+ +
=
+ + + + + +
=
o
o
Fraction (o) of EDTA in the form Y
4-
:
where [EDTA] is the total concentration of all free EDTA species in solution
} ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] {[
2 3 4 5 6
6 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 3 2 1 2 1 1
6 5 4 3 2 1
Y
K K K K K K K K K K K H K K K K H K K K H K K H K H H
K K K K K K
4
+ + + + + +
=
+ + + + + +
o
o
Y4-
is depended on the pH of the solution
EDTA Acid-Base Forms
EDTA Complexes
The basic form of EDTA (Y
4-
) reacts with most metal ions to form a 1:1 complex.
- Other forms of EDTA will also chelate metal ions
Recall: the concentration of Y
4-
and the total concentration of EDTA is solution
[EDTA] are related as follows:
] ][ [
] [
+
=
4 n
4 n-
f
Y M
MY
K
Note: This reaction only involves Y
4-
, but not the other forms of EDTA
| | EDTA Y
4
Y
4
=
o ] [
where o
Y4-
is dependent on pH
EDTA Acid-Base Forms
EDTA Complexes
The basic form of EDTA (Y
4-
) reacts with most metal ions to form a 1:1 complex.
EDTA Acid-Base Forms
EDTA Complexes
Substitute [Y
4-
] into K
f
equation
If pH is fixed by a buffer, then o
Y4-
is a constant that can be combined with K
f
] ][ [
] [
+
=
4 n
4 n-
f
Y M
MY
K
| | EDTA Y
4
Y
4
=
o ] [
] [ ] [
] [
- 4
Y
EDTA M
MY
K
n
4 n-
f
o
+
=
where [EDTA] is the total
concentration of EDTA added to
the solution not bound to metal
ions
] ][ [
] [
- 4
Y
EDTA M
MY
K K K
n
4 n-
f
'
f
+
= = = o
Conditional or effective formation constant:
(at a given pH)
EDTA Acid-Base Forms
EDTA Complexes
Assumes the uncomplexed EDTA were all in one form
- 4
Y
o
f
'
f
K K =
at any pH, we can find o
Y4-
and evaluate K
f
EDTA Titrations
EDTA
5.) pH Limitation
Note that the metal EDTA complex becomes less stable as pH decreases
- K
f
decreases
- [Fe
3+
] = 5.4x10
-7
at pH 2.0 -> [Fe
3+
] = 1.4x10
-12
at pH 8.0
In order to get a complete titration (K
f
10
6
), EDTA requires a certain minimum pH
for the titration of each metal ion
End Point becomes less distinct as pH is lowered,
limiting the utility of EDTA as a titrant
Titrasi Kompleksometri
EDTA dapat mengkompleks banyak ion logam.
Sekitar 40 kation dapat ditetapkan kadarnya
dengan titrasi langsung (direct titration).
EDTA biasanya digunakan dalam bentuk garam
disodium / dinatrium, Na
2
H
2
EDTA
H
2
EDTA
2-
+ M
2+
[M(EDTA)]
2-
+ 2H
+
Titrasi Kompleksometri
Karena EDTA dapat membentuk kompleks
dengan banyak kation, maka kadang menjadi
berkurang selektivitasnya.
Namun demikian, pengaturan pH dan pemilihan
indikator yang sesuai dapat mengatasi hal
tersebut.
pH Limitation
By adjusting the pH of an EDTA titration:
one type of metal ion (e.g. Fe
3+
) can be titrated without
interference from others (e.g. Ca
2+
)
Minimum pH for Effective
Titration of Metal Ions
EDTA Titration Curves
1.) Titration Curve
The titration of a metal ion with EDTA is similar to the titration of a strong acid (M
+
) with
a weak base (EDTA)
The Titration Curve has three distinct regions:
- Before the equivalence point (excess M
n+
)
- At the equivalence point ([EDTA]=[M
n+
]
- After the equivalence point (excess EDTA)
- 4
Y
o
f
'
f
K K =
] [
+
=
n
M log pM
EDTA Titration Curves
EDTA Titration Curves
2.) Example
What is the value of [M
n+
] and pM for 50.0 ml of a 0.0500 M Mg
2+
solution buffered at
pH 10.00 and titrated with 0.0500 M EDTA when (a) 5.0 mL, (b) 50.0 mL and (c) 51.0
mL EDTA is added?
K
f
= 10
8.79
= 6.2x10
8
o
Y4-
at pH 10.0 = 0.30
( )( ) ( ) mL 00 . 50 V ) M 0500 . 0 ( mL 00 . 5 M 0500 . 0 ) mL ( V
e e
= =
mL EDTA at equivalence point:
mmol of EDTA
mmol of Mg
2+
EDTA Titration Curves
EDTA Titration Curves
2.) Example
(a) Before Equivalence Point ( 5.0 mL of EDTA)
Before the equivalence point, the [M
n+
] is equal to the concentration of excess
unreacted M
n+
. Dissociation of MY
n-4
is negligible.
] [
)] )( ( - ) )( [(
] [
L 0050 . 0 L 0500 . 0
L 0050 . 0 M EDTA 0500 . 0 L 0500 . 0 M Mg 0500 . 0
Mg
2
2
+
=
+
+
moles of Mg
2+
originally present
moles of EDTA added
Original volume
solution
Volume titrant
added
39 . 1 Mg log pMg M 0409 . 0 Mg
2 2 2
= = =
+ + +
] [ ] [
Dilution effect
EDTA Titration Curves
EDTA Titration Curves
2.) Example
(b) At Equivalence Point ( 50.0 mL of EDTA)
Virtually all of the metal ion is now in the form MgY
2-
) (
) (
) ( ] [
L 0500 . 0 L 0500 . 0
L 0500 . 0
M 0500 . 0 MgY
2
+
=
Original [M
n+
]
Original volume of
M
n+
solution
Original volume
solution
Volume titrant
added
Dilution effect
Moles Mg
+
moles MgY
2-
M 0250 . 0 MgY
2
=
] [
EDTA Titration Curves
EDTA Titration Curves
2.) Example
(b) At Equivalence Point ( 50.0 mL of EDTA)
The concentration of free Mg
2+
is then calculated as follows:
Initial Concentration (M) 0 0 0.0250
Final Concentration (M) x x 0.0250 - x
] ][ [
] ) [
EDTA Mg
EDTA ( Mg
K K
2
2 -
Y
f
'
4
f +
= =
o
) x )( x (
) x 0250 . 0 (
) 30 . 0 )( 10 2 . 6 (
8
=
Solve for x using the quadratic equation:
94 . 4 pMg 10 16 . 1 EDTA Mg x
2 5 2
= = = =
+ +
] [ ] [
EDTA Titration Curves
EDTA Titration Curves
2.) Example
(c) After the Equivalence Point ( 51.0 mL of EDTA)
Virtually all of the metal ion is now in the form MgY
2-
and there is excess,
unreacted EDTA. A small amount of free M
n+
exists in equilibrium with MgY
4-
and EDTA.
) (
) )( (
] [
L 0510 . 0 L 0500 . 0
L 0010 . 0 M 0500 . 0
EDTA
+
=
Original [EDTA]
Volume excess
titrant
Original volume
solution
Volume titrant
added
Dilution effect
Excess moles EDTA
M 10 95 . 4 EDTA
4
= ] [
Calculate excess [EDTA]:
EDTA Titration Curves
EDTA Titration Curves
2.) Example
(c) After the Equivalence Point ( 51.0 mL of EDTA)
Calculate [MgY
2-
]:
) (
) (
) ( ] [
L 0510 . 0 L 0500 . 0
L 0500 . 0
M 0500 . 0 MgY
2
+
~
Original [M
n+
]
Original volume of
M
n+
solution
Original volume
solution
Volume titrant
added
Dilution effect
Moles Mg
+
moles MgY
2-
M 0248 . 0 MgY
2
~
] [
Only Difference
EDTA Titration Curves
EDTA Titration Curves
2.) Example
(c) After the Equivalence Point ( 51.0 mL of EDTA)
[Mg
2+-
] is given by the equilibrium expression using [EDTA] and [MgY
2-
]:
] ][ [
] ) [
EDTA Mg
EDTA ( Mg
K K
2
2 -
Y
f
'
4
f +
= =
o
) M 10 95 . 4 )( x (
) M 0248 . 0 (
) 30 . 0 )( 10 2 . 6 (
4
8
=
57 . 6 pMg 10 7 . 2 Mg x
2 7 2
= = =
+ +
] [
EDTA Titration Curves
EDTA Titration Curves
2.) Example
Final titration curve for 50.0 ml of 0.0500 M Mg
2+
with 0.0500 m EDTA at pH 10.00.
- Also shown is the titration of 50.0 mL of 0.0500 M Zn
2+
Note: the equivalence point is sharper for Zn
2+
vs.
Mg
2+
. This is due to Zn
2+
having a larger formation
constant.
The completeness of these reactions is dependent
on o
Y4-
and correspondingly pH.
pH is an important factor in setting the completeness and
selectivity of an EDTA titration
EDTA Titrations
Auxiliary Complexing Agents
Metal Hydroxide
In general, as pH increases a titration of a metal ion with EDTA will have a higher K
f
.
- Larger change at the equivalence point.
Exception: If M
n+
reacts with OH
-
to form an insoluble metal hydroxide
Auxiliary Complexing Agents: a ligand can be added that complexes with M
n+
strong
enough to prevent hydroxide formation.
- Ammonia, tartrate, citrate or triethanolamine
- Binds metal weaker than EDTA
f
Zn Y
' '
K K
2 4
f
+
= o o
n
n
2
2 1
M
] L [ ] L [ ] L [ 1
1
| | |
o
+ + +
=
Requires:
Titrasi Kompleksometri
Aplikasi:
Penetapan kadar kation
Kesahadahan air (Hardness of water)