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Penanganan

Persoalan Kerusakan Jalan


pada Tanah Bermasalah
Tanah Lunak, Tanah Ekspansif
dan Tanah Gambut
Sosialisasi Standar Perencanaan
Bidang Jalan dan Jembatan, Denpasar
19 November 2008
Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
INVESTIGASI YANG
DIPERLUAKAN

Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
Investigasi Geoteknik
• Survai dan Identifikasi Permasalahan
• Stake Out dan Penyelidikan Geoteknik
– Pemboran s/d tanah keras, bor-log, interpretasi Stratigrafi Tanah/Batuan
– DCP / Sondir
– SPT dan Sampling (Contoh Tanah)
• Pengujian Laboratorium
– Index test
– Strength test
– Permeability, Compresibility test
• Analysa Stabilitas dan Judgment Konstruksi Penanganan
– Analisa mode keruntuhan dan tahapan konstruksi
– Analisa stabilitas penanganan keruntuhan
• Konstruksi pelaksanaan hasil analisa dan judgment penanganan
• Pemasangan instrumentasi dan Monitoring
– Database
– Monitoring effektifitas penanganan
Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
TANAH DASAR
(SUBSURFACE) ??????
SOFT SOIL ????

Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
PERBAIKAN TAHAN DASAR

TANAH DASAR HARUS MEMENUHI SPESIFIKASI

(BUKU 3 DIVISI 3 PEKERJAAN TANAH)

Gagah Nian
Ooi
Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
NSPM YANG TERKAIT

JUDUL NSPM

• PANDUAN GEOTEKNIK 1
No.Pt T-8-2002-B
PROSES PEMBENTUKAN
DAN SIFAT-SIFAT DASAR TANAH
LUNAK

• PANDUAN GEOTEKNIK 2
No. Pt-09-2002-B
PENYELIDIKAN TANAH, DESAIN
& PEKERJAAN LAPANGAN

Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
NSPM YANG TERKAIT

JUDUL NSPM
• PANDUAN GEOTEKNIK 3 NO. Pt M-01-2002-B
PENYELIDIKAN TANAH
LUNAK, PENGUJIAN
LABORATORIUM

• PANDUAN GEOTEKNIK 4 NO.Pt-T-10-2002-B


DESAIN DAN KONSTRUKSI
• PANDUAN JALAN PADA
PEDOMAN
GAMBUT
KIMPRASWIL
Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
NSPM YANG TERKAIT
JUDUL NSPM
• TATA CARA PERENCANAAN PEDOMAN TEKNIS
PEMBUATAN JALAN DIATAS No. 008/T/BM/1999
TANAH GAMBUT (No. 03/KPTS/Db/1999)
MENGGUNAKAN PONDASI
GALAR KAYU
PEDOMAN TEKNIS
• TATA CARA PELAKSANAAN
No. 009/T/BM/1999
PEMBUATAN JALAN DIATAS (No. 03/KPTS/Db/1999)
TANAH GAMBUT
MENGGUNAKANPONDASI GALAR
KAYU
PEDOMAN TEKNIS
• TATA CARA PELAKSANAAN No 029/T/BM/1999
PONDASI CERUCUK KAYU
DIATAS TANAH LEMBEK DAN (No. 76/KPTS/Db/1999)
GAMBUT
Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
PROBLEM KERUNTUHAN

TIMBUNAN PADA TANAH LUNAK

Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
PERMASALAHAN
Model Permasalahan

(a) Keruntuhan Lokal Talud dangkal (b) Keruntuhan Talud

(c) Keruntuhan Tata


Institute of Road and Bridge EngineeringTotalCara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
PERMASALAHAN
Model Kasus

Keruntuhan didaerah Pelebaran Jalan


Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
Perencanaan Timbunan Jalan
diatas Lapisan Tanah Lunak

Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
KRITERIA BEBAN DAN PERENCANAAN
4. KRITERIA BEBAN GEMPA

2 1
5 6 5 4
4 3
2 2
1
3 4 56 43 2
6
2 5 34 4 3
5 5
4 6
3 2 6
3 4

PETA ZONA GEMPA DI INDONESIA


Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
Pembobotan dalam pemilihan konstruksi penanggulangan
CONTOH PEMILIHAN KONSTRUKSI
Pembobotan Kriteria Alternatif Konstruksi yang dipilih
No Main Criterion Sub Criterion Penggantian Sistim Cerucuk Tiang Geo- Galar Counter Vertikal Beban Pra
(MC) (SC) Tanah Desakan beton Pancang tekstil Kayu Weight Drain bertahap Beban
Jenis Bobot Level Bobot (Nilai Bobot MC) x (Nilai Bobot SC yang sesuai pilihan)
1 Biaya 10 murah 3 30 30
sedang 2 20 20 20
mahal 1 10 10 10 10 10
2 Umur 9 Panjang 3 27 27 27 27
Konstruksi Sedang 2 18 18 18
Pendek 1 9 9 9
3 Kesesuaian 8 Sesuai 3 24
Geometri Kurang 2 16 16 16 16 16
Tidak 1 8 8 8 8
4 Kekuatan 7 Tinggi 3 21 21
Bahan sedang 2 14 14 14 14 14 14
Rendah 1 7 7
5 Penurunan 6 Kecil 3 18
/deformasi Sedang 2 12 12
Besar 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
6 Kemudahan 5 Mudah 3 15 15
Pelaksanaan Sedang 2 10 10 10 10 10 10
Sulit 1 5 5
7 Waktu 4 Cepat 3 12 12 12
Pelaksanaan Sedang 2 8 8 8 8 8
Lama 1 4 4
8 Pengadaan 3 Mudah 3 9 9
bahan lokal Sedang 2 6 6 6 6 6 6
Sulit 1 3 3
9 Tenaga 2 Banyak 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
Lokal Sedang 2 4
Sedikit 1 2
10 Pencapaian 1 Mudah 3 3 3 3
lokasi InstituteSedang
of Road and Bridge
2 Engineering 2 2Tata Cara Penanggulangan
2 Longsoran, Denpasar,
2 Bali 224 – 26 Nov22008 2
Agency of Reasearch and
Sulit 1 Development
Ministry of Public Jumlah
Works 112 106 112 136 76 105 99 100 92 102
Macam Penanggulangan

Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
MACAM PENANGGULANGAN

Penggantian Material

Penggantian Tanah Lunak D<2m


Lapisan kenyal/teguh t4m

Diganti Seluruhnya

Diganti Sebagian D<3m


Tanah Lunak
t4m
Lapisan tanah Kenyal/Teguh

Diganti Sebagian

Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
MACAM PENANGGULANGAN
5. Beban Bertahap

Tinggi Tahapan timbunan diusahakan sama

Massa Perlapisan tanah merupakan fungsi dari lingkaran gelincir


Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
Shredded
Tires

Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
Light Weight Mortar Concrete

a) Approach Bridge

Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
MACAM PENANGGULANGAN
Penyalir Tegak : pelaksanaan

PEMASANGAN PENYALIR
Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering TEGAK
Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
Reinforcing Tanah Dasar

Untuk meningkatkan stabilitas timbunan

Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
Galar Kayu

Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
Geosintetic /
Geotextile

Replacement /
Penggantian
Material
Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
BEBAN KONTRA (COUNTERWEIGHT

Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
Penggunaan Geosintetik / geotekstil

Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
GEOTEKSTIL TIDAK DISAMBUNG ARAH LEBAR, TAPI ARAH PANJANG
Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
Kegagalan Konstruksi pada
PROBLEMATIC SOILS:
Tanah Lunak, Tanah Expansive dan
Tanah Gambut

Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
Failure of Trial Embankment on Peat Soils

very difficult to be determined ???


•Changing pore water pressure
show a small changes due to
flooded by the increasing water
levels.
•Monitoring mobilization of pore
pressure dissipation is hardly to
be observed

Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
Embankment Failure over Peaty Soil Layers
due to Settlement

Peat
Soils

Peat Peat
Soils Soils

Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
Failure of Trial Embankment on Peat Soils

very difficult to be determined ???

• EPS was swamped away by flooding and


reacted with peat water (acidity) and
releasing the joint connection system
• consolidation pressure increase then the
coefficient of hydraulic conductivity of
peat is significantly reduced

Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
Failure of Trial Embankment on Peat Soils
• On using Wood Corduroy and surcharge, both are failures
due to settlement problems on Peaty Soils

settlement

Corduroy Technology

Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
Pile Slab
• Pile Slab was constructed in Asam Baru and
Berengbengkel, Central Kalimantan

Perlu diperhitungkan trhd


kondisi khusus:
1. Fluktuasi air pasang – surut
2. Arus pasang surut
3. Kedalaman Tanah Gambut
• IRE is still developing the further research of the
innovative technology, such as:
– Lightweight materials – foam mortar, etc.
– preparing the standard procedure for designin and construting

Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
Tanah Ekspansif
crack • Menjaga Kadar Air agar
tidak berubah
– Horizontal barrier
– Vertikal barrier
Zone Aktif
Dropping • Memberikan Beban
shear Timbunan
strength
due to • Penggantian material
From Dry dengan yang lebih baik s/d
(shrinkage) kedalaman tertentu
to Wet
(swelling) • ??????? Tiang pancang,
bor pile dsb.
Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
Kesimpulan :
1. Perlu penyelidikan tanah untuk mendapatkan stratigrafi:
• tebal gambut dan penyebaran tanah lunak
dibawahnya
• parameter tanah untuk parameter desain
2. Kriteria mengenai besaran dan waktu dan kecepatan
penurunan yang diperbolehkan merupakan agenda
penting untuk dibicarakan agar didapat konstruksi yang
stabil
3. Dalam perhitungan perlu ditinjau berbagai
kemungkinan yang mempengaruhi stabilitas, karena
model keruntuhan cukup bervariasi
Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
Terima kasih

Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
Soal untuk dikerjakan

Berikan judgment untuk analisa


dan jenis penanganan

Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works
Penanganan ??? 1. Perbedaan Perubahan Tekanan Air Pori
antara Tanah Lunak dan Tanah Gambut
2. Mode Keruntuhan Tanah Lunak, Tanah
Gambut dan Tanah Ekspansif
3. Engineering Judgment Penanganan
masing-masing kondisi
•Tanah Dasar ?? Flukt mat
5 meter 5 meter 5 meter
arus

a. Tanah Lunak Organik b. Tanah Gambut c. Tanah Ekspansif


Clayey Silt Soils
Fluktuasi mat

15 m
Jawaban Jawaban Jawaban
a b c

Institute of Road and Bridge Engineering Tata Cara Penanggulangan Longsoran, Denpasar, Bali 24 – 26 Nov 2008
Agency of Reasearch and Development
Ministry of Public Works

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