-1.00
W =0,8 m
1 1
1.00 ###
-7.00
-9.00
Sketsa Penampang Sungai
Untuk mencari panjang Total bentang Jembatan (Lt) perlu diketahui gelagar dari permukaan air
Maksimum (W). Dimana W adalah jagaan dimaksudkan agar benda-benda yang hanyut /terapung
akan terlewat dibawah jembatan tanpa mengganggu gelagar jembatan.
Dalam Hal ini tinggi Jagaa diambil setinggi, W = 1 m.
l2 = CA : DC CA = 1,00 m : DC = 1 m. l2 = 1.00 m
1900
135 155 155 155 155 155 155 155 155 155 155 155 155 135
150
150
W 100
Mab
Man
- 6.00
- 8.00
Sketsa Memanjang Jembatan
100 600 100
100
Lapisan Aspal, t = 6 cm
Plat Lantai, t = 20 cm
Gelagar Girder
Diafragma
6
6
10
20 10
45o 45o
20
45o 45o
bidang kontak
50
bidang kontak
20
Sketsa Bidang Kontak Roda Pada Lantai Pembebanan
- Momen Maksimum Akibat Beban Terbagi Rata. (PBI 71. Hal 195) sebagai Berikut :
Mx max 1 = 1/10 x q x S2
= 1 / 10 x 0.668 x 1.600 2
= 0.171008 tm
= 17,100.8 Kg.cm
Iy = 20.0 Iy
= 12.5 dari PBI-71 pasal 13,3 (9) di tentukan :
Ix = 1.600 Ix
tx = 82.00 Ix = 1.600
ty = 52.00
tx = 82.00 tx 82.00
= = 0.5125
Ix = 160.0 Ix 160.0
ty = 52.00 ty 52.00
= = 0.325
Ix = 160.0 Ix 160.0
Mx max 2 = Mxm . T . BK
= 0.1495 x 23.45 x 0.426
= 1.4953036 tm
= 149,530.36 Kg.cm
My max 2 = Mym . T . BK
= 0.0967 x 23.45 x 0.426
= 0.9672321 tm
= 96,723.2 Kg.cm
- Momen Total :
arah x Mx max 1 + Mx max 2 = 17,100.80 + 149,530.36
= 166,631.16 Kg.cm
arah y My max 1 + My max 2 = 3,420.16 + 96,723.2
= 100,143.37 Kg.cm
50 50
100 I
52.00
27 27
II
###
Bagian I :
tx = 160.0 tx 160.0
= = 1
Ix = 160.0 Ix 160.0
ty = 52.00 ty 52.00
= = 0.325
Ix = 160.0 Ix 160.0
= 178,195.1 Kg.cm
- My max 1 = Mym . T . Ty . Iy
= 0.0629 x 23.45 x 0.520 x 1.600
= 1.226829 tm
= 122,682.9 Kg.cm
Bagian II :
tx = 18.00 tx 18.0
= = 0.113
Ix = 160.0 Ix 160.0
ty = 52.00 ty 52.00
= = 0.325
Ix = 160.0 Ix 160.0
Pembebanan adalah pembebanan tetap jadi beban angin dan gempa tidak diperhitungkan
momen design adalah momen yang terbesar, dan terjadi pada saat 2 ( dua ) roda ditengah plat
Momen Design :
Arah x = 124,612.6 Kg.cm
Arah y = 94,813.3 Kg.cm
* untuk beban angin ( A ) gaya rem ( R ), gempa bumi (GB) diambil yang arahnya akan memperbesar
gaya horisontal ( x ) dan momen.
Tinjauan kombinasi beban I 100 %
Tinjauan kombinasi beban III 125 %
Tinjauan kombinasi beban III 140 %
Tinjauan kombinasi beban IV 150 %
Berlaku untuk dinding dan abutmen jembatan.
Koefisien Pembebanan (γs), menurut PBI 71-pasal 10.1(5) hal. 99, ditetap kan sebagai berikut:
* Penulangan Arah x.
Dik : Momen maks. X = 124,612.6 Kg.cm
untuk pembebanan tetap :
- Mu = 1.50 x Mmaks. X
= 1.05 x 124,612.6
= 130,843.2 Kg.cm
- Baja U-39 Tegangan Tarik/tekan yang dijinkan (σa =σ'a)
σa =σ'a = 2250 Kg/cm2 (PBI-71; tabel 10.4.1)
- Beton K-300 Kekuatan Tekan Beton yang diijinkan (σ' b), PBI-71 tabel 10.4.2 :
σ'b = 0.33 x σ'bk
= 0.33 x 300 (PBI-71 tabel 4.2.1)
= 99.0 Kg/cm2
n = 330 / √ 300
= 330 / 17.32
= 19.0526
- Tebal Plat Lantai (ts) = 20.0 cm
d = 3 cm
h = 16.00 cm
ξ = 0.456023
ϕ = 1.192872
δ = 0
diperoleh 100 nω = 4.734
100 nω 4.734
A' = x b x h = x 100 x 16.0 = 3.98 cm2
n x b 19.05 x 100
ØA x Lt 1.13 x 100
Dipakai Tp ø 12 mm jarak X ≤ = = 28.434 cm
A' 3.98
Diambil Jarak 25 cm
Tp Ø 12 - 25 = 4.5216 cm2 > 3.98 cm2
* Penulangan Arah y.
ξ = 0.456023
ϕ = 1.192872
δ = 0
diperoleh 100 nω = 5.177
100 nω 5.177
A' = x b x h = x 100 x 16.0 = 4.35 cm2
n x b 19.05 x 100
Dipakai Tp ø 10 mm 0.79
Tp Ø 10 - 15 = 5.23 cm2 > 4.35 cm2
Ø12 - 30
Ø10 - 20
Ø12 - 30
Ø12 - 30
Ø10 - 20
Girder
Diafragma
Girder
Diafragma
a. Batang Sandaran
- Batang Sandaran menggunanan Pipa ø 2,5" = 6.37 cm
- Tebal Pipa (t) = 0.35 cm
- Berat Pipa (G) = 6.67 kg/m'
- Tiang Sandaran dari beton bertulang
dengan jarak As - As = 155 cm 15
12 I
x = 100
Pv = 100 kg/m
10 Ph1 = 100 kg/m
45
G1
45 q = 500 kg/m2
10 Ph2 = 500 kg/m
L3 : 1/2 X
25 Aspal
G2
G3 6
15 L4 : 3/6 X
Plat Lantai 20
5 G4
20
L2 = X
Diafragma
Girder
= 11377.8 + 10000
= 146.21 Kg.m
1
Momen Maks = x qt x L 2
= 43.9092 Kg.m
= 4390.92 Kg.cm
Tegangan ijin Pipa (σa) = 2250 Kg/cm2 (Pembebanan tetap)
Momen Perlawanan :
π D 4
- d 4 t
W = (buku teknik sipil hal. 113)
32 D
6.37 4
- 5.67 4
d
= 0.09813 x D
6.37
= 0.09813 x 96.2218277
= 9.44176684
Kontrol Tegangan
M. maks
Syarat : tytd = < σa
W
4390.92
tytd = = 465.053 kg/cm2 < σa = 2250 kg/cm2 ……oke
9.44176684
b. Tiang Sandaran
- Ukuran Tiang = 12 x 15 cm
- Gaya yang bekerja
Beban Vertikal : G1 = 0.150 x 0.12 x 1.00 x 2.4
= 0.04320 ton
G2 = 0.150 x 0.12 x 0.400 x 2.4
= 0.01728 ton
beban vertikal = 0.06048 ton = 60.48 kg
Berat Pipa Sandaran = 2 x 2 x 6.67 = 26.6680 kg
Beban Hidup (Pv) = 100 kg
= 2 x 100 = 200.0 kg
Total (N) = 287.148 kg
Beban Horizontal :
beban horizontal yang bekerja pada ketinggian 100 cm
dari plat trotoar, sebesar 100 kg (Pn)
Pn
* Momen (Mh)
L = 100 = 100 x 100
= 10000 kg cm
Mn
* Tiang terjepit sebelah sehingga (lk),
= 2 x lt (PBI 71 hal. 113)
= 2 x 100
= 200 cm
- Penulangan Tiang Sandaran
diambil selimut beton = 2 cm
b = 12 cm b' = 12 - 2
= 10 cm
ht = 15 cm h = 15 - 2
= 13 cm
Ea
angka ekivalensi (n) = (PBI 71 pasal 11.1.(3)
Eb
2.1 x 10 6
n = = 18.9443
6400 x 300
kondisi pembebanan tetap
Baja U-39 σa = 2250 kg/cm2
σ*au = 3390 kg/cm2
Beton K-300 σbk = 300 kg/cm2
* Eksentrisitas (e)
Mu 15000
éo = = = 34.8252 cm
Nu 430.722
1
éo' = x ht = 0.033 x 15 = 0.50 cm (min. = 2 cm)
30
* Eksentrisitas tambahan untuk menghitung tekuk (e1)
lk 2
e1 = C 1 x C2 x ht
100 x ht
éo 34.83
= = 2.32168 (PBI 71, tabel 10.6.2, diperoleh C2)
ht 15
C2 = 7
C1 = 1 (Penampang Persegi/bujur sangkar)
sehingga e1 :
lk 2
e1 = C 1 x C2 x ht
100 x ht
200 2
e1 = 1 x 7 x 15
100 x 15
= 7 x 0.01778 x 15
= 1.86666667 cm
e2 = 0.15 x 15
= 2.25 cm
e total = eo + eo' + e1 + e2
= 34.83 + 0.50 + 1.86666667 + 2.25
= 39.44 cm
ξ = 1
σ'bk + x σ*au
n
300
1
= 300 + x 3390
Mu
A = A' =
σ*au 1 - ξ / 3 x n
15000
=
0.626
3390 1 - x 18.9443
3
= 0.2952 cm2
A σ'bk
Syarat : < 0.03
b . ht σ*au
0.29520397 300
= = 0.00164002 < 0.03 = 0.00265487 ……..oke !!
12 x 15 3390
dipakai = 0.00265487
jadi A = A' = 0.00265487 x 12 x 15
= 0.47787611 cm2 0.50
dipakai tulangan 3 Ø 8 = 1.51 cm 2
> 0.47787611 cm2 .……oke !!
Beugel dipakai Ø 6 - 15 cm
C. Lantai Trotoar
ΣN = 2151.15 kg
Momen I - I
= 100 x 127.5 + 100 x 107.5 + 500 x 25.0 + 600 x 50.0 + 60.5 x 107.5 +
20.7 x 107.5 + 420 x 50.0 + 50.0 x 50.0 + 300 x 50.0
= 113,223.4 kg.cm
Perhitungan Tulangan
- Beton K-300 Kekuatan Tekan Beton yang diijinkan (σ'b), PBI-71 tabel 10.4.2 :
σ'b = 0.33 x σ'bk
= 0.33 x 300 (PBI-71 tabel 4.2.1)
= 99.0 Kg/cm2
n = 330 / √ 300
= 330 / 17.32
= 19.0526
Kontrol Tebal Plat :
1 1
ξ = = = 0.45602
1 + σa/n*σ'b 2250
1 +
19.0526 x 99.0
k = 0.50 x ξ x (1-1/3 x ξ) x σ'b
= 0.50 x 0.456023 x 0.84799 x 99.00
= 19.14 cm
Mu 169,835.1
hp = = = 9.419 < h ada = 16 cm …. Oke
b x kb 100 x 19.14
h 16
Ca = n x Mu = 19.0526 x 169835
b x σ'a 100 x 2250
16 16
= = = 4.21911
14.3813005 3.79227
σ'a 2250
ϕ = = = 1.19287
n x σ'b 19.0526 x 99.0
Dari Tabel Perhitungan Lentur dengan cara-n diperoleh:
untuk Ca = 4.219
ξ = 0.456023
ϕ = 1.192872
δ = 0
diperoleh 100 nω = 6.223
100 nω 6.223
A' = x b x h = x 100 x 16.0 = 5.23 cm2
n x b 19.05 x 100
ØA x Lt 0.79 x 100
Dipakai Tp ø 10 mm jarak X ≤ = = 15.0212
A' 5.23
Diambil Jarak 10 cm
Tp Ø 10 - 10 = 7.85 cm2 > 5.23 cm2 …oke
Tb = 20% x A = 1.045 cm 2
Dipakai Tb ø 6 mm 0.28
Tb Ø 6 - 20 = 1.41 cm 2
> 1.05 cm 2
…oke
4. PERENCANAAN GIRDER
diketahui :
- lebar lantai kendaraan = 8.00 m
- lebar trotoar = 1.00 m
- bentang jembatan = 19.00 m
2 jalur
menurut PMJJR No. 12/1970
p * beban terbagi rata (q) = 2.2 t/m/jalur
0,5 p 0,5 p 2 x 0.5 2.2
= 2 x 2.2 + x
3.50 2
120 50 350 350 50 120 = 4.40 + 0.29 x 1.10
400 400 = 4.71 t/m
1 jalur 1 jalur
= 25.7 t/m
t2
h = 933 mm
b = 423 mm
t1 t1 = 24.00 mm
t2 = 42.67 mm
h
F = 569.6 cm2
r = 25.9 mm
G = 446.4 kg/m'
r
Ix = 844600 cm4
Wx = 18112.8 cm3
b
1/2 P gandar
1.60 1.60 L = 19 m
P gandar = 20 ton
P roda = 10 ton = 10000 kg
Momen total
= Mp x K + M. berat sendiri
= 1505.6 x 1.29 + 67940.20
= 69882.206 kg.m
= 6988220.6 kg.cm
6988220.6
=
18112.8
= 385.81669205 Kg/cm2 < σa = 2250 Kg/cm2 (Oke)
t2
h = 933 mm
b = 423 mm
t1
t1 = 24.00 mm
t2 = 42.67 mm
h
F = 569.6 cm2
r = 25.9 mm
G = 446.4 kg/m'
r
Ix = 844600 cm4
Wx = 18112.8 cm3
b
q = 446.4 kg/m'
Momen = 1/8 x q x L2
= 0.13 x 446.4 x 19.0 2
19 = 20143.8 kg.m
gbr. Momen = 2014380 kg.cm
+ M 2014380
τ1 = =
Wx 18112.8
M. max = 20143.8 kg.m = 111.21306479 kg/cm2
r +
b
τsb = 111.213 kg/cm2
Diagram tegangan
Momen = 1/8 x q x L2
= 0.13 x 768.0 x 19.0 2
= 34656.00 kg.m
= 3465600 kg.cm
M 3465600
τ1 = =
Wx 18112.8
= 191.33430502 kg/cm2
t1
h
t2 +
r
Diagram tegangan
c. Pengkompositan
komposit adalah suatu Baja yang dijadikan Beton atau sebaliknya Beton dijadikan Baja
Plat Lantai
Girder
19
b ef = 1.60
b'
Es 2100000
Ac n = = = 18.94
Ec 110851.2516844
h' = 20
y composit = ycp
Ac x 1/2 x h' +hs + As x ys
ycp =
Ac + As
168.92 x 1/2 x 20 + 93.30 + 569.6 x 46.65
=
168.92 + 569.6
44020.882741
ycp = = 59.6072 cm
738.52
I composit = Icp
Icp = 1/2 x b' x h'3 + Ac x (yc - ycp)2 + Is + As x (ycp - ys)2
= 0.50 x 8.45 x 20 3 + 168.916193 x 103.3 - 59.6072 2 + 844600 + 569.6 x 59.6072 - 46.65 2
= 33783.2 + 322471.271 + 940229.6
= 1296484.11 cm4
d. Pelaksanaan Pengaspalan
Plat Lantai Tebal Aspal = 6.00 cm
= 0.06 m
Momen = 1/8 x q x L2
= 0.13 x 0.211 x 19 2
= 9.530400 T.m
= 953040.0 kg.cm
2. Baja (Steel)
M x ysa
τsa = - ysa = hs - ycp = 33.7 cm
Icp
953040.0 x 33.7
= - = -24.767 kg/cm2
1296484.11
M x ycp
τsb = +
Icp
953040 x 59.61
= + = 43.8170 kg/cm2
1296484.11
t1 kg/cm2
t2
r
+
b τsb = 43.8170 kg/cm2
2. Baja (Steel)
M x ysa
τsa = -
Icp
9214724.637681 x 33.7
= - = -239.47 kg/cm2
1296484.11
M x ycp
τsb = +
Icp
9214724.637681 x 59.61
= + = 423.657 kg/cm2
1296484.11
t1 kg/cm2
t2
r
+
b τsb = 423.657 kg/cm2
r
b
τsb = 111.213 τsb = 191.334 τsb = 43.8170 τsb = 423.657
+
τsb = 770.021 kg/cm2
1. Beton (Concrete)
- bagian atas, τca, Total = -22.228 Kg/cm2 < σ'b = 99.0 Kg/cm2 (aman)
- bagian bawah, τcb,Total = -13.948 Kg/cm 2
< σ'b = 99.0 Kg/cm 2
(aman)
2. Baja (Steel)
- bagian atas, τsa, Total = -566.79 Kg/cm2 < σa = 2250 Kg/cm2 (aman)
- bagian bawah, τsb,Total = 770.021 Kg/cm 2
< σa = 2250 Kg/cm 2
(aman)
t h = 80 mm
b = 45 mm
d d = 6 mm
h
t = 8 mm
r = 8 mm
r G = 8.64 kg/m'
Ix = 106 cm4
b
Wx = 26.5 cm3
Q = 20 x (h + t/2) x L x √τb
Q = 20 x 0.8 + 0.3 x 20 x √ 99
= 4377.9447233 kg
* Potongan 1. (Tumpuan)
po
p1
19
- D1 = Po + 1/2 x P1 x L + 1/2 x q x L
- D1 = 7.075776 + 0.5 x 1.30 x 19 + 0.5 x 1.0592 x 19
= 29.46 ton
= 29461.8 kg
po
p1
0.13 0.875
1/8 L 7/8 L
- D2 = Po + 7/8 x 1/2 x P1 + 7/8 L x x L
- D2 = 7.075776 x 7/8 + 1/2 x 1.30 x 16.6 x 7/8 + 1/2 x 1.0592 x 16.6 x 7/8
= 23.33 ton
= 23330.6 kg
p1
q
0.25 0.750
1/4 L 3/4 L
- D2 = Po + 7/8 x 1/2 x P1 + 7/8 L x x L
- D3 = 7.075776 x 3/4 + 1/2 x 1.30 x 14.3 x 3/4 + 1/2 x 1.0592 x 14.3 x 3/4
= 17.90 ton
= 17899.0 kg
p1
q
0.375 0.625
3/8 L 5/8 L
- D2 = Po + 7/8 x 1/2 x P1 + 7/8 L x x L
- D4 = 7.075776 x 5/8 + 1/2 x 1.30 x 11.9 x 5/8 + 1/2 x 1.0592 x 11.9 x 5/8
= 13.17 ton
= 13166.9 kg
p1
0.500 0.500
1/2 1/2
- D2 = Po + 7/8 x 1/2 x P1 + 7/8 L x x L
- D5 = 7.075776 x 1/2 + 1/2 x 1.30 x 9.5 x 1/2 + 1/2 x 1.0592 x 9.5 x 1/2
= 9.13 ton
= 9134.4 kg
3/8 L 1/2 L
1/8 L 1/4 L
9134.4
13166.9
17899.0
23330.6
29461.8
D2 x S 29461.8 x 7380.4
** q1 = = = 167.716 kg
Icp 1296484.11
Q 4377.94
m1 = = = 26.1 cm ≈ 26 cm
q1 167.72
Icp x Q 1296484.11 x 4377.94
D1* = = = 29461.8 kg = D1 (oke)
S x m1 7380.42 x 26.1
D2 x S 23330.6 x 7380.4
** q2 = = = 132.813 kg
Icp 1296484.11
Q 4377.94
m2 = = = 33.0 cm ≈ 33 cm
q2 132.81
Icp x Q 1296484.11 x 4377.94
D2* = = = 23330.6 kg = D2 (oke)
S x m2 7380.42 x 33.0
D3 x S 17899.0 x 7380.4
** q3 = = = 101.893 kg
Icp 1296484.11
Q 4377.94
m3 = = = 43.0 cm ≈ 43 cm
q3 101.89
Icp x Q 1296484.11 x 4377.94
D2* = = = 17899.0 kg = D3 (oke)
S x m3 7380.42 x 43.0
D4 x S 13166.9 x 7380.4
** q4 = = = 74.9545 kg
Icp 1296484.11
Q 4377.94
m4 = = = 58.4 cm ≈ 58 cm
q4 74.95
Icp x Q 1296484.11 x 4377.94
D4* = = = 13166.9 kg = D4 (oke)
S x m4 7380.42 x 58.4
D5 x S 9134.4 x 7380.4
** q5 = = = 51.9989 kg
Icp 1296484.11
Q 4377.94
m5 = = = 84.2 cm ≈ 84 cm
q5 52.00
Icp x Q 1296484.11 x 4377.94
D5* = = = 9134.4 kg = D5 (oke)
S x m5 7380.42 x 84.2
Perletakan Shear Connector dipasang dengan jarak yang rapat dimulai dari tumpuan
ke tengah bentang dengan jarak yang jarang.
Pada hasil perhitungan Perletakan Shear Connector dari tumpuan dengan jarak 21 cm,
makin ke tengah jarak Shear Connektor makin jarang.
11 x 26 cm 7 x 33 cm 5 x 43 cm 3 x 58 cm
1/2 L
Sumber : Vis, W.C. dan Kusuma Gideon (1993), Grafik dan Tabel Perhitungan Beton Bertulang, Erlangga, Jakarta