2
REOLOGI
BAHAN
PANGAN
IPN2013
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
MENGAPA BELAJAR
REOLOGI?
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/ITP/Fateta/IPB
Reologi-Aliran Fluida 1
ITP530 2/19/2013
Fluid Foods
FLUIDA :
Senyawa/bahan yang dapat mengalir tanpa
mengalami disintegrasi jika dikenakan
tekanan kepada bahan tersebut.
FLUIDA : GAS
CAIRAN
PADATAN
Karakteristik Fluida
Densitas :
massa per satuan volume
SI : kg.m-3
Lainnya : lbm.ft-3
g.cm-3
Kompresabilitas :
Perubahan densitas fluida karena perubahan suhu
atau tekanan
- sangat penting untuk gas
- dapat diabaikan untuk cairan
Viskositas................?
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/ITP/Fateta/IPB
Reologi-Aliran Fluida 2
ITP530 2/19/2013
BATASAN VISKOSITAS
Luas = A F
V=f(y)
Kemudahan mengalir? DV/Dy?
V = f (F, A, sifat fluida)
VISKOSITAS (u)
Suatu ukuran mudah/sukarnya suatu bahan untuk mengalir
Viscosity - the property of a material which describes the
resistance to flow
F dV
= m - = t
A dy
F -1
= m - dv m =
F
-
dv
A dy A dy
Prinsip : Fungsi ..>mempunyai dimensi/satuan yg homogen
dyne cm / det -1
m [= ]
cm 2 cm
-1
-2
m [ ] g . cm . det . det
=
cm 2
m [=] g cm-1det-1 = poise
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/ITP/Fateta/IPB
Reologi-Aliran Fluida 3
ITP530 2/19/2013
Viskositas
Note : m [=] g cm-1det-1 = poise
1 poise = 100 cp
Contoh:
air (20oC, 1 atm) = 1.0019 cp
air (80oC, 1 atm) = 0.3548 cp
dv
t = m - dv - = g , laju geser (shear rate)
dy dy
. t = gaya geser
t
Kemiringan = m
.
g
Fluida-fluida yang menganut hukum Newton:
FLUIDA NEWTONIAN
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/ITP/Fateta/IPB
Reologi-Aliran Fluida 4
ITP530 2/19/2013
NON-NEWTONIAN
1 t= K (g )n ...............> model Power law
n : Indeks tingkah laku aliran (flow behavior index)
K : Indeks konsistensi (consistency index)
A. Newtonian
.
t = m (g ),
model power law
dgn K=m dan n=1 t
B. Pseudoplastik
.
t= K(g )n, n<1
C. Dilatan
.
t= K(g )n, n>1 g.
NON-NEWTONIAN
.
2 t= to + K (g)n ...............> model Herschel-Bulkley
A. Bingham plastik
. t
t = to + K(g)
B. Fluida H - B
t= to + K(g). n; n<1
to
g.
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/ITP/Fateta/IPB
Reologi-Aliran Fluida 5
ITP530 2/19/2013
NON-NEWTONIAN
3 Rheologi Melted Chocolate:
Model Casson :
.
t1/2 = Ko + K1 g1/2
t1/2
Kemiringan = K1
0 .
0 (g )1/2
.
VISKOSITAS = f(g)? Pengaruh shear rate
t
mapp = .
g
Newtonian m app =m
Non-Newtonian t
m app = g. = Kgn-1
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/ITP/Fateta/IPB
Reologi-Aliran Fluida 6
ITP530 2/19/2013
mapp
t, waktu
Ln Ao
Ln mapp = ln Ao - Ea/RT
lnmapp
Kemiringan = - Ea/R
1/T
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/ITP/Fateta/IPB
Reologi-Aliran Fluida 7
ITP530 2/19/2013
NON-NEWTONIAN Vs NEWTONIAN :
Mencari K ??
- plot ln (t) vs ln g
Ln t .> kemiringan = n (Cek and recek!)
.> titik potong sb y = ln K
Ln K
Ln g
NON-NEWTONIAN Vs NEWTONIAN :
Mencari to ??
Ln K
Ln g
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/ITP/Fateta/IPB
Reologi-Aliran Fluida 8
ITP530 2/19/2013
VISKOMETER ROTASIONAL
Torsi, T
Torsi yang diperlukan untuk memutar
Fluida silinder dalam diukur dan dicatat
konstanta pegas 0-100%
Kecepatan rotasi
Faktor
(rpm)
0,3 4000
0,6 2000
1,5 800
3 400
6 200
12 100
30 40
60 20
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/ITP/Fateta/IPB
Reologi-Aliran Fluida 9
ITP530 2/19/2013
Contoh soal
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/ITP/Fateta/IPB
Reologi-Aliran Fluida 10
ITP530 2/19/2013
4.0
y = 0.3892x + 2.7748
3.5
Ln(SS)
3.0
2.5
2.0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Ln(SR)
Y = 0.3892x + 2.7748
Dimana: Y = ln(t)
x = ln(g)
n = 0.3892 (pseudoplastic)
lnK = 2.7748 K = 16.04 Pa.sn
Y=t
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
SRn
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/ITP/Fateta/IPB
Reologi-Aliran Fluida 11
ITP530 2/19/2013
OD = 1 cm N (RPM) Torsi
(% skala penuh)
6 cm
2 15
4 26
10 53
20 93
Silider luar : d Tentukan parameter reologinya!
ID = 1,5 cm (n,K)
Fluida
T 7187(%T)
=2
tw = R2(2pL) (0.5) (2p)(6)
OD = 1 cm =(762.56)(%T)
6 cm g. 2pRN
=
w d
2(p )(0.5)N
= = 0.2094 N
(0.75-0.5)(60)
Silider luar : d
ID = 1,5 cm
Buat plot ln tw vs ln gw
..
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/ITP/Fateta/IPB
Reologi-Aliran Fluida 12
ITP530 2/19/2013
Ingat : tw = K(gw)n
ln tw = ln K + n ln(gw)
- cari persamaan garis lurus lntw vs lngw
- kemiringan = n
- intersep = ln K
2 1000
1,5
1 100
tw (Pa)
tw (Pa)
0,5
10
0
0 2 4 6 8
-0,5
1
-1 0,1 1 10
Kemiringan :
= (log 1000-log100)/(log 5,3-log 0,43)
= 0.79
Intersep :
K = 225 Pa.s
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/ITP/Fateta/IPB
Reologi-Aliran Fluida 13
ITP530 2/19/2013
L
r=R
R
r=0
r
V
dr
P1 P2
R
r
V
dr
P1 P2
Gaya bekerja pada permukaan silinder (r) ............> F= (P -P )(p r2)
1 2
Luas permukaan silinder ............> A = 2prL
dv 2prL 2L 2L
Ingat : t = m
-
dy (P1 - P2)r = m - dv
Jadi
2L dr
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/ITP/Fateta/IPB
Reologi-Aliran Fluida 14
ITP530 2/19/2013
R
r
V
dr
P1 P2 (P1 - P2) - r2
V(r) = +C
2Lm 2
(P1 - P2)r = m - dV
Diketahui bahwa pada r=R ......> V=0
2L dr
maka, (P -P )(R2)
(P1 - P2) C= 1 2
4L
dV = (-rdr) Jadi :
2Lm
(P1 - P2) 2 DP
(P1 - P2) V = (R - r2) = (R2 - r2)
dV =
2Lm - r.dr 4Lm 4Lm
DISTRIBUSI KECEPATAN
(P1 - P2) DP
V = (R2 - r2) = (R2 - r2)
4Lm 4Lm
Terlihat bahwa :
pada r = R ...........> V = 0
(P1 - P2) 2 DPR2
pada r = 0 ...........> V = V
max = (R ) =
4Lm 4Lm
r = R, V = 0
R
P1 r P2
r = 0, V = Vmax
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/ITP/Fateta/IPB
Reologi-Aliran Fluida 15
ITP530 2/19/2013
DISTRIBUSI KECEPATAN
(P1 - P2) DP
V = (R2 - r2) = (R2 - r2)
4Lm 4Lm
Terlihat bahwa :
pada r = R ...........> V = 0
(P1 - P2) 2 DPR2
pada r = 0 ...........> V = Vmax = (R ) =
4Lm 4Lm
KECEPATAN RATA-RATA
dA
V r
dr
dA = p {(r+dr)2-r2}
dA = p {(r2+2rdr+(dr)2-r2} = p{2rdr+dr2}
dr kecil mendekati nol , maka : (dr)2 .....> 0
dA = 2 p rdr
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/ITP/Fateta/IPB
Reologi-Aliran Fluida 16
ITP530 2/19/2013
KECEPATAN RATA-RATA
dA
V r
dr
(P1 - P2)
VdA = (R2 - r2) (2p rdr)
4Lm
R
_ (P1 - P2)
V (pR2) = (2p) (R2 - r2) rdr
4Lm 0
vmax
Untuk Newtonian fluida: v=
2
(n+1)
Untuk Non-Newtonian fluida: v= vmax
(3n+1)
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/ITP/Fateta/IPB
Reologi-Aliran Fluida 17
ITP530 2/19/2013
_ (P1 - P2) R2 DP R2 DP R2
V = = atau m=
8Lm 8Lm 8LV
DP = r gh m p R 4 gh p R 4 gh
r = K = 8LQ = 8LV t
h = (h 1 - h 2 )
DP p R 4 K=bt
Q =
8 Lm K : viskositas kinematik
V b : konstanta viskometer
Q= L: panjang kapiler
t
R: jari-jari kapiler
V: volume
h: tinggi kolom penampung (h1-h2)
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/ITP/Fateta/IPB
Reologi-Aliran Fluida 18
ITP530 2/19/2013
v( r ) = - to - - to
DP 1 + 1 K 1n 2 L 2L
n
1 +1
2L 1 1 DPR n
v max = - to
DP 1 + 1 K 1n 2 L
n
4V 3 1
gw = +
R 4 4n
NON-NEWTONIAN Vs NEWTONIAN :
D PR
tw= t = K(g )n
2L
4V
gw = tw = K(gw)n
R
n
DP R 4V
= K
2L R
R 4V
log DP + log = log K + n log
2L R
4 R
log DP = n log V + n log + log K - log
R 2L
y = nx + b
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/ITP/Fateta/IPB
Reologi-Aliran Fluida 19
ITP530 2/19/2013
NON-NEWTONIAN Vs NEWTONIAN :
4 R
log DP = n log V + n log + log K - log
R 2L
Log D P Jika n = 1
.> newtonian
DP R2
Maka : m=
Kemiringan = n 8LV
jika n <1 atau n >1
.> non-newtonian
19.187 17.53
23.497 26.29
27.144 35.05
30.350 43.81
42.925 87.65
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/ITP/Fateta/IPB
Reologi-Aliran Fluida 20
ITP530 2/19/2013
100,000 Kemiringan :
log 48-log4.3
log 100-log 1
D P, Pa
10,000
1,6812-0,6335
=
2
= 0.523
1,000
1 10 100 n = 0.523
Debit, g/s
Berikutnya : K???
K = 5 pa.s0.5
10
1
1 10 100 1000
gamma-w
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/ITP/Fateta/IPB
Reologi-Aliran Fluida 21
ITP530 2/19/2013
Ingat : tw = K(gw)n
ln tw = ln K + n ln(gw)
Contoh soal:
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/ITP/Fateta/IPB
Reologi-Aliran Fluida 22
ITP530 2/19/2013
Contoh soal:
Diketahui:
DP = 700 Pa,
D = 0,75 cm atau R = 0,375 cm = 0,00375 m,
L = 30 cm = 0.3 m, Q = 50 cm3/detik atau V=
50/(p0.3752)=113.18 cm/s = 1,1318 m/s
DP R2 700*(0.003752)
Viskositas apparent (app) m= =
8LV 8*0.3*1,1318
4V 4*1,1318
Shear rate (g) = = = 1294 s-1
R 0,00375
http://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/teaching/
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
....
Selesai....................
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Purwiyatno Hariyadi/ITP/Fateta/IPB
Reologi-Aliran Fluida 23