Dari jumlah pekerjaan dan biaya yang dikeluarkan sudah dapat memberikan gambaran
betapa besarnya tanggung jawab departemen piping dalam membangun suatu pabrik,atau
kilang minyak,baik dari segi teknik maupun ekonomi.
Gambar.1.1
Gambar 1.2
Gambar 1.3
Gambar 1.4
Sambungan menggunakan alat penyambungan (fitting)
Berikut ini dapat dilihat beberapa contoh penyambungan pipa dengan pipa yang
menggunakan alat penyambung,untuk mengubah arah aliran atau memperkecil jalur
pipa.
1. Siku (elbow)
Gambar 1.5
Gambar 1.6
Gambar 1.7
2. Te (tee)
Gambar 1.8
Gambar 1.9
3. Pemerkecil (reducer)
Gambar 1.10
Pada rak pipa (pipe rack) disarankan menggunakan eccentric reducer,mengingat bahwa
sambungan pipa dan eccentric reducer satu garis atau sama tinggi bagian dasar
(bawah)nya.
4. Kap (cap)
Gambar 1.11
Gambar 1.12
Sambungan perpipaan secara sambungan ulir atau flens adalah lebih mudah dalam
pelaksanaannya,disbanding sambungan pengelasan.Penyambungan ini dilakukan
pada masing-masing alat yang telah mempunyai pasangannya,hanya tinggal
menetukan jenis ketahanan materialnya terhadap
tekanan,gaya,tegangan,tempratur,korosi aliran dan lenturnya saja.
Sambungan pipa cabang dengan menggunakan olet
Dari segi kekuatan dan teknis,sambungan pipa cabang yang menggunakan olet lebih
kuat dan lebih baik dari sambungan yang menggunakan penguat seperti pelana
(saddle) dan reinforcement),tetapi dari segi ekonomi sambungan olet lebih mahal.
Gambar 1.13
Gamber 1.14
Sambungan sockolet dan pipa secara sok dan di las.
Gamber 1.15
Sambungan threadolet dan pipa secara ulir (threaded)
Gambar 1.16
Sambungan latoret dan pipa dengan pengelasan dan membuat sudut yang umumnya
45 Deg.
Gambar 1.17
Sambungan ellbolet dan pipa dengan pengelasan.aliran dari pipa atau ellbolet pada
satu garis.
CARA PENGUKURAN POSISI SAMBUNGAN PIPA
Pengukuran dan pengaturan posisi sebelum dilakukan pengelasan pada
penyambungan pipa,menggunakan alat ukur :
1. Penyiku (square).
2. Waterpass (spirit level)
3. Mistar (rule)
Setelah posisi dan gap sesuai dengan yang dikehendaki,makapengelasan pun dapat
dikerjakan dengan baik.
Adapun cara-cara tersebut seperti tercantum pada gambar berikut ini :
JENIS-JENIS PIPA,KOMPONEN
SIMBOL-SIMBOL
DAN
PERLENGKAPANNYA SERTA
Pipa-pipa (pipes)
Jenis-jenis flens (flanges)
Jenis-jenis katub (valves)
Jenis-jenis alat penyambungan (fittings)
Jenis-jenis alat-alat sambungan cubing
Jenis-jenis alat-alat sambungan cabang olet
Bagian khusus (special part)
Jenis-jenis gasket
Jenis-jenis baut (boltings)
Berikut
ini akan lebih diperinci mengenai jenis-jenis pipa,komponen dan
perlengkapannya serta symbol-simbolnya.
Pipa-pipa (pipes)
Controlled Copy, Do Not Duplicate
EFW pipe
ERW pipe
Lined pipe
Hose
Tubing
Pipie nipple
So red flange
LPA joint flange
LPA joint flange
Socket type flange
Threaded flange
Stub flange
Weld neck red flange
Gambar 1.33
Untuk kedua penggambaran ini isometriklah yang umum digunakan sebagai
penggambaran bentuk tiga dimensi,karena lebih baik penampilan proyeksinya dan
GASKET PIPA
Ring gasket pada sambungan flens untuk mencegah kebocoran pada setiap
sambungan flens perlu digunakan gasket,baik yang berbentuk oval atau lingkaran
Controlled Copy, Do Not Duplicate
Pipa Utilitas
Pemasangan pipa utilitas ini harus benar-benar direncanakan sehingga kebutuhan utilitas
di proyek dapat terjangkau penggunaannya.Pipa utilitas seperti pipa yang lain haruslah
direncanakan beroperasi pada temperatur dan tekanan berapa.
Controlled Copy, Do Not Duplicate
CONTENTS
POLICY
RESPONSIBILITY
51
57
62
Attachment-1:Abbreviations
POLICY
Corporate procedure shall be used as a reference to this work Instruction
1.
2.
4. RESPONSIBILITY
Piping Dept. Head
Piping Lead Engineer
5.
Title Block
Example : Title Block
(1)
(2)
(3)
Issue Block
Item for Issue Block should be entered.
Revision number Issue letter at the time of issue written.. In case of as built drawing, the
drawing No. rev. number is also entered.
Issued date of
the drawing
6.
Signature of the
Drafter
Signature of the
Designer/
Engineer
Signature of the
Lead Engineer/
Checker
Signature of the
piping
Dept.head/PEM
Example 2 :
Note : within the angle of 30o (shaded in the example 1), letters (or numerals) should be
written in the direction of A.
Beyond the angle of 30o, letters (or numerals) should be written in the direction of B
6.2.1
(1)
(2)
Example 1
62- D A 101
Example 2
62-DA-201
62-DC- 101
For Internal Use Only
First alphabet
Second alphabet
No.
Equipment sharing the same item No. and with the same nozzle information may be
listed the same blank
Example : 62-GA-1014, B
Nozzle No.
Nozzles are to be listed in order of Nos.
The # mark need not be attached.
Nozzle sharing the same No. and with the same nozzle information may be listed in the
same line.
Example : 11A, B
If a nozzle has no identification No. , show its name as follows :
Example :
If a nozzle has neither identification No. nor name listed above, show the fluid symbol of
the piping to be connected with the nozzle in question together with the indication of
INLET or OUTLET.
If No. is assigned to a nozzle in vendors DWG. , use that No.
Nozzle size
For each nozzle in the chart, the size of equipment nozzles should be indicated.
For a full jacketed nozzle, the sizes of both internal and external pipes should be
indicated.
Example :
1
3
Indicated SEE DWG for a special flange and prepare its detail drawings.
Flange class.
Indicate the specifications of flanges
Raised face
RF
Example 2 :
(4)
(5)
(b) For stacked equipment (e.g. heat exchangers), nozzle Nos. should be
shown from top to bottom.
Example :L
(c) Upper and lower nozzles at the same position should be indicated as in
the example 2 above (upper nozzle No, is indicated above the equipment
center line, and lower nozzle No. below the center line).
(6)
(7)
X =Not to be.
(vi)
(8)
(g) For piping parts without line Nos., show their sizes and classes.
6.2.2
Layout in Drawing
20 mm
Indication of Key Plan
14 mm
Desc. Of Notes
DIVIDED AREA
OF
DRAWINGS
Nozzles Chart
TITLE
14 mm
It is required to hold suitable spaces for indications of dimensions, line no. pulling, and match line no.
6.2.3
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Note : (a) Dash line ------------ in case the piping on pipe rack is shown together with
related piping around equipment
(b) Two-dot chain line ------In case the piping on pipe rack is shown separately.
6.2.4
(2)
(b)
General
(a) Structures, whether they are shown on the inside or outside of the
drawing area, are indicated with solid lines
(b) For platforms, floor elevations are indicated.
(c) Column Nos. and column to column dimension are shown on plan
DWG, but need not be shown on section DWG.
(d) Column Nos are so arranged that they are at front ways of the DWG.
(are the example 1 in the following page).
(e) Letters and numerals for column Nos. should be in conformity with
those in plot plans. (Distinction between capital and small letters)
(f) Platforms handrails are not shown on plan DWGs.
(g) For simple structures having column No. (operation platform, for
instance), solumns need not be shown.
Steel structures.
(a) Foundation outlines, columns, main beams and intermediate beams
are shown
(b) Center lines of bracings are shown
(c) Ladder, stairs are shown
(d) Outlines of fire-proof of structures are shown
(e) Floors are shown with corner hatching.
(3)
Concrete structures
(a) Outlines of column, floors and beam are shown.
(b) Cross-section are hatched with three slanting lines.
(c) Equipment pits and oil dikes are shown with the indications of layout
dimensions from reference lines. Their sizes are indicated in
conformity with the plot plan. Unless otherwise specified, wall
thickness are not shown.
(d) Oil basins, cable trenches and drain pits should be shown in DWG,
but their names, sizes and layout dimensions need not be indicated.
(e) Floors are not shown.
Remark :
Where a part of a structure (column, columns foundation, equipment platform, etc)
extends beyond the match line (M.L), the whole outline of the structure should be shown
without being interrupted by M.L. in case of walkways or horizontal beams to be
continued to the other drawing area, however M. L. may interrupt them.
Example 1 :
Example 2 :
Example 1 :
Example 2 :
Example 3 :
(m) Arrows are used to indicate dimensions in the following two ways.
Example :
(ii)
Example :
( c )
Plot dimensions are indicated on upper and left sides of the
drawing area.
Example :
(d)
Where rack pipings are laid across two match lines (or battery
limits), dimensions of piping spacing should be repeatedly
indicated on the both sides.
( i ) Layout dimensions of intermediate beams of rack with equal,
intervals should not be indicated unless piping dimensions
from such the beams are especially to be shown
(ii)
Layout dimensions of intermediate beams with irregular
intervals
should be indicated.
(iii)
For pipings to be continued to another drawing, the
dimensions at
Match Line should be indicated in the same manner in both
drawings.
Example 1 :
The piping dimensions of the parts with
X mark should not be indicated if layout
dimensions of intermediate beams are not shown.
Example 2 :
example 2 :
Example 3 :
Example 3 :
Restriction orifice
Example
drawing.
2 :
c) Valve elevation
Valve elevations are indicated as in the example below. Make the
existence of gasket clear.
Example :
(c)
(2)
(3)
Cross-section of
Example :
(4)
Class break
Example :
(5)
Reducer
(a) For a concentric reducer, only the size is indicated
(b) For a bottom flat eccentric reducer, the size is indicated with an prefix
ECC For a top flat eccentric reducer, (TOP PLAT) is added to the size
and ECC
Example :
(6)
Example
(7)
Hose station
For a hose station, the location (shown in plot plan) and the identification No.
are indicated as in the example below.
Example :
(8)
Cold spring
Example :
(9)
Example 1 : Steel
(10)
(11)
Example 1 :
(12)
Reinforcing pad
(a)
Example :
(13)
Drain pot
A drain pot attached to a header should be shown together with the header in
the same drawing.
Example :
(14)
Spool piece
Example :
(15)
Jacketed piping
(a) The detail of spacer rings, pipe ends and connection pipes of an external
pipe line are shown in separate drawing.
(b) For an external piping, the following parts are shown
( i ) The beginning and end of the line
(c) In isometric dwg, the indication of a double lines is the same as that of a
single
line.
(16)
Traced piping
Regardless of the number of tracers, tracing is indicated with a dotted line.
The extent of tracing should be clearly indicated.
Example :
(17)
Example :
(19)
(2)
General
a) In indicating the line No. elevation (EL) and flow direction arrow of a
piping, pay attention to the space to be reserved for the indication of
support marks on beams etc.
b) The line No., elevation and flow direction arrow should be shown as a set.
Example 1 : In case the space is available on the line
(b)
6.5.7
ii. When more than one assembly of the same type are shown
dispersdly in plan dwg, pick out the one with the smallest line No.
for typical detail dwg.
(7)
(3)
Example 3 :
Indication of dwg 320A to C
Example 4 :
Example 5 :
Indication of dwg 321A to C Indication of dwg 322A
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Traced line
Example :
(7)
Example :
Standard commodities are those piping commodities which are listed in piping
material specification. Other piping commodities are called Special Piping Parts , see
work Instruction no 426-WI-025-04, latest revision.
(1)
(2)
(3) . Temporary strainers are indicated with the special piping nos (symbols need
not be shown).
8.2 Instrument commodity
(1) For instrument commodities, the symbols listed at the Attachement-2 are to
be used. Face to face dimensions should be indicated. For those commodities
which are not listed in this instruction, show rough outlines in piping layout
dwg.
Example :
8.5.1
Example 1 :
Example 2 :
8.8 OTHERS
(3) Strainer
Example :
(1) In case of post-issue revision of drawing, indicate the Rev. mark on the backside
(avoid back dwg area) of dwg.
Example :
4150
) mark
Item
Symbol
Item
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
January
February
Maret
April
HOR
INST. DUCT
M&F
T&G
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
Number
OCT
NOV
DEC
ATM
May
June
July
August
September
LR
LC
LO
ML
ML Dwg
Horizontal
Instrument Duct
Large Male & Female
Large Tongue &
Croove
Lens Ring
Locked Close
Locked Open
Macth Line
Macth
Line
Dwg
October
November
December
Athmosphere
MAX
MIN
NO.
PT
B.L
BOP EL
BW
B.C
B.O.D
CSC
CSO
Battery Limit
Bottom Of Pipe Eelevation
Butt Weld
By Customer
Bottom Of Duct
Car Seal Close
Car Seal Open
PF EL
RPAD
RF
RTJ
SR
M&T
T &G
CL EL.
DIS
DMF
DR
DW
SUC
UC
VEND
VERT
WP BOP EL
ECC
ELECT. DUCT
EL
FW
FF
FL EL
Eccentric Reducer
Electric Duct
Elevation
Field Weld
Flat Face
Floor Elevation
WP EL
Maximum
Minimum
Number
Tapered Thread For
Pipe
Platform Elevation
Reinforcing Pad
Raised Face
Ring Type Joint
Short Elbow
Small Male & Female
Small Tounge &
Groove
Suction
Utility Connection
Vendor
Vertical
Working Point Bottom
Of Pipe Elevation
Working Point Elevation