MIKROSKOP POLARISASI
Oleh :
Muh. Chaerul, ST, M.Sc
Tahap Identifikasi
11/13/2013
NIKOL SEJAJAR
1. Warna
Warna
Warna
merupakan
pencerminan
dari
kenampakan daya serap atau absorpsi panjang
gelombang dari cahaya yang masuk pada
mineral anisotropic.
pleokroisme,
belahan,
pecahan,
relief,
indeks
bias
2. Pleokroisme
Gejala perubahan warna mineral pada ortoskop
tanpa nikol atau nikol sejajar bila meja objek
diputar hingga 90, disebut dengan pleokroisme.
Idiokromatik
allokromatik
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Plagioklas subhedral
3. Bentuk Mineral
Klorit anhedral
4. Belahan (Cleavage)
Setiap
mineral
mempunyai
kemampuan
dan
kecenderungan untuk terpisah menjadi bagian yang lebih
kecil. Apabila bidang-bidang tersebut berbentuk lurus
dengan arah tertentu sesuai dengan bentuk kristalnya,
bidang tersebut adalah belahan (cleavage).
Olivin euhedral
Kuarsa
hexagonal
Sanidin Euhedral
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Indeks bias
Indeks bias merupakan fungsi dari perjalanan
sinar di dalam medium yang berbeda.
Relief
Indeks Bias
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The photos show epidote that has filled an amygdule in a highly altered basalt. The color of the epidote is
typical: a sort of off-color yellow-green. The interference colors, too, are classic: various shades of pastels
within individual grains. The opaque material around the amygdule is a mixture of glass, hematite and
chlorite. Note several bubbles introduced when the thin section was made.
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These photos show a large euhedral garnet in a sea of mostly omphacite (a high pressure sodic pyroxene),
titanite, and a few flakes of white mica. The garnet is slightly altered to chlorite along its edges; note the
anomalous interference colors in the XP view. The omphacite is pale green (PP) with interference colors that
range up to first order red (XP). In a few places, where higher-order colors can be seen, the omphacite is
being replaced by hornblende. The titanite crystals are small, have very high relief (PP), and appear as
irregular elongate grains, some of which have acute terminations. Several flakes of white mica are present -they are the clearest grains visible in the PP view.
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Rutile
The views above show several large grains of brownish rutile (PP). The rutile is surrounded by mostly quartz
(on the left and bottom of the photo) and several flakes of clear mica on the right. Rutile has very high
birefringence. Just a hint of high order pastel interference colors can be seen here (XP).
Although not distinctive in these photos, kyanite is present just above the two large rutile grains, and also to
the left of the smaller grain near the center of the field of view. The kyanite has slightly higher relief than
surrounding minerals, but otherwise is hard to pick out. It is clear (PP) and shows first order gray interference
colors (XP).
Epidote-Clinozoisite
Biotite-Sillimanite Schist
The PP view shows biotite in various shades of brown, clear quartz, and light yellow brown twinned rutile.The
rutile is rimmed by an opaque mineral, probably magnetite. Minor sillimanite is present as one high-relief
mass near the right side, just below center. One grain of clear plagioclase is just above the largest rutile. In
the XP view, the large black grain is quartz that happens to be near extinction. Biotite shows typical second
order interference colors. The rutile shows no distinct interference colors because the color of the grain
masks the interference colors.
Nikol Silang
The diamond-shaped original crystal was hornblende but it has been replaced by
other minerals. In PP light, chlorite and epidote both appear light green (but the
chlorite has a more "micaceous" character). Under crossed polars (XP) they are
distinguished because the chlorite shows anomalous green-gray interference colors
while the epidote shows upper second order interference colors. Th opaque mineral is
magnetite; quartz and feldspar surround the amphibole grain.
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Nikol Silang
Identifikasi
Warna Interferensi
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Epidote-Clinozoisite
The diamond-shaped original crystal was hornblende but it has been replaced by
other minerals. In PP light, chlorite and epidote both appear light green (but the
chlorite has a more "micaceous" character). Under crossed polars (XP) they are
distinguished because the chlorite shows anomalous green-gray interference colors
while the epidote shows upper second order interference colors. Th opaque mineral is
magnetite; quartz and feldspar surround the amphibole grain.
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Orientasi optik
Orientasi Optik a)
sumbu-c sejajar
dengan polarisator,
b) putar meja optic
45, c) Jika sumbuc sejajar dengan
sumbu indikatrik
sinar Z maka
orientasi optiknya
length-slow
(Nesse, 1986).
Jenis Gelapan
Gelapan sejajar (paralel), terjadi bila
pemadaman berada pada posisi dimana
sumbu panjang ataupun belahan mineralnya
sejajar sumbu-c dan sejajar pula dengan
benang silang (c ^ X,Z = 0 atau c ^ X,Z =
90. Gelapan ini umumnya terjadi pada
sistem kristal tetragonal, heksagonal,
trigonal,dan ortorombik.
Gelapan simetris, terjadi bila pemadaman
pada posisi simetris (c ^ X, Z = 45).
Umumnya pada sayatan mineral system
orthorombik, monoklin, misalnya pada jenis
mineral piroksin dan amphibol.
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Jenis Gelapan
Jenis-Jenis
Pemadaman
a) Paralel,
b) Miring
c) Simetri
d) Tidak
Mempunyai
Pemadaman
(Nesse, 1986)
Kembaran
Kembaran
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tugas
Diskripsi sifat optik :
Mineral Tektosilikat (Q, K-Feld,
Feldspatoid)
Fotomikroskopis nikol sejajar & silang
Jawab pertanyaan
Tuliskan tujuan mempelajari Mineral Optik dan hubungannya
dengan mata kuliah yang telah saudara pelajari.
2. Mengapa dalam menganalisis sifat optik menggunakan
mikroskop khusus yaitu mikroskop polarisasi?
3. Jelaskan hubungan bagian-bagian mikroskop dengan sifat
optik yang akan ditentukan.
4. Jelaskan cara penentuan batuan atau mineral yang akan
dianalisis sifat optiknya.
5. Jelaskan sifat cahaya jika mengenai medium kristalin, lengkapi
dengan gambar.
6. Jelaskan terjadinya addisi dan substraksi cahaya pada medium
kristalin
7. Jelaskan perbedaan medium isotrop & anisotrop, disertai
dengan contoh mineral
8. Gambar dan jelaskan pembiasan cahaya jika melewati medium
isotrop & anisotrop.
9. Jelaskan perbedaan sumbu-sumbu optik pada mineral uniaxial
dan biaxial.
1.
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