BENCANA MASSAL

Aulia Seftiya
NIM. 1610015055

SMF & Laboratorium Ilmu Forensik Medikolegal

RSUD Abdul Wahab Sjahranie SamarindaFakultas Kedok-
teran Universitas Mulawarrman

http://www.free-powerpoint-templates-design.com
 PENDAHULUAN
Bencana merupakan suatu peristiwa yang dapat ditimbulkan oleh manusia maupun alam,
yang menimbulkan kerugian baik secara material, kecacatan maupun kehilangan nyawa.
BENCANA MASSAL

• Banjir San Antonio, INDONESIA

Amerika (215),
• World Trade Center • Sriwajaya Air SJ
(3.000), 182 (62),
• Chernobyl (31) • Kapal KRI Nang-
• Banjir China 1931 gala (52),
• Jembatan Teng-
(1.000.000-4.000.000),
garong (75)
• MH370 Malaysia (239),
• Tsunami Aceh
• Kapal Sewol Korsel
(230.000).
(250) • Gunung
Krakatao
(36.417)
• Berbagai bencana, seperti: gempa bumi, tsunami, banjir, tanah longsor, topan
angin puting beliung dsb.
Bencana Massal • Bencana yang diakibatkan oleh manusia misalnya teror bom, konflik, kapal
tenggelam, kecelakaan pesawat, kecelakaan kereta dsb
 Definisi Bencana Massal
World Health Organization (WHO)
Setiap kejadian yang menyebabkan
kerusakan, gangguan ekologis, hilangnya
nyawa manusia atau memburuknya dera-
jat kesehatan atau pelayanan kesehatan
pada skala tertentu yang memerlukan re-
spon dari luar masyarakat atau wilayah
yang terkena.
Departemen Kesehatan RI
Peristiwa atau kejadian pada suatu
daerah yang mengakibatkan kerusakan
ekologi. Kerugian kehidupan manusia
serta memburuknya kesehatan dan
pelayanan kesehatan yang bermakna se-
hingga memerlukan bantuan luar biasa
dari pihak luar.
UU No. 24 Tahun 2007
Peristiwa atau serangkaian peristiwa yang
mengancam dan mengganggu kehidupan
dan penghidupan masyarakat yang dise-
A B babkan baik faktor alam dan/atau non
alam maupun faktor manusia, sehingga
menimbulkan timbulnya korban jiwa
manusia, kerusakan lingkungan, kerugian
C D harta benda dan dampak psikologis
Jumlah Korban Bencana Massal
• Menurut Pandangan Medis : 25
Orang
• Apabila jumlah korban melebihi 10%
dari kapasitas tempat masing-masing
RS
.
 Bencana Massal Tertutup
Bencana dengan jumlah korban sudah pasti dan mudah diidentifikasi atau dikelompokan

BENCANA
MASSAL

Bencana Massal Terbuka

Bencana katastropik dengan jumlah para korban yang tidak diketahui dan data-data individual yang tidak jelas
Undang Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009

“ Telah memberikan amanat kepada

pemerintah dan masyarakat untuk melakukan upaya
identifikasi terhadap mayat yang tidak dikenal
“
Identifikasi korban mati dilakukan untuk memenuhi hak korban agar dapat dikembalikan
kepada keluarga dan dikubur secara layak sesuai dengan keyakinannya semasa hidup.
Ada dampak hukum dengan meninggalnya seseorang seperti waris, asuransi, serta
Pada kasus kriminal maka akan dapat dihentikan apabila pelaku telah meninggal dunia
 Identifikasi Jenazah Bencana Massal
Disaster Victim Indetification (DVI)
DVI merupakan suatu prosedur yang untuk mengi-
dentifikasi korban mati akibat bencana massal se- Fase I The Scene
cara ilmiah yang dapat dipertanggung jawabkan
dan mengacu pada standar baku Interpol (Interna- Tim Pertama ke- TKP untuk melakukan
tional Criminal Police Organization) • Pemilahan (korban hidup, korban mati dan barang bukti (u-
lah manusia),
• Memberikan tanda (Tim Pemeriksa, Lokasi, No. Jenazah).
Fase V Debriefing
• Dilakukan 3-6 bulan setelah Fase II Post Mortem Examination
proses identfikasi selesai Pemeriksaan Mayat.
• Evaluasi • Ahli Identifikasi, dokter forensik dan
dokter gigi forensik
• Mencari data Post Mortem (DNA,
Barang, Gigi, sidik jari dll)
• Pink Form

Fase IV Reconciliation Fase III Ante Mortem Information Retrieval

Pencocokan data ante mortem dan Pengumpulan data ante mortem
post mortem • Tim Kecil yang menerima laporan orang yang
Kecocokan : diduga menjadi korban
• Min. 1 kriteria macam primary • Pakaian terakhir, ciri-ciri khusus, data rekam
identifiers medik, data sidik jari, data DNA korban/
• 2 macam secondary indentifiers Pengambilan darah.
• Yellow Form
Formulir Ante-Mortem

Contoh Formulir
Formulir Post-Mortem

Ante-mortem & Post-mortem

• Ante-Mortem
Data yang dikumpulkan oleh polisi
atau keluarga yang kehilangan
anggota keluarga

• Post-Mortem
Data dikumpulkan oleh ahli
Pathology dan Tim Identifikasi
Forensik
Disaster Victim Indentification (DVI)

Fingerprint (FR), Dental Records (DR) dan DNA

Primary Identifiers

Secondary Indentifiers

Medical (M), Property (P), dan Photography (PG)

Primary Identifiers
Analisa Sidik Jari
Pemeriksaan sidik jari berguna untuk membandingkan sidik jari jenazah dengan sidik jari yang terdapat dalam data
antemortem. Pemeriksaan sidik jari merupakan pemeriksaan yang diakui paling tinggi ketetapannya dalam menen -
tukan identitas seseorang.
 PRIMARY IDENTIFIERS
Pengambilan Sidik Jari

Kulit Dipasang Kembali Pada Kulit Yang Telah Dilepas Dari Kulit Yang Telah Dilepas Diberi
Kulit Yang Telah Dilepas Di-
Jari Mayat Atau Dimasukkan Tangan Jenazah Tinta Dan Ambil Sidik Jari
pasang Ke Tangan Petugas.
Dalam Jari Terugas Sehingga Seperti Cara Rutin
Pengambilan Dapat Di-
lakukan.
Primary Identifiers
Pemeriksaan Odontologi
Pemeriksaan ini meliputi penncatatan data gigi (odontogram) dan rahang yang dapat dilakukan dengan manual,
sinar-X dan pencetakan gigi serta rahang. Odontogram memuat data terkait jumlah, susunan, tambalan dsb, yang
dapat dibandingkan dengan data antemortem.
 ANALISA DNA
Sampel darah, tulang, kuku dan rambut dari korban
 Your Picture Here

Secondary Identifiers
Medical/Medis
Metode ini menggunakan data tiinggi badan, berat badan, warna rambut, warna mata, cacat/ke-
lainan khusus, tattoo dsb. Metode ini memiliki nilai tinggi dalam identifikasi identitas. Melalui
metode ini dapat ditemukan terkait ras, jenis kelamin, perkiraan umur, kelainan pada tulang dsb.
Secondary Identifiers
Properti
Dokumen seperti kartu identitas (KTP,SIM,Paspor dsb) yang kebetulan dijumpai pada saku pada pakaian akan sangat mem -
bantu proses identifikasi. Pakaian dan perhiasan yang dikenakan oleh jenazah mungkin dapat diketahui merk atau nama
pembuat, ukuran dsb yang semuanya dapat membantu dalam proses identifikasi meskipun kondisi jenazah sudah membusuk.
Khusus anggota ABRI identifikasi akan lebih mudah dengan adanya nama serta NRP yang tertera pada kalung logam yang
digunakan.
 IDENTIFIKASI KERANGKA
Bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa kerangka tersebut ialah kerangka manusia, ras, jenis kelamin, perkiraan usia dsb.
Thank you
 Primary Identifers
Disaster Victim Indentification

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PENDAHULUAN
01 Bencana massal dapat ditimbulkan oleh manusia maupun
alam, yang menimbulkan kerugian.

Dunia
02 Banjir San Antonio, Amerika (215), World Trade Center
(3.000), Chernobyl (31).

03 Asia
Banjir China 1931 (1.000.000-4.000.000), MH370 Malaysia
(239), Kapal Sewol Korsel (250)

Indonesia
04 Sriwajaya Air SJ 182 (62), Kapal KRI Nanggala (52), Jem-
batan Tenggarong (75).
PENDAHULUAN

Bencana dapat disebabkan oleh manusia maupun alam.

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