Anatomi-Histologi
Fakultas Kedokteran UB
2023
Learning
objectives:
1. Memahami embryologi pembentukan jantung
dan pembuluh darah besar
2. Memahami gangguan yang dapat terjadi pada
proses pembentukan jantung dan pembuluh
besar (Kelainan Jantung Bawaan)
3. Mampu mendeteksi dini dan melakukan
skrining pada pasien dengan kelainan jantung
bawaan
• 5 besar di Indonesia :
• 1. VSD (Ventracular Septal
Defect)
• 2. PDA
• 3. PS (Pulmonary Stenosis)
• 4. ASD (Atrial Septal Defect)
•
Birth Prevalence of Congenital Heart Disease Worldwide: A
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Author : Denise van der Linde, 2011
CHD in
Indonesia children
adult
Contoh Kasus VSD
Anamnesa :
Bayi perempuan berusia 4 bulan, dengan riwayat BB
tidak bertambah, Lahir pervaginam, BB saat lahir 3 kg,
saat imunisasi usia 6 mgg : BB 2,75. BB saat imunisasi 10
mgg : 3 kg, sering menangis. Pekan kemarin dibawa ke
RS karena ISPA BB: 3,5 kg. Saat menyusu ibunya, pasien
berkeringat, sesak (nafasnya terhambat).
Pemeriksaan fisik :
KU : Nampak kurang gizi. BB: 3,5kg, TB : 62 cm.
Tachypneu, retraksi intercostal (+), subcostal recession (+)
Nadi : 140x/mnt. RR : 56x/mnt. Anemis (-), edema
(-),Apex cordis di AAL, Hepatomegali (+), Limpadenopati
(-)
Ausc : Pan sistolik murmur(+).
Pemeriksaan Penunjang :
Hb : 9 g/dL
ECG : Hipertrofi biventricular
Foto thorax : cardiomegaly, dan pembesaran atrium
sinistra
DEFINISI KELAINAN JANTUNG BAWAAN /
Congenital heart disease (CHD)
• Unknown
• Genetic predisposition
• Environmental Risk Factors
• maternal illnesses, including diabetes and phenylketonuria, maternal exposure to
toxins or drugs and viral infections during pregnancy.
• Chromosomal disorder
• Aneupoidies (trisomy 21, 13, and 18 and Turner syndrome).
Overvie
w
Day 20
Day 21
Pembentukan Jantung
*peristiwayangkhasdimingguke-3: gastrulasi(prosesyangmembentukketigalapisangerminalembrio,yaituectoderm,mesoderm,endoderm)
Embryology and
TAHAPAN PEMBENTUKAN JANTUNG development
of the heart
1. Pembentukan blood
island cardiogenic
area
2. Pergeseran letak
cardiogenic area
3. Pembentukan heart
tube dan fusi
4. Looping heart tube
5. Pembentukan septum
1. Pembentukan cardiogenic area
involved endocardial
cushions
berkembang di:
• Atrioventricular canal
• Regio conotruncal (the
aortic and pulmonary
channels)
• septum interventricular pars
membranosa
5. Pembentukan cardiac septa
A,B. Septum formation by two actively growing ridges that approach each other until they
fuse.
C. Septum formed by a single actively growing cell mass.
Defects:
• atrial septal defects (ASDs) & ventricular septal defects
(VSDs)
• defects involving the great vessels (i.e., transposition of the
great vessels, common truncus arteriosus, and tetralogy of
5. :Pembentukan cardiac
septa
does not involved endocardial cushions
D–F. Septum formation by merging two expanding portions of the wall of the heart.
Such a septum never completely separates two cavities.
Pembentukan Septum Inter-atriale
Transverse sections through the truncus arteriosus at the level of the semilunar valves at
weeks 5. A.
6. B. and 7. C. of development
Septum Formation in the Ventricles: Semilunar valves
ritafkub11@gmail.com
rosita.fk@ub.ac.id
Thank you