PERTEMUAN 3-4
Secondary Metabolites are Derived from Primary Metabolites
TERPENOID
Isoprenoid/terpenoid ⇒ metabolit sekunder.
head
tail .
C
C C
C C
isopren Unit isoprena
a
Penyambungan Unit-Unit Isoprena
Head-to-Tail
an extra bond
Head-to-Tail
Tail-to-Tail
• C5 Hemiterpena
• C10 Monoterpena
• C15 Sesquiterpena
• C20 Diterpena
• C25 Sesterterpena
• C30 Triterpena
• C40 Tetraterpenoid
• Politerpenoid
Hemiterpenoid ⇒ senyawa terpenoid yang
dibangun dari 1 unit isopren
Monoterpenoid ⇒ dibangun oleh 2 unit isopren atau
dengan jumlah atom karbon 10 (2 unit C5).
Head-to-Tail
Head-to-Tail
Head-to-Tail
Monoterpenoids
Acyclic
C10 Monocyclic
Bicyclic
Iridoid
(Wulandari R,2007)
• Properties :
- Chemical name : 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-l-ol
- Chemical formula : C10H18O
- Molecular mass : 154.25 g/mol
- Density : 0.889 g/cm3
- Melting point : 15 °C
- Boiling point : 229 °C
- Appears as a clear to pale-yellow oil which is insoluble in water
- Soluble in most common organic solvents
• Produced by :
- Cymbopogon nardus L. GERANIOL???
- R. centifolia (Rosaceae)
• Application :
- has a rose-like odor, for which it is commonly used in perfumes, flavors
- insect repellents or deterrants. Though it may repel mosquitoes, flies, lice,
cockroaches, ants, and ticks
- it is also produced by the scent glands of honey bees to help them mark
nectar-bearing flowers and locate the entrances to their hives
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Geraniol.svg acces on Feb 2 2009, 19.16
• Properties :
- Chemical name : 3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-ol
- Chemical formula : C10H20O
- Molecular mass : 156.27 g/mol
- Density : 0.855 g/cm3
- Boiling point : 225°C
- Aroma : described as sweet, rose, leather, musty, and floralclean
- Visual Description : clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid
• Produced by :
- Tangerine (Citrus reticulata )
- Rosa damascena (Rosaceae)
CITRONELLOL???
- Cymbopogon nardus
• Application :
- Fragrance in soaps, detergents, and bath preparations
- Flavor
- Parfume
- Antiseptic, diurethic
- As an active ingredient in pesticide product
• Properties :
- Chemical name : 1-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-yl-cyclohexene
- Synonyms : 4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene
- Racemic : DL-limonene; dipentene
- Chemical formula : C10H16
- Molecular mass : 136.24 g/mol
- Density : 0.8411 g/cm3
- Melting point : 95.0°C
- Boiling point : 175.5°C
- Solubility : 0.1
LIMONENE
- Refractive index : 1.4730
- Flash point : 50°C
• Produced by :
- Tangerine (Citrus reticulata )
- Citrus aurantium ssp. bergamia (Rutaceae)
- Carum carvi (Umbiliferae/Apiaceae)
- Citrus limon (Rutaceae)
• Produced by :
- Mentha piperita (Labiatae/Lamiaceae)
- Mentha arvensis
http://acompoundaday.blogspot.com/2008/10/menthol.html
Properties :
Systematic name : (1S,5S-2,6,6-trimethyl
bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene((−)-Pinene)
- Molecular formula : C10H16
- Molar mass : 136.23 g/mol
- Appearance : Clear, colourless liquid
- Density and phase : 0.858 g/mL, liquid at 20°C
- Solubility in water : very low
- Solubility in acetic acid : miscible
• Produced by :
- Junniperus communis (Cupressaceae)
- Rosmarinus officinalis (Labiatae/Lamiaceae)
- Helychrise gymnocephalum
Properties :
Systematic name :1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo
[2.2.1]heptan-2-one
Other names : 2-bornanone, 2-camphanone
bornan-2-one, Formosa
- Molecular formula : C10H16O
- Molar mass : 152.23 g/mol
- Appearance : White or colourless crystals
- Density and phase : 0.990, solid
- Solubility in water : 0.12 g in 100 mL
- Solubility in acetic acid : ~200 g in 100 mL
Produced by :
Cinnamomum camphora (Lauraceae)
Rosmarinus officinalis (Labiatae/Lamiaceae)
Salvia officinalis (Labiatae/Lamiaceae)
Camphor Rose
Umumnya ditemukan sebagai glikosida
• Secologanin
www.mobot.org/.../top/chemicals/secologanin.gif
⮚ Rempah-rempah
⮚ Bahan dasar wewangian (Parfum)
⮚ Bahan citra rasa (industri makanan)
⮚ Obat-obatan (ekspektoran)
⮚ Antiseptik
⮚ Sedatif
⮚ Plasmolitik
Monoterpenes (C10)
Seskuiterpenoid ⇒ dibangun oleh 3 unit isopren (kerangka
asiklik dan bisiklik dengan kerangka dasar naftalena).
Head-to-Tail
Head-to-Tail
Head-to-Tail
⮚ Bahan aromatik
⮚ Bahan dasar wewangian (Parfum)
⮚ Bahan citra rasa (industri makanan)
⮚ Pestisida/insektida
Sesquiterpenes
(C15)
Diterpenoid ⇒ mempunyai 20 atom karbon dan
dibangun oleh 4 unit isopren.
Head-to-Tail Head-to-Tail
Senyawa ini mempunyai bioaktifitas sebagai:
⮚ Hormon pertumbuhan tanaman,
⮚ Inhibitor pertumbuhan tanaman,
⮚ Antifeedant serangga,
⮚ Inhibitor tumor,
⮚ Senyawa pemanis,
⮚ Obat migran
⮚ Obat kanker
⮚ Anti fouling, dan anti karsinogenik.
Diterpenes (C20)
Sesterpenoid ⇒ mempunyai 25 atom karbon/ 5
unit isopren
ACYCLIC CYCLIC
SQUALENE LUPEOL
Senyawa ini digunakan sebagai:
⮚ Komponen aktif obat-obatan
⮚ Obat antidiabetes
⮚ Obat Gangguan kulit,
⮚ Obat Kerusakan hati
⮚ Obat Malaria
⮚ Insektisida
⮚ Obat antifertilasi pria (gosipol)
Triterpenoids (C30)
Tetraterpenoid ⇒ mempunyai 40 atom karbon
dan dibangun oleh 8 unit isopren.