PS – S1 GIZI

Topik-3 FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN

PENDIDIKAN GIZI UNIVERSITAS PAHLAWAN TUANKU
Semester 5 – 2023/2024 TAMBUSAI
 THE HEALTH BELIEF MODEL:
PERANNYA DALAM PENDIDIKAN GIZI
TUJUAN
Mahasiswa memiliki kemampuan dasar tentang the Health Belief
Model sebagai pendekatan dalam pendidikan gizi

OUTLINE
• Teori dan Riset terkait Motivasi
• Konsep Health Belief Model
 Penerapan Health Belief Model dalam Pendidikan Gizi
REFERENCES
• Contento, IR. 2011. Nutrition Education. Linking Research, Theory, and
Practice. 2ndEd. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. MA.
• Glanz K, Rimer BK, Viswanath K. (Ed). 2008. Health Behavior and Health
Education. Theory, Research, and Practice. 4th Edition. San Francisco
(US). Jossey-Bass. A Wiley Imprint.
• Snelling A. 2014. Introduction of Health Promotion. San Fransisco (US):
Jossey-Bass A Wiley Brand.
Conceptual framework for nutrition education
Behavioral Change Models
1. The Health Belief Model
2. The Theory of Planned Behavior
3. Diffusion of Innovation Theory
4. The Social Cognitive Theory
5. The Transtheoretical Model (Stages of
Change)
6. Social Norms Theory

(Wayne W. LaMorte, MD, PhD, MPH/

Boston University School of Public Health.
2019)
 THEORY AND RESEARCH:
INCREASING AWARENES AND
ENHANCING MOTIVATION
(Contento 2011)

1. Health belief model

2. Adoption process model
3. Theory of planned behavior and Extensions
 HEALTH BELIEVE MODEL
Model kepercayaan/keyakinan terhadap kesehatan yang
menyatakan bahwa keyakinan orang akan mempengaruhi
tindakan yang berhubungan dengan perilaku kesehatan.
Model ini merupakan suatu kerangka kerja untuk
memahami kesiapan psikis individu atau niat seseorang
untuk mengambil tindakan kesehatan yang diberikan.
HEALTH BELIEVE MODEL

Health belief model dikembangkan secara spesifik untuk

memahami perilaku sehat.
 Kontruksi utama health belief model adalah membangun
suatu belief dengan memperlihatkan threat/ancaman,
memperlihatkan keuntungan, dan barrier.
Model tersebut telah terbukti sangat penting dan secara luas
dapat digunakan untuk intervensi.
 Construct/Konstruksi
HEALTH BELIEF MODEL

1. Perceived susceptibility - This refers to a person's subjective perception of the

risk of acquiring an illness or disease. There is wide variation in a person's
feelings of personal vulnerability to an illness or disease.
2. Perceived severity - This refers to a person's feelings on the seriousness of
contracting an illness or disease (or leaving the illness or disease untreated).
There is wide variation in a person's feelings of severity, and often a person
considers the medical consequences (e.g., death, disability) and social
consequences (e.g., family life, social relationships) when evaluating the
severity.
3. Perceived benefits - This refers to a person's perception of the effectiveness of
various actions available to reduce the threat of illness or disease (or to cure
illness or disease). The course of action a person takes in preventing (or curing)
illness or disease relies on consideration and evaluation of both perceived
susceptibility and perceived benefit, such that the person would accept the
recommended health action if it was perceived as beneficial.
 Construct/Konstruksi
HEALTH BELIEF MODEL

4. Perceived barriers - This refers to a person's feelings on the obstacles to

performing a recommended health action. There is wide variation in a
person's feelings of barriers, or impediments, which lead to a cost/benefit
analysis. The person weighs the effectiveness of the actions against the
perceptions that it may be expensive, dangerous (e.g., side effects),
unpleasant (e.g., painful), time-consuming, or inconvenient.
5. Cue to action - This is the stimulus needed to trigger the decision-making
process to accept a recommended health action. These cues can be
internal (e.g., chest pains, wheezing, etc.) or external (e.g., advice from
others, illness of family member, newspaper article, etc.).
6. Self-efficacy - This refers to the level of a person's confidence in his or her
ability to successfully perform a behavior. This construct was added to the
model most recently in mid-1980. Self-efficacy is a construct in many
behavioral theories as it directly relates to whether a person performs the
desired behavior.
Health Belief Model: Concepts for Nutrition
Education Interventions
 Health Belief Model: Concepts and Implications for Nutrition
Education Interventions
Contruct of Theory
Perceived severity

Perceived
susceptibility
Perceived benefits

Perceived barriers

Self-efficacy

Cues to action
HEALTH BELIEVE MODEL
Kekuatan dari Health Belief Model : model tersebut dibangun
berdasarkan kenyataan bahwa pada saat individu memiliki
pengalaman bahwa dirinya terancam terhadap hal yang terkait
dengan kondisi kesehatannya, maka individu tersebut akan
mengambil tindakan untuk mengatasinya.
Namun, tindakan tersebut hanya akan dilakukan bila akan
memberikan keuntungan untuk mengatasi barrier, kenyataan,
dan psikologis.
 HEALTH BELIEVE MODEL
Keterbatasan dari Health Belief Model :
Beberapa keterbatasan HBM dalam kegunaannya di Kesehatan masyarakat:
1. Tidak mempertimbangkan attitudes, beliefs, atau faktor-faktor personal
seseorang yang “memerintahkan/dictate” penerimaan terhadap perilaku.
2. Tidak mempertimbangkan perilaku yang merupakan habit, misalnya merokok
3. Tidak mempertimbangkan perilaku yang tidak terkait dengan kesehatan
misalnya penerimaan sosial.
4. Tidak mempertimbangkan faktor lingkungan dan ekonomi yang mungkin bisa
menghambat atau memperlancar action yang disarankan.
5. Diasumsikan bahwa setiap orang mempunyai akses yang sama terhadap
informasi tentang penyakit.
6. It assumes that cues to action are widely prevalent in encouraging people to
act and that "health" actions are the main goal in the decision-making process.
 PENERAPAN HEALTH BELIEF MODEL
Dalam Intervensi Edukasi F&V= fruits and Vegetables
 Health Belief Model: Concepts and Implications for Nutrition
Education Interventions
Contruct of Theory
Perceived severity

Perceived
susceptibility
Perceived benefits

Perceived barriers

Self-efficacy

Cues to action
TERIMA KASIH