masalahnya
B. Transmitters
( Blood and lymphatics, peripheral nerves, CNS)
C. Effector site
Sympathetic nerv syst Hypothalamus Kidney Pancr
Adrenal medula Ant pituitary Post pituitary
islets Renin,
Adr cortex angiotens
Epinephrn ADH Glukagon
norepinephr Cortison, aldostr, Insulin
Aldostrn
G.H
Adverse metabolic effect in Severe illness
*Hypermetabolism
*Hypercatabolism ( urinary N excr , altered plasma
amino acid profiles, skeletal muscle efflux )
*Hyperglycemia
*Immunosupression
*Altered vascular permiability
*Acute phase response ( fever, positive acute phase
protein , negative acute phase protein )
*Altered gastric function
Supressed gluc
prod 1/2 normal
Glucose infusion
Partially improved synthesis
rate but not supressed
catabolism
Prot Substrate infusion Pasien tetap,harus diberi nutrisi
Masalah yang dihadapi dalam perawatan pasien2
dengan nutrisi parenteral baik partial maupun total
K meq/kgBB/hari 1
mosm
Perawatan pasien dengan nutrisi
parenteral lebih sulit
dibandingkan dengan nutrisi
enteral
Monitoring yang diperlukan :
jam sekali
All in One Solution
penyakit2 spesifik
stabil
Penatalaksanaan pemberian nutrisi
lebih teliti
Dan