Kidney
Pituitary
Located at
base of brain
Thyroid
Parathyroid
(Testis in
Male)
Brain Diagram of Endocrine Glands
Hypothalamus
Preoptic
nuclei cell
Nerve
Cells
Superior
hypophyseal
artery
Capillary plexus
Cells of the Hypophyseal portal
Anterior Pituitary
vessels
• LH
• FSH Posterior
• Prolactin pituitary
• STH
• TSH
• ACTH
Capillary
plexus
Thyroid Gland
16
PINEAL GLAND
ADRENAL GLAND
Testes
Diagramatic Representation of the Ovary:
KELENJAR ENDOKRIN DIGOLONGKAN
DALAM 2 KELOMPOK:
1. Master Gland
Kelenjar endokrin menghasilkan hormon yang
Mensekresikan:
Gonadotropins {FSH, LH/ICSH}
Prolactin (Mammotropins).
STH (Somatotropic Hormone) atau Growth Hormone.
TSH (Tirotropins: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone).
ACTH (Corticotropin: Adenocorticotropic Hormone).
Lobus posterior.
Mensekresikan:
Oksitosin
ADH (Anti Diuretic Hormone): Vasopressin
LOBUS ANTERIOR
Gonadotropins {FSH, LH/ICSH}
LH (ICSH):
♀: menstimulus ovulasi pada betina CL hormon
progesteron ↑↑
♂: menstimulus sel leydig hormon testosteron
FSH
♀: menstimulus pertumbuhan folikel pada ovarium
hormon estrogen ↑↑
♂: berperan dalam spermatogenesis
Prolactin (Mammotropins).
merangsang dan
mempertahankan sekresi
air susu; merangsang CL
Hormon Progesteron
STH (Somatotropic
Hormone) atau Growth
Hormone.
mendorong pertumbuhan
seluruh tubuh terutama ephypise
tulang
TSH (Tirotropins: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone).
Menstimulasi kelenjar thyroid hormon tiroksin &
triido tironin
ACTH (Corticotropin: Adenocorticotropic
Hormone).
Menstimulus kortek adrenal hormon
mineralocortocoid dan glukokorticoid
LOBUS POSTERIOR
Oksitosin
Kontraksi sel myoepitel
uterus
ADH (Anti Diuretic
Hormone): Vasopressin
Absorbsi air di ginjal
antidiuretik
TARGET GLAND
1. TIROID GLAND
Terdiri atas 2 lobus, terletak di
kiri dan kanan trachea,
dihubungkan oleh isthmus.
Menghasilkan hormone tiroksin
+ triiodo tironin (T4 dan T3).
Mempengaruhi hampir setiap
sel tubuh.
H. Tiroksin Bekerja pada Inti Sel
2. PARATIROID GLAND
gonadotropin
Testes
-Struktur kimia
-Sifat kelarutan
dalam sel
Classification and Properties of Hormone
3. Endocrine polypeptides
Steroids
B. Type of action :
Fatty acids
1. Reproduction Modified amino
hormone (primary and
secondary) acid
2. Metabolic 2. Size
hormone
A. Site of Action
1. Autocrine secretion
substance released by cell that affects the secreting cell itself
2. Paracrine secretion
- substance released by cell that affects neighboring cells.
4. Neurocrine
Combination of neural inputs stimulating endocrine
system to secrete hormones
ex. : suckling stimulus
Types of cell-to-cell signaling
x Classic endocrine hormones travel
via bloodstream to target cells
x neurohormones are released via
synapses and travel via the bloostream
x paracrine hormones act on adjacent
cells
x autocrine hormones are released
and act on the cell that secreted them.
Also intracrine hormones act within
the cell that produces them.
B. TYPE OF ACTION :
1. Reproduction hormone
- Primary hormone of reproduction
ex.:FSH, LH, ICSH, Prolactine, Oxytocin, Testoteron,
Estradiol, Progesterone, Relaxin, HCG, PG
- Secondary hormone of reproduction
ex. : STH,TSH,ACTH,ADH,Aldosteron, etc.
2. Metabolic hormone
C. KOMPOSISI KIMIA
Klasifikasi hormon berdasarkan senyawa kimia pembentuknya :
•hormone crosses
membranes
•hormone combines with
receptor in nucleus
•synthesis of mRNA
activated
•hormone binds to
receptor on cell
membrane
• adenylate cyclase activated
Receptor
Second Messenger
Hormone
Feedback Loop
Capillary
Second Messenger
1) Hormone binds
activates G protein
2) Activates
adenylate cyclase
3) Produces cAMP
4) Activates kinases
5) Activates enzymes
6) Metabolic
reactions
Signal Transduction Hormon Glycoprotein