Operasi dan Rawat PLTU

Motor, Trafo, Generator dan Proteksi

Oleh Ir. Sambodho Sumani
Catatan:
Insinyur harus bawa scientific clculator seperti saya dulu bawa slide-rule.

Daftar Isi:

1. Komponen PLTU
2. Load shedding and restoration
3. Ringkasan teori
3.1. Motor induksi
3.1.1. Rumus dan macam motor Induksi:
3.1.2. Komponen instalasi motor induksi: Motor induksi sendiri, bantalan,
kontaktor, kopling
3.1.3. Cara asut, putaran variabel
3.1.4. Putaran variabel
3.1.5. Name plate
3.2. Generator sinkron
3.3. Motor sinkron Operasi dan Rawat PLTU 1
Daftar isi (lanjutan)

3.4. Generator arus searah

3.5. Motor arus searah
3.6.Elektronika daya

4. Rawat mesin-mesin listrik

Perkakas kerja

5. Sistem Tenaga Listrik di PLTU

6. Macam Trafo Daya

7. Proteksi dan Relai

8. Alat sakel

9. Perhitungan hubung singkat

10. Pengaruh beban tak seimbang (arus urutan negatip)

Operasi dan Rawat PLTU 2
Daftar isi (lanjutan):

11. Komponen Simetri

Operasi dan Rawat PLTU 3

Komponen PLTU Batubara

phase bus

Operasi dan Rawat PLTU 4

Penampang mesin arus searah

Operasi dan Rawat PLTU 5

Komponen motor listrik induksi rotor kurung

Operasi dan Rawat PLTU 6

Pendapat Anda tentang slides sebelumnya
(konstruksi mesin induksi)

Bantalan

Operasi dan Rawat PLTU 7

 Bantalan

Sebutkan macam-macam bantalan:

Sleeve bearing

Bantalan peluru

Bantalan peluru konis

Bantalan dengan pelincir karbon

Apa yang dimaksud dengan seal

Operasi dan Rawat PLTU 8

 Konstruksi Bantalan

Apa yang dimaksud dengan:

Pelat penutup terdiri dari apa dibuat dari apa?
Seal
Operasi dan Rawat PLTU 9
 Teori motor induksi
Rumus-rumus pentin

R2'run X2'run
R1 X1

Vt
R' 2run
1  s
I2'
Rm
Xm
s

Ih+e

Po
I nS 
120 f1
s
nS  n
V  3  E f f  Fd p nS

Operasi dan Rawat PLTU 10

Name plate

Daya dakam kW (daya keluar)

Tegangan
Faktor daya (power factor)
Efisiensi
Putaran

Dari brosur didapat:

Torsi asut
Torsi maksimum (pull out torque)

Operasi dan Rawat PLTU 11

Kurva torsi beban vs torsi motor induksi

Operasi dan Rawat PLTU 12

Proteksi motor listrik

Operasi dan Rawat PLTU 13

Proteksi motor listrik

Operasi dan Rawat PLTU 14

 Lokasi on load tap changer
Step Rel GI Pembangkit
Penggerak up Trafo GI Distribusi
mula Generator trafo Transmisi
panjang misal 150kV
Isolated
bus
[3]
USST [1]
[2] run Interbus transformer
20kV (1.4)
150kV

(1.10)
Rel pemakaian sendiri

Di lokasi:
1. On atau off load tap changer?
SST 2. Run SST. On load tap changer (dengan
ototrafo?)
3. On load tap changer, untuk transmisi
PLTG  10 kali motor terbesar ?
20kV panjang +5% dan -15%!
[4] start 4. Start STT

Rel PS kemungkinan
diparalel dengan unit lain
(1.15)
Operasi dan Rawat PLTU 15
 Saluran listrik pemakaian sendiri

Power Plant Bus

Step up
Prime
trafo
mover
Generator
EHV Trans
Isolated 500kV
bus

Running Station
Service trafo

6 kV Transmission SS with
Station Interbus trafo 500/150 Kv
Service
150kV
6333.5 kW boiler feed pump

Black start Starting Station Service transfomer for remote

Generation cranking power

6 kV

Paralel Operation
Fascilities with Other
Operasi dan Rawat PLTU 16
Generating units.
 General Description

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF SURALAYA SPP

No. DESCRIPTION UNIT 1 UNIT 2 UNIT 3 UNIT 4 UNIT 5 UNIT 6 UNIT 7

1 Power Output

a. Coal Fuel ( MW ) 400 400 400 400 600 600 600

b. HFO Oil Fuel (MW) 400 400 175 175 - - -

2 Commercial Operation 1985 1986 1989 1989 1997 1997 1997

3 Power System Stabilizer OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ON ON

4 Load Frequency Control None None None None ON ON ON

5 Present Ramping Rate ( MW/menit ) 5 5 5 5 10 10 10

6 Speed Droop Setting 4,6 % 4,6 % 4,6 % 4,6 % 7,6 % 9,5 % 9,5 %
Free Governoor
7 Operation Mode Load Limit
(Boiler-Turbine Coordinate)
8 Boiler Manufacture Babcock Wilcock ( Radiant Boiler Natural Circulation Tower )

9 Turbin Manufacture Mitsubishi Heavy Industri ( Tandem Compund Quadraple Exhaust Reheat Condensing )

10 Generator Manufacture Mitsubishi Electric Company ( Brushless Exciter with PMG )

11 Generator Transformer Manufacture Mitsubishi Electric Company ( OFAF cooling Off Load Tap Changer )

Operasi dan Rawat PLTU 17

 Minimum power required to avoid
any serious damage to the plants
System CONNECTED Load Demand Load
ITEM Qty Voltage LOAD (Bus A+B) Factor Power Source of Supply
Factor (kW) (kVAR) (kVA)
( kV ) (kW) (kVA) (%)
1. UNIT 1-4 (Total 4 unit) 8817 6181 10778
a. Essential Apparatus 4 0,38 4 x 500 4 x 588 40 0,85 800 497 942 Gen-Set 2 x 500 kW
b. Turbine protection 4 0,38 4 x 612 4 x 720 25 0,85 612 379 720 Grid
c. Boiler protection 4 0,38 4 x 680 4 x 800 20 0,85 544 337 640 Grid
d. Station protection 4 0,38 4 x 1156 4 x 1360 25 0,85 1156 716 1360 Grid
e. Circ. Water System 1 0,38 850 1000 25 0,85 213 132 251 Grid
f. Circ. Water Pump 4 6 4 x 1560 4 x 1950 88 0,80 5492 4119 6865 Grid

2. UNIT 5-7 (Total 3 unit) 13185 11122 17556

a. Emergency apparatus 1 0,4 1800 2250 80 0,80 1440 1080 1800 Gen-Set 1800 kW
b. Turbine protection 3 0,4 3 x 1700 3 x 2000 25 0,85 1275 967 1600 Gas Turbine
c. Boiler protection 3 0,4 3 x 1700 3 x 2000 20 0,85 1275 967 1600 Gas Turbine
d. Station protection 3 0,4 3 x 1700 3 x 2000 25 0,85 1275 967 1600 Gas turbine
e. Circ. Water system 1 0,4 1700 2000 25 0,85 425 1543 1600 Gas Turbine
f. Circ. Water Pump 3 10,5 3 x 2835 3 x 3543 88 0,80 7495 5600 9356 Gas turbine

MINIMUM POWER NEEDED TO AVOID DAMAGE 22002 17304 28334

Operasi dan Rawat PLTU 18

 CAPABILITY CURVE SPECIFICATION
Applicable for Unit No 5 to 7
Generator Mitsubishi Electric
600

Capability Curve

Gas Pressure 5 kg/cm2

POWER OUTPUT : 767 MVA

Voltage : 23.000 Volts
OVER EXCITATION

PF 0,85
400

Current : 19.253 A
Power Factor : 0,85
Phase :3
200

Frequency : 50 Hz
MEL
No of pole :2
MVAR

0 MW
200 400 600 Cooling System : Hydrogen at
Steady 5kg/cm2
state limit
Ecxitation Voltage : 590 V
UNDER EXCITATION
200

Ecxitation Current : 4965 A

PF 0,95
Stator Winding : Y
Turbine Limit Insulation = Class F
400

EXCITER
CAPABILITY CURVE
Operasi dan Rawat PLTU Brushless type , Output : 3300 KW,
19

Voltage 590 V current 5593 A

 START-UP TIME OF SURALAYA SPP

DURATION OF
CONDITION MAX START-UP START-UP TIME START UP COST
UNIT No. TYPE st STOP
Turbin 1 Metal Temp. per YEAR up to 100% LOAD (in Million Rp. )
( hour )
0
COLD < 190 C >36 hours 3 times 17 hours 221

1-4 WARM 0
190 C - 370 C
0
8 - 36 hours 2 times 12 hours 170
0
HOT > 371 C < 8 hours 1 time 7.9 hours 102
0
COLD < 190 C > 36 hours 3 times 17 hours 324

5-7 WARM 0
190 C - 370 C
0
8 - 36 hours 2 times 12 hours 218
0
HOT > 371 C < 8 hours 1 time 7.9 hours 155

Operasi dan Rawat PLTU 20

Estimated Time to Restart Power plants following
blackout
FASTEST START-UP TIME OF SURALAYA AFTER BLACK-OUT
BACK FEEDING (INCOMING POWER SUPPLY) AFTER BLACK-OUT
< 1 hours 1 - 8 hours 8 - 36 hours > 36 hours
No. DESCRIPTION
With With-Out With With-Out With With-Out With With-Out
By-Pass By Pass By-Pass By Pass By-Pass By Pass By-Pass By Pass

A. UNIT 1-4 (Max 2 Unit Start)

Condensor Damage, Turbin Damage, Steam Drum Boiler
1 Consequence Minimum Impact
Drop (long firing), Back-Up Time Battery LOW

2 Start up Criteria HOT START-UP WARM COLD

3 Auxiliary Boiler Start Not Used 2 2 2

By Pass not
By Pass not

By Pass not

By Pass not
Available

Available

Available

Available
4 Start-Up Unit 5,3 5,3 9,9 14,2
5 Ramping 0% to 100% Load 4,1 4,1 4,1 5
TOTAL TIME (HOURS) 9,4 11,4 16 21,2
B. UNIT 5-7 (3 Unit Start)
Condensor Damage, Turbin Damage (Lub Oil Pump not
1 Consequence Minimum Impact running), Air Heater Damage, Steam Drum Boiler Drop (long
firing), Back-Up Battery Time LOW

2 Start up Criteria HOT START-UP WARM COLD

3 Auxiliary Boiler Not Used Not Used Not Used Not Used
Available

Available

Available

Available
By Pass

By Pass

By Pass

By Pass
4 Start Unit 3,8 7,9 7,9 12
5 Ramping 0% to 100% Load 4,1 4,1 4,1 5
TOTAL TIME (HOURS) 7,9 7,9 12 17
Operasi dan Rawat PLTU 21
 Required Power to Start-Up :
CONNECTED Load Demand Load
Motor
Operation Factor Power
ITEM Qty
Voltage ( kV )
Acceleration LOAD (Bus A+B)
Factor (kW) (kVAR) (kVA)
Time (Seconds) (kW) (kVA) (% )
1. UNIT 1-4 (for 1 unit)
a. Low Voltage LVS LOAD 1 0,38 1800 2250 80 0,80 1876 1389 2334
b. Auxiliary Boiler Start-Up 1 6 & 0,38 1000 1250 80 0,80 800 600 1000
c. Cooling Water Pump (CWP) 1 6 4 1500 1875 95 0,80 1425 1069 1781
e. Condesate Extraction Pump (CEP) 1 6 4 630 788 85 0,80 536 402 669
f. Boiler Feed Po. (BFP) 1 6 4 6342 7928 90 0,80 5708 4281 7135
g. Induced Draft Fan (IDF) 1 6 28 2255 2819 50 0,80 1128 846 1409
h. Force Draf Fan (FDF) 1 6 25 1393 1741 50 0,80 697 522 871
i. Primary Air Fan (PAF) 1 6 10 1322 1653 50 0,80 661 496 826
j. 1 ea. MILL to produce 100 MW 1 6 3 522 653 95 0,80 496 372 620
TRANSFER SST to UST at 80 MW
Power to Start-Up one plant of 400 MW 13325 9975 16646
Total Power to Start-Up 4 plants of 400 MW 39976 29926 49937

2. UNIT 5-7 (for 1 unit)

a. Low Voltage LVS LOAD 1 0,4 1800 2250 80 0,80 1876 1389 2334
b. Cooling Water Pump (CWP) 1 10,5 4 2835 2835 95 0,78 2700 2166 3461
c. Closed Cooling Water Pump (C3WP) 1 3,3 4 580 1160 95 0,88 552 294 625
d. Condesate Extraction Pump (CEP) 1 10,5 3,7 2126 2126 84 0,90 1796 891 2005
e. Start-Up Boiler Feed Po. (SU-BFP) 1 10,5 3,9 5960 5960 90 0,89 5342 2746 6006
f. Induced Draft Fan (IDF) 1 10,5 23,2 4302 4302 48 0,71 2061 2066 2918
g. Force Draf Fan (FDF) 1 10,5 20,4 1728 1728 50 0,76 865 731 1133
h. Primary Air Fan (PAF) 1 10,5 8,9 1824 2280 53 0,80 971 728 1214
i. 1 ea. MILL to produce 125 MW 1 3,3 3 800 1000 84 0,81 671 482 826
TRANSFER SST to UST at 80 MW
Power to Start-Up one plant of 600 MW 16834 11493 20523
Total Power to Start-Up 3 plants of 600 MW 50502 34478 61568
Operasi dan Rawat PLTU 22
TOTAL POWER for START-UP 7 UNIT SURALAYA 90478 64404 111505
 Scenario to Perform Island Load of Suralaya SPP

PREVIOU NEW (modified by Jan 2003)

Same Mechanical Over-speed Protection
55S
55 Hz
Hz Action (Turbine Trip)

Same 53,75 Hz Electrical Turbine Over-speed Protection Control (OPC

53,75 Hz Action  Turbine Speed Control to hold Generator still ONL

51,5 Hz Unit 7 HOUSE LOAD

by Over Freq Relay (OFR) Unit 7 (new Relay)
Setting Time : Instantaneous
With permissive All Feeder Suralaya-Gandul OPEN

Same
50 Hz Action 50 Hz NORMAL OPERATION

SURALAYA ISLAND OPERATION

Set by Over Freq Relay (OFR) GITET Suralaya
48,3 SURALAYA ISLAND OPERATION 48,3 All Feeder towards Suralaya are OPENED
Hz Unit 2,3 tripped out Hz To make stable LOAD Generator
Unit 1 OR Unit 4 feed 150 kV IBT of Suralaya ISLAND LOAD should be between 700 – 900 MW
Unit 5, 6 & 7 feed 500 kV Gandul & Cilegon Baru Unit 2,3 TRIP
Unit 6 HOUSE LOAD
Operasi dan Rawat PLTU 23
Keep 2000 MW still ONLINE
 Perhitungn hubung singkat dan …

EKL28PerHUBUNGSINGKAT.doc

EKL33NegatipGen.doc

Operasi dan Rawat PLTU 24

 Inrush Current Characteristic
(Motor Starting Analyze)

2,500
2,375 CEP start SU-BFP start
2,250 Is = 7,14 x In ID Fan start
Is = 8,49 x In Is = 9,26 x In
2,125
2,000
Current (Amperes) at 10,5 kV

1,875
FD Fan start
1,750
CWP start Is = 9 x In
1,625
1,500
Is = 4,82 x
In
1,375
1,250
1,125
1,000
875
750
625 C3WP

500
375
250
125
0

Time (Second)

Operasi dan Rawat PLTU 25

Station Service Transformer Bus Drop Voltage Simulation by
ETAP 3.0.1)

CWP
start
CEP start
SU-BFP start
FD Fan start
ID Fan start

82% Vn UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY LIMIT

(27)

Operasi dan Rawat PLTU 26

..\Ceramah\Yogya2003\Peper&Prese
ntation\1_LoadShedAndRest-sambod
o.ppt

Operasi dan Rawat PLTU 27

Terima kasih

Operasi dan Rawat PLTU 28