Assembly
PROSES PENGUBAHAN BENTUK LOGAM
Pengertian Dasar
Tujuan:
Mendapatkan produk logam dengan bentuk yang
diinginkan
Mendapatkan sifat-sifat mekanis tertentu yang dibutuhkan:
kekerasan
kekuatan tarik
keuletan
sifat-sifat permukaan, dan lain-lain.
CONTOH PRODUK
PEMBENTUKAN LOGAM
induced
Wire drawing
pull
induced
reaction
induced applied
reaction
reaction
Deep drawing
applied
applied
reaction
Klasifikasi Proses Pembentukan Logam Menurut Sistem Gaya
PENEKANAN LANGSUNG
applied hammer
induced forging
induced
applied anvil
induced
applied
rolling induced
extrusion
PROSES PENGUBAHAN BENTUK LOGAM
SEBAGAI SEBUAH “SISTEM” MEMPELAJARI
FAKTOR EKONOMIS.
Casting
Forming
Plastics processing
Cutting
Joining
Surface treatment
PEMAHAMAN DASAR
PEMBENTUKAN LOGAM
Other factors:
Strain rate/laju regangan dan friction/gesekan
BULK DEFORMATION
PROCESSES
mengalami significant deformations dan massive
shape changes
Pengertian "Bulk" adalah benda kerja/workparts
dengan rasio surface area‑to‑volume kecil
Bentuk awal benda kerja berupa cylindrical billets
dan rectangular bars
Basic bulk deformation processes: (a) rolling
Basic bulk deformation processes: (b) forging
Basic bulk deformation processes: (c) extrusion
Basic bulk deformation processes: (d) drawing
PRILAKU MATERIAL PADA METAL
FORMING
Dasarnya dari grafik tegangan-regangan
Plastic region of stress-strain curve is primary interest because material is
plastically deformed
In plastic region, metal's behavior is expressed by the flow curve:
n
K
where K = strength coefficient; and n = strain hardening exponent
• Stress and strain in flow curve are true stress and true strain
STRESS STRAIN DIAGRAM –
MATERIALS SELECTION
FLOW STRESS/ALIRAN
TEGANGAN
Yf K n
where Yf = flow stress, that is, the yield strength as a function of strain
TEMPERATUR PADA METAL
FORMING
Pada logam, nilai K dan n pada kurfa tegangan regangan dipengaruhi
temperature
Warm working is metal forming at temperatures above the room temperature but bellow the
recrystallization one.
Advantages: lower forces and power, more complex part shapes, no annealing is required.
Disadvantages: some investment in furnaces is needed.
Hot working involves deformation of preheated material at temperatures above the re crystallization
temperature.
Advantages: big amount of forming is possible, lower forces and power are required, forming
of materials with low ductility, no work hardening and therefore, no additional annealing is required.
Disadvantages: lower accuracy and surface finish, higher production cost, and shorter tool life.
FRICTION PADA METAL
FORMING
Kebanyakan pada metal forming processes, friction tidak diinginkan:
Metal flow tertahan
Forces dan power meningkat
Wears tooling faster/keausan perkakas cepat