Learning Issues

405200037 – Fanuel Victor S

Review
DOGMA
SENTRAL
STRUKTUR
DNA & FUNGSI REPLIKASI

GEN
TRANSKRIPS
mRNA I

STRUKTUR
RNA & FUNGSI tRNA TRANSLASI

rRNA
Learning Issues
1. MM mengetahui struktur dan perbedaan DNA dan RNA
2. MM mengetahui proses dan faktor yang mempengaruhi
replikasi, transkripsi & translasi
3. MM istilah dogma sentral
LI 1.Struktur dan Perbedaan DNA dan RNA

DNA(Deoxyribonucleic acid) RNA(Ribonucleic acid)

Fungsi : Fungsi :
 Untuk menyimpan  Mentransfer kode genetik
informasi genetik & sbg dari nukleus ke ribosom
peralihan untuk membuat untuk membuat protein.
sel & organisme baru  Mengirim informasi
 Terdapat di nukelus genetik & merupakan
molekuk yg dipakai untuk
menyimpan blueprint dari
organisme primitif
 Terdapat di sitoplasma
Struktur

Images : Gabli Slizewska

Struktur (lanjutan)

DNA RNA
•tRNA
•mRNA
•rRNA

https://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-
https://cm.jefferson.edu/learn/dna- 2-molecular-biology/26-structure-of-dna-and-
and-rna/ rna/types-of-rna.html
 Struktur
mRNA
 Struktur : RNA berantai tunggal
 Asal : nukleus
 Fungsi : pembawa informasi genetik dari DNA inti yg
akan translasi u/ mensintesis polipeptida
 tRNA

 Struktur : seutas molekul untai RNA

tunggal yg panjangnya sekitar 80
nukelotida
 Asal : nukleus (nantinya akan
berpindah ke sitoplasma u/ proses
translasi). (Reece dkk, 2008).
 Fungsi : transfer asam amino dari
kolam asam amino sitoplasmanya ke
ribosom
 rRNA
 Struktur : Molekul utama penyusun ribosom
 Asal : Nukleus melalui proses transkripsi dgn enzim RNA
polymerase I (tidak untuk 5S, unit ini disintesis dgn enzim
Polymerase III ). (Reece,dkk. 2012)
 Fungsi :katalis (tdk membawa pesan genetik), sbg tmpt sintesis
polipeptida, validasi kode triplet basa nitrogen yg akan
ditranslasi oleh ribosom (Solomon,dkk 2008)
 DNA
Double-stranded molecule
consisting of a long chain of
nucleotides.
The bases present in DNA are
adenine, guanine, cytosine and
thymine.
DNA is self-replicating.
Base Pairing : Adenine, Thymine,
Guanine & Cytosine
Purine and Pyrimidine bases are
equal in number.
DNA is susceptible to UV damage.
DNA is found in the nucleus of a
cell and in mitochondria.
RNA
A single-strand helix consisting of
shorter chains of nucleotides.
The bases present in RNA are
adenine, guanine, cytosine and
uracil.
RNA is synthesized from DNA on
an as-needed basis.
Base Pairing :Adenine, Uracil,
Guanine & Cytosine
There is no proportionality in
between the number of Purine and
Pyrimidine bases.
Relatively resistant to UV damage.
Depending on the type of RNA, this
molecule is found in a cell’s nucleus,
its cytoplasm, and its ribosome.
 DNA
Can’t leave the nucleus.
The C-H bonds in DNA make it fairly
stable, plus the body destroys enzymes
that would attack DNA. The small grooves
in the helix also serve as protection,
providing minimal space for enzymes to
attach.
DNA is only two types: intra nuclear and
extra nuclear.
Long lived.
DNA is only two types: intra nuclear and
extra nuclear.
Its quantity is fixed for cell.
RNA
Leaves the nucleus (mRNA).
The O-H bond in the ribose of RNA
makes the molecule more reactive,
compared with DNA. RNA is not stable
under alkaline conditions, plus the large
grooves in the molecule make it
susceptible to enzyme attack.
Three different types of RNA: m-RNA, t-
RNA and r-RNA.
Some RNAs are very short lived while
others have somewhat longer life.
Three different types of RNA: m-RNA, t-
RNA and r-RNA.
The quantity of RNA of a cell is variable.
LI 2. Proses dan Faktor yang Mempengaruhi
Replikasi, Transkripsi & Translasi

Replikasi DNA

https://www.mechanobio.info/genome-regulation/how-is-dna-replicated/
Transkripsi

https://cm.jefferson.edu/learn/dna-and-rna/
Translasi

https://sites.google.com/site/proteinsynthesistranslation/
home/terms
Perbedaan DNA Eukariota dan Prokariota

https://pediaa.com/
difference-between-
prokaryotic-and-
eukaryotic-dna/
Perbedaan DNA Eukariota dan
Prokariota (Lanjutan)

https://pediaa.com/
difference-between-
prokaryotic-and-
eukaryotic-dna/
Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Proses Replikasi
DNA (Translasi & Transkripsi)
Faktor Pendukung Faktor Penghambat
 Enzim RNA polimerase  Protein reseptor
 Attenuator  Antibiotik Rifampisin
 Enhancer  Antibiotik Streptoglidin
LI 3.Istilah Dogma Sentral
Dogma Sentral (Francis Crick – 1958)

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/gene-expression-central-dogma/central-dogma-transcription/a/
intro-to-gene-expression-central-dogma?modal=1
Referensi
 https://microbiologyinfo.com/differences-between-dna-and-
rna/
 https://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-the-central-dogma
 Reece Jane B, Lisa A.Urry, Michael L.Cain, Neil A.Campbell,
Peter V.Minorsky, Robert B.Jackson, Steven A.Wasserman.
2008. Biology 8th Edition. Jakarta: Erlangga