Penerapan Al Qowa'Id Fiqhiyyah-Al Ushuliyyah Muamalah-Final (LAPTOP-P0E6TCGI's Conflicted Copy 2023-09-29)
Penerapan Al Qowa'Id Fiqhiyyah-Al Ushuliyyah Muamalah-Final (LAPTOP-P0E6TCGI's Conflicted Copy 2023-09-29)
#Prog-Doktoral -Pascasarjana
Mata Kuliah AL QOWA’ID AL USHULIYYAH
LEGAL MAXIM @3 SKS
َو ِإۡذ َيۡر َفُع ِإۡب َٰر ِه ٱۡل َقَو اِع َد ِم َن ٱۡل َبۡي ِت َو ِإۡس َٰم ِع يُل َر َّبَنا َتَقَّبۡل ِم َّنۖٓا ِإَّنَك
َأنَت ٱلَّس ِم يُع ٱۡل َعِليُم
Dan (ingatlah), ketika Ibrahim meninggikan (membina) dasar-dasar
Baitullah bersama Ismail (seraya berdoa): "Ya Tuhan kami terimalah
daripada kami (amalan kami), sesungguhnya Engkaulah Yang Maha
Mendengar lagi Maha Mengetahui"..
Fiqhiyyah
Al-Jurjani (W. 816 H)
02 Ketentuan universal yang bersesuaian dengan
seluruh bagian-bagiannya (dalam kitab al-Ta’rifat )
Qawa’id
dengan rumusan hukum beralasan bahwa;
Fiqhiyyah
mengatur tentang hukum-hukum syara’ sehingga tepat
sekali apabila didefinisikan sebagai hukum, karena
memang mengandung hukum-hukum syara’
Fiqhiyyah
Sumber : Mu’jam al-lughah al-‘arabiyah, Mu’jam al-lughah al-‘Arabiyah, Mu’jam al-Wajid, t.tp.Wuzarah al
Tarbiyah wa al-Ta’lim, t.th. h. 509 dalam Fathurrahman Azhari, Qawa’id Fighiyyah Muamalah, h.1
Secara etimologi qawa’id ushuliyah terdiri dari dua term yang saling
berkaitan, yaitu qawa’id dan ushuliyah
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pengertian
• Qaidah ( ) قاعدة jamaknya Qawaid () قواعد
Qawa’id Qaidah/Kaidah : asas, landasan, dasar atau fondasi
Ushuliyyah Dalam kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, arti kaidah yaitu rumusan asas
yang menjadi hukum; aturan yang sudah pasti, patokan; dalil .
• Kata Ushuliyyah berasal dari kata ashl (......) memiliki arti pokok atau
fundamental
Ushuliyyah meliputi :
1. Dasar Formil
2. Dasar Materil
Sumber : Mu’jam al-lughah al-‘arabiyah, Mu’jam al-lughah al-‘Arabiyah, Mu’jam al-Wajid, t.tp.Wuzarah al
Tarbiyah wa al-Ta’lim, t.th. h. 509 dalam Fathurrahman Azhari, Qawa’id Fighiyyah Muamalah, h.1
Dasar dasar 1. Dasar Formil
Pengambilan Hukum-hukum furu’ yang ada dalam untaian satu qaidah yang
memuat satu masalah tertentu, ditetapkan atas dasar nash,
baik dari al-Quran maupun Sunnah. Seperti dari Firman Allah
وَم ٓا ُاِم ُر ْٓو ا ِااَّل ِلَيْع ُبُد وا َهّٰللا ُم ْخ ِلِص ْيَن َلُه الِّدْيَن ۙە ُح َنَفۤا َء َو ُيِقْيُم وا الَّص ٰل وَة
Ushuliyyah َو ُيْؤ ُتوا الَّز ٰك وَة َو ٰذ ِلَك ِد ْيُن اْلَقِّيَم ِۗة
Artinya : Padahal mereka tidak disuruh kecuali supaya menyembah Allah
dengan memurnikan ketaatan kepada-Nya dalam (menjalankan) agama yang
lurus, dan supaya mereka mendirikan shalat dan menunaikan zakat; dan yang
demikian Itulah agama yang lurus
Sumber : Mu’jam al-lughah al-‘arabiyah, Mu’jam al-lughah al-‘Arabiyah, Mu’jam al-Wajid, t.tp.Wuzarah al
Tarbiyah wa al-Ta’lim, t.th. h. 509 dalam Fathurrahman Azhari, Qawa’id Fighiyyah Muamalah, h.1
Dasar dasar Hadis Nabi Muhammad SAW.:
انما األ عمال بالنيات
Pengambilan Sesungguhnya segala amal itu tergantung pada niatnya
Di-istimbat-kan hukum berdasarkan niat untuk setiap
Ushuliyyah
dirumuskannya qaidah fiqhiyyah:
االمور بمقا صد ها
Setiap perkara tergantung kepada maksud mengerjakannya
Jadi perumusan qaidah fiqhiyyah itu berdasarkan pada al-
Quran dan Sunnah dalam rangka untuk mempermudah
pelaksanaan istinbath dan ijtihad.
Sumber : Mu’jam al-lughah al-‘arabiyah, Mu’jam al-lughah al-‘Arabiyah, Mu’jam al-Wajid, t.tp.Wuzarah al
Tarbiyah wa al-Ta’lim, t.th. h. 509 dalam Fathurrahman Azhari, Qawa’id Fighiyyah Muamalah, h.1
2. Dasar Materiil
Dasar materiil atau bahan-bahan yang dijadikan rumusan
Dasar dasar qaidah, Para ulama adakalanya mengambil dari sebuah Hadis,
seperti qaidah yang berbunyi:
Pengambilan الضرر يزال
Qawa’id
Kemudharatan itu harus dihilangkan
Qaidah tersebut berasal dari Hadis Rasulullah Muhammad
SAW.;
(ال ضرر وال ضرار )رواه ابن ما جه
Ushuliyyah Tidak boleh membuat mudlarat diri sendiri dan tidak boleh
memudharatkan orang lain.
Qaidah yang berasal dari Hadis tersebut berlaku untuk semua
bidang hukum, baik ibadah, muamalah, munakahat maupun
jinayat. Disamping qaidah fiqhiyyah yang dirumuskan dari
lafazh Hadis, seperti tersebut di atas, maka dapat dipastikan
bahwa qaidah fiqhiyyah itu hasil perumusan ulama.
Sumber : Mu’jam al-lughah al-‘arabiyah, Mu’jam al-lughah al-‘Arabiyah, Mu’jam al-Wajid, t.tp.Wuzarah al
Tarbiyah wa al-Ta’lim, t.th. h. 509 dalam Fathurrahman Azhari, Qawa’id Fighiyyah Muamalah, h.1
PENERAPAN QAIDAH BIDANG MUAMALAH
Jika barang yang diterima tidak sesuai dengan Minuman/Makanan Dalam Kemasan
permintaan maka konsumen memiliki
hak untuk menerima atau menolak barang
Diperbolehkannya hanya dengan melihat dari luar, melihat
tersebut. Karena sifatnya yang mengikat, maka label atau tulisan,
pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam kontrak terlibat hanya melihat apa yang mungkin dapat dilihat, seperti
dalam kontrak terikat dengan semua kewajiban menjual apa yang ada dalam
dan konsekuensi yang timbul dari kesepakatan kaleng/botol, apa yang dimakan ada di dalamnya dan lain-
mereka. Dengan kata lain, pihak-pihak yang lain. Maka pendapat yang benar
terlibat tidak perlu memperbaharui ijab-kabul adalah dibolehkan jual beli seperti itu disertai adanya
setelah barang itu selesai. Inilah perbedaannya gharar yasir (ketidakjelasan yang
dengan kontrak murabahah kepada pemesan ringan (sedikit), karena jual beli ini membawa maslahat
pembelian, yang menghendaki tanda tangan bagi manusia.Berkenaan dengan
makanan yang ada dalam kaleng atau botol jika dibuka
kontrak jual-beli melalui ijab kabul yang baru oleh
tutup kalengnya, atau tutup
pihak-pihak yang terlibat ketika kepemilikan botolnya, tentu makanan atau minuman yang ada di
barang yang akan dijual diambil oleh institusi.. dalamnya akan menjadi rusak. Untuk
kemaslahatan agar makanan itu tidak rusak, maka
dibolehkan (sah) jual beli hanya melihat
apa yang dapat dilihat, yaitu yang di luarnya saja, dengan
tulisan, label dan lain-lain, dengan
tidak melihat langsung makanan atau minuman itu
PENERAPAN QAIDAH FIQHIYYAH DALAM MUAMALAH
اْلَغْر ُم ِباْلَغ ْنِم
Resiko itu sejalan dengan keuntungan
Terbitnya,
Surat Keputusan Menteri Agama Nomor 494 Tahun 2020
dan Surat Keputusan Menteri Agama Nomor 660 Tahun 2021
tentang pembatalan jemaah haji Indonesia
Yang atas didasari oleh menjaga jiwa (hifzh nafs) masyarakat Indonesia dari
pandemi Covid-19
PENERAPAN QAIDAH USHULIYYAH DALAM MUAMALAH
QS Al-Maidah ayat 32
“Barangsiapa yang memelihara kehidupan
seorang manusia, maka seakan-akan dia
telah memelihara kehidupan seluruh manusia.”
Keputusan Menteri Agama Nomor 494 Tahun 2020 dan Surat Keputusan Menteri Agama Nomor 660 Tahun 2
Hadis Nabi Muhammad saw
“Jika kamu mendapatkan informasi
tentang adanya wabah di suatuwilayah, maka
janganlah kalian masuk ke wilayah tersebut.
Tetapi, jika wabah itu berada di tempat tinggal
kamu, maka jangan tinggalkan tempat
tinggalmu”(HR. al-Bukhari).
Secara etimologi qawa’id ushuliyah terdiri dari dua term yang saling berkaitan, yaitu qawa’id dan ushuliyah.
Qawa’id bentuk jamak dari qa’idatun yang memiliki arti pondasi atau dasar. Sedangkan ushuliyah merupakan jamak dari ashl memiliki arti pokok atau fundamental.
Berdasarkan makna dari kedua kata tersebut, qawa’id ushuliyah dapat diartikan sebagai dasar atau pondasi hukum terhadap sesuatu yang bersifat universal dan fundamental
UIN َاْلَحْم ُد ِهّٰلِل َر ِّب اْلٰع َلِم ْيَۙن
SUNAN GUNUNG DJATI BANDUNG
#Prog-Doktoral -Pascasarjana
Mata Kuliah SEKIAN
LEGAL MAXIM @3 SKS TERIMAKASIH
KONSENTRASI
HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH
AL QOWA’ID FIQHIYYAH &
September@2023 AL OQWA’ID AL USHULIYYAH
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