Klausa Kata Sifat/ Relatif

Adjective/ Relative Clause

WRITTEN BY Diah Anggraeni

1. Pengertian
Adjective clause atau dikenal juga sebagai relative clause adalah klausa yang terdiri dari
subjek dan kata kerja (verb). Adjective clause berfungsi sebagai adjective atau menerangkan
kata benda dalam suatu kalimat[i]. Klausa ajektiva atau klausa relatif memberikan keterangan
tambahan mengenai satu dari nomina-nomina dalam klausa utama[ii] Biasanya, ia diawali oleh
relative pronoun atau relative adverb seperti; who, whom, whose, which, where, when, why,
dan that.
Untuk lebih memahami bentuk dan fungsi dari adjective clause, kita dapat melihat contoh-
contoh berikut.

2. Jenis-jenis relative pronoun dalam adjective/relative clause

a. Who = orang (subjek)
Contoh 1
I am a girl who (that) is good at dancing.
[Saya adalah perempuan yang pandai menari.]

Pada contoh 1, who is good at dancing merupakan adjective atau relative clause yang
merujuk pada noun a girl yang mana noun a girl tersebut merujuk pada subjek I. Pada
contoh 1, kalimat tersebut awalnya terdiri dari dua klausa yaitu:
I am a girl dan I am good at dancing.
Dalam contoh 1, dua klausa tersebut disatukan dalam satu kalimat dengan menggunakan
relative pronoun who, karena who memiliki posisi yang setara dengan subjek I maka
setelah klausa-klausa tersebut digabung, pronoun I tidak disebutkan kembali.

Penting untuk diingat bahwa relative pronoun that lebih sering digunakan dalam
kalimat yang mengandung relative/ adjective clause dibandingkan who, whom,
ataupun which.
Jadi, untuk contoh kalimat 1 tersebut, kita bisa membuat kalimat seperti; I am a girl
that is good at dancing.

b. Whom = orang (objek)

Contoh 2
The man whom (that) I talked to last night was Bobi.
[Pria yang berbicara dengan saya tadi malam adalah Bobi.]

Pada contoh 2, kalimat tersebut awalnya terdiri dari dua klausa yaitu:
The man was Bobi dan I talked to (the man) last night.
Dalam contoh 2, contoh ini berbeda dengan contoh 1 yang mana penggunaan relative
pronoun merujuk pada subjek, pada contoh 2 ini, noun the man merujuk pada objek Bobi
sehingga menggunakan relative pronoun whom. Pada contoh 2, who I talked to last night
merupakan adjective atau relative clause yang merujuk pada noun Bobi yang memiliki
posisi sebagai objek dalam kalimat.

c. Whose = milik atau kepemilikan

Contoh 3:
I have just met Sani whose husband works for Kodelokus.
[Saya baru saja bertemu dengan Sani yang suaminya bekerja di Kodelokus.]

Pada contoh 3, kalimat tersebut awalnya terdiri dari dua klausa yaitu:
I have just met Sani dan Sanis husband works at Kodelokus
Dalam contoh 3, kalimat tersebut menggunakan relative pronoun whose karena merujuk pada
Sanis husband atau suami yang dimiliki Sani. Pada contoh 3, whose husband works at
Kodelokus merupakan adjective atau relative clause yang merujuk pada Sanis husband.

d. That = benda atau orang

Contoh 4:
It is a book that is good for children.
[Ini buku yang baik untuk anak-anak.]

Pada contoh 4, kalimat tersebut awalnya terdiri dari dua klausa yaitu:
It is a book dan The book is good for children
Dalam contoh 4, kalimat tersebut menggunakan relative pronoun that yang merujuk pada
benda yaitu book. Relative pronoun that lebih sering digunakan dalam kalimat yang
mengandung relative/ adjective clause dibandingkan who, whom, ataupun which.

e. Which = benda
Contoh 5:
It is a phone which will change the world.
[Ini adalah telepon yang akan mengubah dunia.]

Pada contoh 5, kalimat tersebut awalnya terdiri dari dua klausa yaitu:
It is a phone dan This phone will change the world

Dalam contoh 5, kalimat tersebut menggunakan relative pronoun which karena merujuk
pada benda yaitu a phone. Pada contoh 3, which will change the world merupakan
adjective atau relative clause yang merujuk pada benda phone. Dalam kalimat yang
mengandung relative pronoun yang merujuk pada benda, kita dapat menggunakan that
ataupun which tetapi pada umumnya relative pronoun that lebih sering digunakan.

f. When = waktu
Contoh 6:
I can not remember the day when he was gone.
[Saya tidak dapat mengingat hari ketika dia pergi.]

Pada contoh 6, when he was gone merupakan adjective atau relative clause. Dalam contoh
6, kalimat tersebut menggunakan relative adverb when karena merujuk pada waktu dalam
kalimat yaitu the day.

g. Where = tempat
Contoh 7:
Jakarta is the city where my sister was born.
[Jakarta adalah kota dimana kaka saya dilahirkan.]

Pada contoh 7, where my sister was born merupakan adjective atau relative clause. Dalam
contoh 7, kalimat tersebut menggunakan relative adverb where karena merujuk pada tempat
dalam kalimat yaitu the city

h. Why = alasan
Contoh 8:
I do not know the reason why she is angry at me.
[Saya tidak mengetahui alasan mengapa dia marah pada saya.]

Pada contoh 8, why she is angry at me merupakan adjective atau relative clause. Dalam
contoh 8, kalimat tersebut menggunakan relative adverb why karena merujuk pada the
reason atau memberikan keterangan lebih terkait suatu alasan mengapa suatu hal terjadi.

Contoh lainnya:
The girl who (that) is wearing the red veil is my little sister.
[Gadis yang menggunakan kerudung merah adalah adik saya.

The girl whom (that) he saw at the party was Bunga.

[Gadis yang dia lihat di pesta adalah Bunga.]

The woman, whose the wallet is falling, is my friend.

[Wanita, yang dompetnya jatuh, adalah teman saya.]

Do you know the girl that I talked to?

[Apakah kamu tahu gadis yang berbicara denganku?]

Our car which is red is very expensive.

[Mobil kami yang berwarna merah sangatlah mahal.]

My father passed away when I was a kid.

[Ayah saya meninggal dunia ketika saya masih kecil.]
Relative/ adjective clause juga bisa menjadi subjek dalam suatu kalimat, seperti dalam
contoh:

Who is wearing red jacket is my friend.

Who is wearing red jacket is my friend.
Subject linking verb complement
Catatan penting untuk diingat kembali!
*pronoun yang merujuk pada hal yang sama sebagai relative pronoun harus
disembunyikan sebagai contoh:
The boy is my brother. You called him yesterday.
The boy whom you saw him yesterday is my brother.
The boy whom you saw yesterday is my brother.

3. Jenis-jenis adjective/relative clause

Terdapat dua jenis relative clause yaitu non restrictive clauses dan restrictive clauses[iii]
3.1 Restrictive clause
Restrictive clause (essential/ defining relative clause) adalah klausa yang ditambahkan dalam
suatu kalimat, diperlukan dalam kalimat tersebut karena mempengaruhi makna yang ada
dalam kalimat dan tidak disertai dengan koma. Untuk lebih dapat memahaminya, dapat
dilihat dalam contoh berikut. Relative pronoun that hanya digunakan dalam restrictive
clause.
Contoh 1
My uncle who is wearing black shirt lives in Bandung.

Pada contoh kalimat 1, who is wearing black shirt tersebut merupakan restrictive clause
karena ditandai dengan tidak adanya koma. Contoh kalimat 1 tersebut berarti menunjukan
jika keterangan atau kalimat who is wearing black shirt tersebut penting atau dibutuhkan
dalam kalimat. Dalam konteks kalimat pertama, mungkin seseorang yang mengutarakan atau
menulis kalimat tersebut memiliki beberapa paman, dan hanya paman yang menggunakan
kemeja berwarna hitam yang tinggal di Bandung

3.2 Non-restrictive clause

Non-restrictive clauses (non-essential/ non- defining relative clause) adalah klausa yang
ditambahkan dalam suatu kalimat tetapi tidak diperlukan, kehadiran klausa non-restrictive
dalam kalimat ditandai dengan koma.
Contoh 2
My uncle, who is wearing black shirt, lives in Bandung.

Sedangkan pada contoh kalimat ke 2, kalimat tersebut mengandung non restrictive clause.
Makna yang terdapat pada kalimat ke 2 berarti tidak dibutuhkan atau dapat dihilangkan.
Dalam konteks kalimat kedua, mungkin seseorang yang mengutarakan atau menulis kalimat
tersebut hanya memiliki seorang paman, dan satu-satunya paman yang dia miliki tinggal di
Bandung. Penggunaan defining relative clauses ini untuk memperjelas siapa atau apa yang
sedang dibicarakan[iv]

Itulah pembahasan terkait adjective clause yang harus dipahami dalam academic writing.
Dalam membuat kalimat academic writing, kita juga harus memerhatikan kata kerja yang
digunakan ketika menjelaskan noun yang berbentuk singular maupun plural. Seperti dalam
contoh:
I am a girl who (that) is good at dancing.
They are girls who are good at dancing.

Dalam contoh diatas, kita dapat melihat ketika menerangkan singular noun maka verb yang
digunakan menggunakan singular verb, begitu pula dengan plural noun yang juga
menggunakan plural verb.

[i] Oshima, Alice & Ann Hogue. Writing Academic English: third edition. New York:
Longman. Hal: 161
[ii] Leech, Geoffrey. 2004. Kamus Lengkap Tata Bahasa Inggris. Jakarta: Kesaint Blanc.
Hal: 443
[iii] Pyle and Munoz.1991. TOEFL Preparation Guide. Singapore: Wiley. Hal: 137
[iv] Puchta, Herbert dan Stranks, Jeff. 2011. English in Mind second edition Students Book
2. Cambridge University Press. Hal: 83

Adjective/Relative Clauses
Adjective/Relative Clause
WRITTEN BY Helen Anggraeni Goddess

1. Understanding

Adjective clause, also known as the relative clause is a clause consists of a subject and verb
(verb). Adjective clause functioning as an adjective or noun explain in a sentence [i]. Relative
clause ajektiva clause or provide additional information regarding the one noun-noun from in
the main clause [ii] Typically, he prefaced by relative pronoun or relative adverb such as;
who, whom, whose, which, where, when, why, and that.
To better understand the shape and function of the adjective clause, we can see the following
examples.

2. Types of relative pronoun in the relative clause/adjective

a. Who = people (the subject)

Example 1

I am a girl who (that) is good at dancing.

[I was a clever woman dancing.]

In example 1, ' who is good at dancing ' is an adjective or a relative clause which refers to the
noun ' a girl ' in which the noun ' a girl ' refers to the subject ' I '. In example 1, the sentence
originally consisted of two clauses are:

"I am a girl and I am good at dancing."

In example 1, the two clauses in one sentence merged with using relative pronoun ' who ',
because ' the who ' have a position equivalent to the subject ' I ' then after these clauses are
merged, the pronoun ' I ' is not mentioned again.

It is important to remember that the relative pronoun ' that ' is more often used in sentences
containing relative/adjective clause than ' who ', ' whom ', or ' which '.

So, for example the 1 sentence, we can create such a sentence; ' I am a girl that is good at
dancing. '

b. Whom = (object)

Example 2

The man whom (that) I talked to last night was Bobi.

[The man who talked to me last night was Bobi.]

In example 2, the sentence originally consisted of two clauses are:

"The man was Bobi and I talked to (the man) last night."

In example 2, example is different from example 1 in which the use of the relative pronoun
referring to the subject, in this example 2, the noun ' the man ' to refer to the objects ' Bobi '
so use the relative pronoun ' whom '. In example 2, ' who I talked to last night ' is an adjective
or a relative clause which refers to the noun ' Bobi ' who has the position of the object in a
sentence.

c. Whose property or ownership =

Example 3:

I have just met Sani whose husband works for Kodelokus.

[I've just met with Sani whose husband works at Kodelokus.]

In example 3, the sentence originally consisted of two clauses are:

"I have just met Sani and Sani's husband works at Kodelokus"

In example 3, the sentences using relative pronoun whose because it refers to the Sani's '
husband ' or husbands ' owned ' Sani. In example 3, ' whose husband works at Kodelokus ' is
an adjective or a relative clause that refers to Sani's husband.

d. That object or person =

Example 4:

It is a book that is good for children.

[This is a good book for children.]

In example 4, the sentence originally consisted of two clauses are:

"It is a book and The book is good for children"

In example 4, the sentences using relative pronoun that refers to an object that is a ' book '.
Relative pronoun ' that ' is more often used in sentences containing relative/adjective clause
than ' who ', ' whom ', or ' which '.

e. Which = object

Example 5:

It is a phone which will change the world.

[This is a phone that will change the world.]

In example 5, the sentence originally consisted of two clauses are:

"It is a phone and This phone will change the world"

In example 5, the sentences using relative pronoun ' which ' because it refers to an object that
is a ' phone '. In example 3, ' which will change the world ' is an adjective or a relative clause
which refers to the objects ' phone '. In sentences containing relative pronoun that refers to an
object, we can use that or ' which ' but generally relative pronoun ' that ' is more often used.

f. When = time

Example 6:

I can not remember the day when he was gone.

[I can't remember a day when he leaves.]

In example 6, ' when he was gone ' is an adjective or a relative clause. In example 6, the
sentences using relative adverb ' when ' because it refers to the time in the sentence ' the day '.

g. Where = place
Example 7:

Jakarta is the city where my sister was born.

[Jakarta is a town where kaka I was born.]
In example 7, ' where my sister was born ' is an adjective or a relative clause. In example 7,
the sentences using relative adverb ' where ' because it refers to a place in the sentence ' the
city '

h. Rev. = reason

Example 8:

I do not know the reason why she is angry at me.

[I don't know the reason why she's mad at me.]

In example 8, ' why she is angry at me ' is an adjective or a relative clause. In example 8, the
sentences using relative adverb ' why ' because it refers to ' the reason ' or give more
information related a reason why things happen.

Another example:
The girl who (that) is wearing the red veil is my little sister.
[Girls who use the Red Veil is my sister.

The girl (that) whom he saw at the party was a flower.

[The girl he saw at the party was a flower.]

The woman, whose the wallet is falling, is my friend.

[Lady, who fell in his purse, is my friend.]

Do you know the girl that I talked to?

[Do you know the girl who talked me?]

Our car which is red is very expensive.

[Our cars that are red are extremely expensive.]

My father just passed away when I was a kid.

[My dad died when I was a kid.]

Relative/adjective clause could also be a subject in a sentence, as in this example:

Who is wearing red jacket is my friend.

Who is wearing red jacket is my friend.
Subject linking verb complement
Important note to remember is back!
* the pronoun referring to the same thing as a relative pronoun should be hidden as an
example:
The boy is my brother. You called him yesterday.
The boy whom you saw him yesterday is my brother.
The boy whom you saw yesterday is my brother.

3. Types of adjective/relative clause

There are two types of relative clause i.e. non restrictive clauses and restrictive clauses [iii]
3.1 Restrictive clause
Restrictive clause (essential/defining relative clause) is a clause that is added in a sentence, is
necessary in the sentence as it affects the meaning of which is in the sentence and is not
accompanied by a comma. For more understanding, can be seen in the following example.
Relative pronoun ' that ' is only used in a restrictive clause.
Example 1
My uncle who is wearing black shirts, lives in Bandung.

In the example sentence 1, ' who is wearing black shirts ' restrictive clause because it was
marked by the absence of a comma. Example of sentence 1 means shows if description or the
phrase ' who is wearing black shirts ' are important or needed in the sentence. In the context
of the first sentence, maybe someone who declares or write the sentence has some uncles, and
only uncle who use black shirts who lived in Bandung

3.2 Non-restrictive clause

Non-restrictive clauses (non-essential/non-defining relative clause) is a clause that is added in
a sentence but it is not required, the presence of a non-restrictive clause in a sentence is
marked by a comma.
Example 2
My uncle, who is wearing black shirts, lives in Bandung.

While in the example sentence to 2, the sentence contains non restrictive clause. The meaning
of the sentence to 2 means not needed or can be removed. In the context of the second
sentence, maybe someone who declares or write the sentence only has an uncle, and the only
uncle that he had lived in Bandung. Defining the use of relative clauses is to clarify who or
what was being discussed [iv]

That's the discussion of the related adjective clause that must be understood in academic
writing. In making sentence academic writing, we should also note the verb that is used when
describing a noun singular as well as plural. As in the example:
I am a girl who (that) is good at dancing.
They are girls who are good at dancing.

In the example above, we can see when the singular noun describing a verb is used then use
the singular verb, as well as a plural noun which also use a plural verb.

[i] Oshima, Alice & Ann Hogue. Writing Academic English: third edition. New York:
Longman. Things: 161
[ii] Leech, Geoffrey. 2004. Full Grammar dictionary of the United Kingdom. Jakarta: Kesaint
Blanc. Things: 443
[iii] Pyle and Munoz. 1991. TOEFL Preparation Guide. Singapore: Wiley. Things: 137
[iv], Herbert Puchta, Jeff Stranks and. 2011. English in Mind 2 student's Book second edition.
Cambridge University Press. Things: 83