ASME B31.

1 “POWER PIPING”

BY : TRI PRANTI DAMAI P.ALAM

1605101023
Apa itu Pipa ?
Pipa : media tempat mengalirnya fluida proses dari
suatu unit yang satu kelainnya. Secara umum
karakteristiknya ditentukan berdasar material (bahan)
pennyusunnya. Ukuran diameterpipa didasarkan
pada diameter “nominal” antara diameter luar (od)
atau diameter dalam (id).
Tujuan dari perancangan perpipaan :
 Material seperti apa yang sesuai dengan kondisi kerja (tekanan
external/internal, suhu, korosi, SERING DISEBUT DG RATING
PIPA)

 Standard Code mana yang sesuai untuk diaplikasikan pada sistem

perpipaan yang akan dirancang. Pemilihan standard code yang benar
akan menentukan arah perancangan secara keseluruhan, baik dari segi
biaya, reliabilitas, safety design, dan stress analisis.

 Perhitungan dan pemilihan ketebalan pipa. Pemilihan ketebalan pipa

(schedule number) sebaiknya memenuhi kriteria cukup, aman, dan
ketersediaan stok di pasaran.
 Dengan cara bagaimana sistem perpipaan akan
dikoneksikan satu sama lain, jenis sambungan, dan
material sambungan seperti apa yang sesuai.

 Bagaimana planning dan routing dari sistem perpipaan akan

dilakukan. General arrangement, dan routing sebaiknya
dilakukan dengan memperhatikan aspek inherent safety
design, konsumsi pipa seminimum mungkin tanpa
mengorbankan dan mengurangi kemampuan, fungsi dan
operasional dari peralatan yang terkoneksi.
Pipa ASME (American Society Mechanical Engineering)
B31”

The ASME B31 Code for Pressure Piping consists

of a number of individually published Sections,
each an American National Standard, under
the direction of ASME Committee B31, Code for
Pressure Piping. Rules for each Section have
been developed considering the need for
application of specific requirements for various
types of pressure piping. Applications
considered for each Code Section include:
ASME B31.1 “POWER PIPING”

B3 1.1 Power Piping: piping typically found in electric

power generating stations, in industrial and
institutional plants, geothermal heating systems, and
central and district heating and cooling systems;
ASME B31.1

This Power Piping Code is one of several Sections of the

American Society of Mechanical Engineers Code for
Pressure Piping, B31. This Section is published as a
separate document for convenience.
Design
These design conditions define the pressures,
temperatures and various forces applicable to the
design of power piping systems. Power piping systems
shall be designed for the most severe condition of
coincident pressure, temperature and loading, except
as herein stated. The most severe condition shall be
that which results in the greatest required pipe wall
thickness and the highest flange rating.
Pressure Design
All pressures referred to in this Code are expressed in
pounds per square inch and kilopascals above atmospheric
pressure, i.e., psig [kPa (gage)), unless otherwise stated.

Internal Design Pressure. The internal design pressure shall

be not less than the maximum sustained operating
pressure (MSOP) within the piping system including the
effects of static head.
External Design Pressure. Piping subject to external pressure
shall be designed for the maximum differential pressure
anticipated during operating, shutdown,or test conditions.
Tempreatur Design
(A) The piping shall be designed for a metal temperature representing the maximum
sustained. condition expected. The design temperature shall be assumed to be the same
as the fluid temperature unless calculations or tests support the use of other data, in
which case the design temperature shall not be less than the average of the fluid
temperature and the outside wall temperature.

(B) Where a fluid passes through heat exchangers in series, the design temperature of the
piping in each section of the system shall conform to the most severe temperature
condition expected to be produced by the heat exchangers in that section of the system.

(C) For steam, feedwater, and hot water piping leading from fired equipment (such as boiler,
reheater, superheater, economizer, etc.), the design temperature shall be based on the
expected continuous operating condition plus the equipment manufacturers guaranteed
maximum temperature tolerance. For operation at temperatures in excess of this
condition, the limitations described in para. 102.2.4 shall apply.

(D) Accelerated creep damage, leading to excessive creep strains and potential pipe rupture,
caused by extended operation above the design temperature shall be considered in
selecting the design temperature for piping to be operated above 800°F.
Materials
Listed Materials. Material meeting the following requirements shall be
considered listed and acceptable materials.
(A) Materials for which allowable stress values are listed in Appendix A or which
have been approved by the procedure established by (C) below.

(B) A material conforming to a specification for which allowable stresses are not
listed in Appendix A is acceptable provided its use is not specifically
prohibited by this Code Section and it satisfies one of the following
requirements.
(B.l) It is referenced in a standard listed in Table Such a material shall be used
only within the scope of and in the product form covered by the referencing
standard listed in Table 126.1.
(B.2) It is referenced in other parts of this Code Section and shall be used only
within the scope of and in the product form permitted by the referencing text.
(C) Where it is desired to use materials which are not currently
acceptable under the rules of this Code Section, written
application shall be made to the Committee fully describing the
proposed material and the contemplated use. Such material shall
not be considered listed and not used as a listed material until it
has been approved by the Committee and allowable stress values
have been assigned. Details of information which should be
included in such applications are given in Appendix VI. See para.
123.1.2.

(D) Materials conforming to ASME SA or SB specifications may be

used interchangeably with material specified to the listed ASTM
A or B specifications of the same number,except where the
requirements of
para. 123.2.2 apply.
Unlisted Materials Materials other than those meeting the
requirements of para. 123.1.1 shall be considered unlisted
materials. Such unlisted materials may only be used for nonboiler
external piping provided they satisfy all of the following
requirements:

(A) Unlisted materials are certified by the material manufacturer to

satisfy the requirements of a specification listed in any Code
Section of the ASME B31 Code for Pressure Piping, the ASME
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section n1, Part D, or to' a
published specification covering chemistry, physical and
mechanical properties, method and process of manufacture, heat
treatment, and quality control.

(B) The allowable stresses of the unlisted materials shall be

determined in accordance with the rules of para.
Size or Thickness Materials outside the limits of size
or thickness given in the title or scope clause of any
specification listed in Table 126.1 may be used if the
material is in compliance with the other requirements
of the specification, and no other sinilar limitation is
given in the rules for construction.
Piping component
1. Boiler External Piping Materials, for boiler
external piping, as defined in para. 100.1.2(A), shall
be specified in accordance with ASME SA, SB, or SFA
specifications.
2. Steel, Upon prolonged exposure to temperatures
above 775°F (415"C), the carbide phase of plain
carbon steel, plain nickel alloy steel, carbon-
manganese alloy steel, manganese-vanadium alloy
steel, and carbon-silicon steel may be converted to
graphite.
3. Cast Gray Iron, The low ductility of cast gray iron
may result in sudden failure if shock loading
(pressure, temperature or mechanical) should occur.
Possible shock loadings and consequences of failure
must be considered before specifying the use of such
material.
THANK YOU