PRODUK CONSUMER GOODS DARI KELAPA SAWIT

Disampaikan pada Seminar Nasional Industri Hilir Kelapa Sawit

Yogyakarta, 17-18 Januari 2018

Dr Ir DONALD SIAHAAN
Peneliti Utama Pengolahan Hasil & Mutu
Indonesian Oil Palm Research Insitute (IOPRI)
Jl. Brigjen Katamso 51, Medan - 20158
Telp. : 061 – 7862477 ext 109, 0816407994 Since
Homepage: www.iopri.org Email: donaldjts@yahoo.com 1916
 Dr Ir DONALD SIAHAAN
Peneliti Utama dan
Ketua Kelompok Peneliti Pengolahan Hasil & Mutu

Education
1999 PhD in Food Science, UPLB Los Banos
1988 Bachelor in Agricultural Technology,
Food & Nutrition Department, Bogor Agricultural
University (IPB)
Work Experience as Researcher
1989 – present : Research Officer for Postharvest
Technology in Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute
Correspondence:
Office Mail: Jl. Brigjen Katamso 51 Medan 20158
email: donaldjts@yahoo.com, donaldjts@gmail.com
Phone: 061-7862477 ext 109
Mobile: 0812-6407-994
OUTLINE:
1. Pohon Industri & Rantai
Pasok Komoditas Kelapa Sawit
2. Produk OleoPangan
3. Produk OleoKimia
4. Produk Berbasis Biomassa
I. POHON INDUSTRI &
RANTAI PASOK
KOMODITAS KELAPA SAWIT
 Lebih dari 70% produksi sawit Indonesia diekspor
ke >50 negara dalam bentuk lebih dari 150 produk
Indonesian palm oil is a global commodity for
human civilization

Sumber : Gapki (2014)

 Perkembangan Perdagangan Kelapa Sawit Indonesia

Thn 2011 Thn 2012 Thn 2013 Thn 2014 Thn 2015
Crude Oils (000 Ton) 12,295.4 8995.0 9,883.3 10,425.6 10,634.1
Processed Oils/Fats (000 8,277.9 14,040.0 15,273.7 15,573.4 15,971.5
Ton)
 Setelah pemberlakukan PMK 128/2011 tentang bea keluar produk sawit, maka komposisi produk
ekspor berubah arah dari “raw-material “ ke “ processed product”
 Saat ini, komposisi produk olahan setengah jadi dan jadi 70% terhadap 30% produk olahan dasar7
(crude oil)
 MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT

Minyak Sawit Kasar POHON INDUSTRI KELAPA SAWIT Minyak Inti Sawit
(PKO)
(CPO)
(Oil Perspective)

Asam Trigliserida,Digliserida, Es Protein

Olein Asam Amino PFAD Vit. A,E Karoten Stearin Lipase Soap Chip
Lemak Monogliserida Krim Sel Tunggal

Minyak Minyak Metil Sabun Metil Fat Cocoa

Shortening Butter
Goreng Salad Ester Cuci Ester Powder Vegetable Cocoa Butter
Substitute Margarin Kosmetika Shortening Sabun Vanaspati Substitute
Ghee
(CBS) (CBS)

Surfaktan Biodiesel
Confectioneries

Ester Asam Lemak : Metalic Salt : Polyethoxylated Oxygenated Fatty Fatty Alkohol Fatty Acids Amides : Gliserol Food
Fatty Amines :
Palmitat/Propand Derivates : Acid/Ester : C16&C18 Alcohol/ Emulsifier
Oleat/Ba Stearamide
Stearat Palmitat/Ethylene Secondary C16 & Sulphated
Palmitat Stearat/ Epoxy Stearic/
Propylene Oxide C18 / Ethoxylated C16&C18 Alcohol/
Metil Ester Sulfonat Ca, Zn Octanol Ester Alkanolamides
Stearat/Ethylene Epthio Stearin Esterified with
Oleat/Glycol Stearat/Ca, Mg Betain Sulphated
Propylene Oxide Mono & Higher Saturated
Propylene Glycol Fatty Acid Alcanolamide of
Stearat/ Al, Li C16 & C18 / Polyhydric Alcohol Palmitat, Stearic &
Oleic Acid Dimer C16&C19 Alcohol/
Ethoxylated Ester Oleic Acids
Oleat/ Zn, Pb Ethylene Ethoxylation
Propylene Oxide
Monogliserida Oleamide
Ethoxylation

Keterangan Warna:
= sudah diproduksi di Indonesia = belum diproduksi di Indonesia = dalam persiapan untuk di produksi
 POHON INDUSTRI KELAPA SAWIT
(Perspektif Biomasa; PPKS, 2012)

TANDAN BUAH
PELEPAH DAN BATANG SAWIT
SEGAR

• Pulp & kertas

• Pakan ternak

TANDAN KOSONG SAWIT INTI SAWIT BUAH SAWIT MESOKARP

Furniture

CANGKANG AMPAS SAWIT MINYAK INTI SAWIT

• Bahan bakar Pakan Medium density

Pulp & Kompos Karbon Rayon • Karbon ternak fibre-board
kertas
Bioetanol CPO SERAT
Bahan bakar

PRODUK PANGAN PRODUK NON PANGAN / OLEOKIMIA

• Confectioneries • Asam lemak sawit

• Es krim • Fatty alkohol
• Yoghurt • Fatty amina
• Senyawa epoksi
• Senyawa hidroksi

Emulsifier Margarin Minyak makan Shortening

merah
Susu kental Vanaspati Pelumas Senyawa Ester Lilin Kosmetik Farmasi
manis
Biodiesel
Minyak goreng
 Slide
RANTAI PASOK industri minyak kelapa sawit
upstream, midstream Downstream
Produk
PANGAN

PANGAN
Intermediate • Minyak goreng

Industri
products • Margarine

FRKSIONASI
RAFINASI &
• Shortening
Crude
•Olein
• Vanaspati

Industri
Palm •Stearin • CBS
Oil •RBDPO • Confectionaries
(Pabrik
Kelapa

PKS
Sawit)

•PFAD • Creamer
Palm •PMF • Filled milks
Kernel • Coating fats
Oil

NON-PANGAN
OLEOKIMIA

Produk
NON-PANGAN
CRUSHING

Industri

•Fatty acids
Industri

Industri
•Kernel

• Sabun
•Fatty alcohol
• Deterjen
•Fatty amides • Shampoo
•Fatty amines • Emulsifier
•Gliserol • Biodiesel
• Explosives
Palm • Pakan ternak
• Biomass fuel
Kernel Meal
RANTAI PASOK INDUSTRI KELAPA SAWIT KINI
Downstream Consumer
Upstream Midstream
Processing Product

Aktivitas • Refining • Packaging &

• Perkebunan • Crushing (kernel) • Fractionation Branding
•Bulking • Oleochemical • Food Products
• PKS/Milling • Esterification
• Trading • Non-food Products
• Refined Product
Storage

Product • RBD Palm Oil • Cooking Oil, frying fats

•Crude PKO
• PFAD • Margarine
• TBS, buah, biji • PALM KERNEL CAKE
• RBDP Olein • Shortening
• CPO • RBDP Stearin • Vanaspati
• Palm Kernel • RBDPK Olein • Ice cream, non diary creamer
• RBDPK Stearin • Candle, soap
• Residue biomassa: • CBE, CBS, CBR • Emulsifiers
- Cangkang •Hydrogenated fat • Vitamin E Supplements
- tandan kosong • Fatty Acid, • Confectionery
Alcohols, • Bakery fats
- serat presan Amines, • Biodiesel
•Residue KEBUN: Amides • Energy generation
• Glycerine • Animal feed
- Batang • Palm Methyl Esters • Organic
- Pelepah fertiliser from biomass

Palm oil is the most widely consumed vegetable oil on the

planet, and it is in about half of all packaged products sold in the
supermarket (WWF, 2016)
Indonesia sudah mengekspor 154 jenis produk kelapa sawit
 Tabel Peningkatan Nilai Tambah
Produk Hilir Kelapa Sawit
No Produk Harga Nilai Tambah
USD/ton (CPO/CPKO)

1 CPO 1.168 0 % (basis)

2 CPKO 1.322 14%
3 Minyak Goreng Sawit 1.575 35%
(kemasan/curah)
4 Margarine/Shortening 1.732 48%
5 Confectionaries *) 1.850 39%
6 Metil Ester 2.123 82%
7 Fatty Acids 2.820 141%
8 Fatty Alcohol *) 4.200 217%
9 Surfaktan 5.450 366%
10 Kosmetik **) 8.230 522%

Harga per April 2012. Perhitungan menggunakan basis massa

12
(%massa) dengan faktor konversi
*)berbasis CPKO. **) bahan dasar kosmetik
(Kemenperin, 2012)
The Future of Indonesian Oil Palm
Industries
 2
PRODUK (OLEO) PANGAN
RAFINASI & FRAKSIONASI (untuk CPO)

Crude PO
No 6
HS 1511.10.00

Degumming,
Fraksionasi tkt 1
Bleaching & Refining

Crude POL ; Crude Palm Stearin RBD Palm Oil ;

HS 1511.90.19 HS 1511.90.11 HS ex 1511.90.92.00
1511.90.12.00 ex 1511.90.99.00 No 18
1511.90.20
No 8

Degumming, Bleaching & Refining Fraksionasi tkt 1

RBD POL ; RBD P.Stearin RBD P.Stearin RBD POL ; HS

HS ex HS 1511.90.91.10 HS 1511.90.91.10 ex.1511.90.92.00 dan
1511.90.92.00 dan 1511.90.91.90 1511.90.91.90 ex.1511.90.99.00
ex. 1511.90.99.00 HS 1511.90.31 HS 1511.90.31 1511.90.32.00
No 19
1511.90.32.00 No 19
No 17
No 17
KOMPOSISI ASAM LEMAK

Fatty Acid Palm Oil Palm Kernel Oil

SAFA 50 82
MUFA 40 16
PUFA 10 2
TFA 0 0
MINYAK SAWIT vs MINYAK INTI SAWIT
Minyak Sawit Minyak Inti Sawit
Iodine Value (Wij’s) 50 – 55 17 – 19
Slip Melting Point (oC) 33 – 39 26 – 28
Solid Fat Content Profile 80
70 Palm Oil
60 Palm Kernel Oil
50

SFC (%)
40
30
20
10
0
10 20 25 30 35 40
Temperature (oC)

Aplikasi Frying CBS

Baking Coating
Filling/Creaming Filling/Creaming
Spreads Ice cream
Non Dairy Creamer
 PALM OIL AS OLEOFOOD
CONFECTIONERY BAKERY CULINARY FUNCTIONAL
FATS OIL/FAT OIL/FAT OIL/FAT

CBE CBR Margarine Hardstock Fat

Frying Oil /
(Cocoa Butter (Cocoa Butter
Shortening
Equivalent) Replacer) Shortening Hardener

CBS Coating Fat Salad Oil HMFS

(Cocoa Butter Butter Oil
(Human Milk Fat
Substitute) Cream Fat Substitute (BOS)
Substitute)

Spray Oil SUS Fat

Milk Fat
Spread Fat (Synthetic
Replacer
Release Oil Cocoa Butter)
 19
19
Carsurin
Carsurin MaritimeInstitute
Maritime Institute
PEMANFAATAN MINYAK SAWIT & MINYAK INTI
SAWIT UNTUK PRODUK NUTRASETIKAL

KOMPONEN MINOR MINYAK SAWIT

1. Beta-Carotene
2. Tocopherol dan Tocotrienol (Vitamin E)

Product Carotene Tocopherols +

(ppm) tocotrienols (ppm)
Palm Oil 500 800
Palm Olein 500 800
Palm Stearin 250 450
Palm Superolein 500 800
Palm Mid Fraction 350 500
 KOMPONEN MINOR MINYAK SAWIT
3. Phenolic Compounds
4. Sterol
5. Ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q10)
6. Squalene

Komponen Crude Palm Oil Red Palm Olein

Campesterol (ppm) 46.4 – 150 76 – 83
Stigmasterol (ppm) 26.3 – 65.7 59 – 64
Sitosterol (ppm) 120 – 369.5 187 – 218
Ubiquinone-10 (ppm) 10 - 80 18 - 25

Types Free Fatty Vitamin E Sterol

Acid (%) (ppm) (ppm)
PFAD1 94 14,685 8,160
PFAD2 46 634 110
Sumber: www.google.com
 3
PRODUK (OLEO) KIMIA
 OLEOKIMIA DASAR DAN TURUNANNYA

Esterifikasi Gliserida parsial

Gliserol
Hidrolisis
Triasetin
Esterifikasi
Ester asam lemak
Epoksidasi
Alkyl epoxy ester
Asam lemak Ethoxylasi
Asam lemak ehoxylate
(fatty acid)
Konjugasi
Conjugated fatty acid

Asam lemak jenuh

Hardening Propoxlation Fatty alkohol alkoxylate
Reaksi Guerbet Alkohol Guerbet Sulfatasi
Fatty alkohol eter sulfat
Klorinasi
Alkyl klorida Fosfatisasi
Minyak Fatty Fatty alkohol eter fosfat
Ethoxylasi
dan alkohol Fatty alkohol ethoxylate Sulfitasi
Fatty alkohol
Lemak Esterifikasi Sulfatasi sulfosuccinate
Fatty alkohol sulfat
Metil ester Hidrogenasi Esterifikasi Sukrolisis
Transesterifikasi asam lemak Ester Sukrosa ester

Sulfonasi α-sulfo fatty acid ester

Fatty acid alkanolamide

Amidasi
Epoxidized trigliserida
Epoksidasi
Ethoxylated trigliserida
Ethoxylasi
Hydrogenated oil
Hidrogenasi
Turkey red oil
Sumber : Huy (1996)
Sulfatasi
 Agrochemical methylamine

Karet Epoxy
plasticizer

Kertas Octylphenol
ethoxylate

Logam linear alcohol

ethoxylate
Jenis Aplikasi
Industri toiletries Contoh
Jenis oleokimia
yang digunakan
Tekstil ethoxylated
tallow amine

Pangan sukrosa ester

Kosmetik dietanolamida

Pasta gigi sodium lauryl

sulfate
 APLIKASI SURFAKTAN UNTUK INDUSTRI

Anti-dusting agetns for coals

Water treatment chemicals
Chemical for palm oil Scale inhibitors
fractionation

Deinking agents
Palm Oils
Defoaming agents Others Energy
Environment
Food
Dispersants for CaCO3

Plastics Water
Scouring and bleaching agents Treatment
Pulp &
Dyeing auxiliaries
Softening agents
Antistatic agents
Shade improvers Paper
Surfaktan :
Metal
Textile  Surfaktan Anionik
Concrete additives
Gypsum board additives
 Srfaktan Kationik
Asphalt emulsifiers.
 Surfaktan Amfoterik
Oilfield
Construction  Surfaktan Nonionik

Firefighting
Agro Foam
chemicals Emulsion
Polymerization
Adjuvants
Additives for agrochemicals
Anti-caking agents Detergent Explosive
Wood preservativesv Toiletries Material
Fermentation
Cosmetics
Laundry
Fermentation
detergent Additives for
additives
chemicals Foaming agents polymerization
for toothpastes 28
Cosmetics
28
Carsurin
Carsurin
chemicals MaritimeInstitute
Maritime Institute Source : Modification of KAO Indonesia Chemicals Information
 Persentase Pasar Surfaktan

Konstruksi
Plastik 5.5% Bahan peledak
0.5% Pangan 0.1% Lainnya
2.3%
Polimerisasi 6.2%
emulsi
3.4%
Kertas
1.4%

Tekstil & kulit

Produk
8.4%
pembersih
Industri cat 62.9%
1.9% Agrochemicals
Perminyakan 2.3%
5.1%
29
Sumber : www.chemsoc.org 29
Carsurin
Carsurin MaritimeInstitute
Maritime Institute
 Jenis Industri Jenis oleokimia yang digunakan
Kosmetik Gliserol, asam lemak, propylene glycol, dietanolamida, etanolamida
 Jenis Industri Jenis oleokimia yang digunakan
Pasta gigi gliserol, sodium lauryl sulfate, polyethylene glycol, hydrogenated oil
 Jenis Industri Jenis oleokimia yang digunakan
Tekstil Ethoxylated dodecylphenol phospate ester, ethoxylated linear
alcohol phosphate ester, ethoxylated tridecylalcohol phosphate
ester, ethoxylated alkyl sulfate, ethoxylated sorbitan monolaurat,
ethoxylated tallow amine
 Jenis Industri Jenis oleokimia yang digunakan
Pangan Calcium stearoyl lactylate (CSL), diacetyl tartaric acid ester of mono-
and diglycerides (DATEM), ethoxylated monogliserida, ethoxylated
digliserida, monogliserida, digliserida, polysorbate 20/40/60/65/80,
sorbitan monostearat, succinylated monogliserida, karoten, gliserol,
sukrosa ester, polyglycerol ester

margarin
 Jenis Industri Jenis oleokimia yang digunakan
Agrochemical methylamine, nonylphenol ethoxylate, lauryl alcohol ethoxylate, fatty
acid athoxylate, tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate, sodium
disulfosuccinate, sodium lignosulfonate, dodecylbenzene sulfonate
 Jenis Industri Jenis oleokimia yang digunakan
Karet Epoxy plasticizer, asam stearat, polyester polyol, butylamine
 Jenis Industri Jenis oleokimia yang digunakan
Kertas Ethoxylated nonyl/octylphenol phosphate ester, ethoxylated linear
alcohol phosphate ester, polyoxyethylene nonyl/octylphenol,
octylphenol ethoxylate
 Jenis Industri Jenis oleokimia yang digunakan
Logam Ethoxylated nonylphenol phosphate ester, linear alcohol ethoxylate,
sodium acylamido aminopropionate
 4
PRODUK BERBASIS BIOMASSA
 Energy

Particle board
Energy uses
MDF portion
Incineration

Pulp and paper

Composting

Mulch mat and baling

39
39
Carsurin
Carsurin MaritimeInstitute
Maritime Institute
 Pulp and Paper
OPEFB

CHIPPING

Chemical PULPING

Pulp

PAPER
PRODUCT SPESIFICATION
• Gramatur (g/m2) : 80 – 83.5
• Thickness (mm) : Maks. 0.10
• Strength Index (Nm/kg) : 33.6 - 35
40
• Tear Index (Nm2/kg) : 6.99 – 8.80
Collaborative research IOPRI – BBS Bandung
 BioChar-Briquet
Empty Fruit Bunch
(OPEFB)

CARBONIZATION

BRIQUET

DRYING

BioChar- Calorie: 5,578 cal/g

BRIQUET 41
 Composting

• Utilize only OPEFB and

POME
• Without added any bioactivator
• High quality and homogen compost
• High Nutrion Value

Collaborative research IOPRI – FAL , Germany

42
 OPEFB: Composition

No Composition % *)
1. Ash 6.23
2. Silica 1.10
3. Lignin 20.62
4. Extractive material 7.78
5. Holo-cellulose 66.07
- Cellulose 37.50
- Hemi-cellulose 28.43

*) dry weight
43
 OPEFB Pretreatment

44

Source: US Department of Energy (DOE)

 OPEFB Fractionation

OPEFB
Chopped

Fractionation Cellulose

Hemicellulose Lignin Lignin

in Water Separation

45
Pilot scale equipment

Capacity: 20 kg dry OPEFB per

day

Product:
• Cellulose > 93%
• Black liquor: - Lignin
- Hemicellulose

46
Cellulose

47 47
 Cellulose: Potential Product

Sugar • Bioethanol
• Lactic Acid

Cellulose: unbranced polymer

Biopolymer • Cellulose ester

/Bioplastic • Nitrocellulose

48
 Cellulose to Sugar

Enzyme
(Celulase and
Celobiose)

Cellulose > 93%

Extractive < 3%
Lignin < 1% 82.5% convert
to sugar

Cellulose 2 – 8 %

Enzymatic hydrolysis 72 h, 45 oC

49
 Bioethanol

Should be
increaesed !!!??
Screened
Sugar Micro-organisme
(7%) (S. Cereviceae)
Ethanol
Aseton ( 20%)
Buthanol
Ethanol Aseton

(32,5 g/l Buthanol

Alkohol)
Fermentation Distillation

50
 Lactic Acid

Lactic
Acid
Lactic acid uses:
• Acid Milk, used in sour milk product
such as yoghurt and cheese
• Anti bacterial agent
Glucose • Soap-scum removal
• Monomer for producing bioplastic
and biopolymer: polylactic acid,
polylactide 51
 OH

OH
OH
OH 1,2-Propanediol OR

O O
Acrylic acid
OH Esters lactic

OH
O O
H O
Lactic acid
O O
O
Lactide
Acetaldehyde
O O

OH

O O
2,3-Pentanedione Pyruvic acid
 Acetic Acid

Acetobacter

Acetic
Acid
Vinyl acetate

Acetic acid
anhydride Copper acetate

Acetic acid

Esters acetate
Sodium acetate

Monochlor acetic
acid
 Bioplastic

 Cellulose ester
 Nitrocellulose
 PolyLactic Acid

Source: www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/tiedotteet/2009/T2522.pdf

54
 Cellulose ester

Cellulose ester
• Molecular weight: 25,000
• Degree subst : 2.9
Cellulose Esterification • Water abs : 0.6%

Bioplastic Film 55
 BIOPLASTIK BERBASIS
MINYAK DAN BIOMASSA SAWIT
Karakter Selulosa Ester
Derajat substitusi 1.7-2.2
Perolehan 88-92% dari alfa selulosa
Kelarutan
• Larut kloroform dan toluene
• Tidak larut Air , air panas, ester dan
larutan asam
Kekuatan tarik 35 - 51 Kg/cm2
Biaya produksi IDR 5.000.000 / kg

Aplikasi Kemasan pangan siap saji

(sesuai untuk industri militer)
Membran (2017)
Material Komposit (2017)
Skala Produksi
Pilot plant Fraksinasi Selulosa
TKS
500 g per batch bioplastik
selulosa ester
 Nitrocellulose

H2SO4/HNO3

Nitrocellulose

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrocellulose
Nitrocellulose uses:
a- cellulose
- Plastic Film
(purity > 90%)
- Lacquer: paint, aircraft dope
- Propellants (R&D of Defense Ministry of RI)
57
 PolyLactic Acid

Lactic Acid

Glucose
Polymerization

Xylose
Galactose

Manose

58
 Lignin
Typical lignin
composition

Carbon : 58 - 66 %
Sodium : 0.05 - 0.4 %
Ash : 0.3 – 1 %
H2COH
H2COH
CH2
CH2
CH3O
CH2OH
Sulphur :1–3%
HO 28 CH

OH
CH
CH
H3CO
26 H2 COH
CH
HC O
Nitrogen : 0.05 - 1 %
OCH3 CH3 27
16

Carbohydrates : 0.5-1.5 %
CH O CH OCH3
6
H3CO
H C O Carbohydrate
OH 25
H COH H2COH
OCH3
OH C CH CH2OH 15
CH2OH H3CO HC O
HC O
O CH2OH H3CO HC 14 OH O CH
H3CO OCH3
O CH 24
5 7

HC O HC
O
CH2
H3CO
13
CH2OH
H2 COH
HC O
Purity can easily be improved if
HC CH HCOH
HC

HOH2C
4
OH
OCH3
H2C
O
CH O CH
HOCH
H2COH
HC O 23
needed
HOCH 8 OCH3
3 CHO
H3CO 12 CHO
HC CH2OH O
O CH H3CO 17 CH
H2C O CH CH
CH O
OHC CH CH2OH
O CH HOCH
O H2COH 22
H3CO CH2OH 9 O CH
H3CO HC OCH3
2 10 H2COH
OH H3C O HC O
18
C O H2 COH C O
H3CO 21
O CH HC CH
HC O CH2 OCH3
CH2OH HC CH2
HO 19 CH HC O
H3CO O
H2COH H COH
1
11 59
H3CO 20
HCOH
OH OCH3
HCOH
OH
H2C O
 Lignin: Potential Product

Biofuel • Powder
• Pellet
• Briquette
H2COH
CH2 CH3O
Active Carbon Carrier for slow
CH2OH
H2COH CH2
HO 28 CH

OH

6
OCH3
CH
CH

16
CH3
CH
H3CO
26

O
H2 COH
CH

CH
HC O

27
OCH3
release fertilizer
H3CO
H C O Carbohydrate
OH 25 H2COH

Dispersant
H COH OCH3
OH C CH CH2OH 15
CH2OH H3CO HC O
HC O
O CH2OH H3CO HC 14 OH O CH
H3CO
5

HC

HC
O HC
HC
7
OCH3

O
CH2
CH
O

H3CO
CH

13
CH2OH
H2 COH
HC
HCOH
24

O
• Benzene
• Binder
4 H2C CH O CH
OH O H2COH
HOH2C HOCH
OCH3 HC O 23
HOCH 8 OCH3
3 CHO
H3CO 12 CHO
HC CH2OH O
O CH H3CO 17 CH

Chemicals • Phenol
H2C O CH CH
CH O
OHC CH CH2OH
O CH HOCH
O H2COH 22
H3CO CH2OH 9 O CH
H3CO HC OCH3
2 10 H2COH

• Vanilin synthetic
OH H3CO HC O
18
C O H2 COH C O
H3CO 21
O CH HC CH
HC O CH2 OCH3
CH2OH HC CH2
HO 19 CH HC O
H3CO O
H2COH H COH
1
11
H3CO 20
HCOH
OH OCH3
HCOH
OH
H2C O

Dispersant 60

Activated Carbon Lignin Pellet Carbon Fibres

 Hemicellulose

Xylan Hydrogel

Others:

• Polymer (PLA)
Galactoglucomanans
• Xylitol, Furfural

• Sugar Acid

• Emulsifier

• Chemical modification 61
 The Future Oil Palm Industry

Oil for
Palm Oil Mill oleoFOOD &
oleochemical
OPEFB
Fibre Processing Pulp and
Oil Palm Plantation Cellulose
Black liquor (FIBRE)
Primary Conversion NG BioFUEL
Treatment

Conversion FINE
Chemicals
Aset yang dikelola PPKS (% dalam nilai asset Rp)

BUMN BUMN

Kementerian
Kementerian Pertanian
Kantor & Perumahan Pertanian Kebun Induk

BUMN BUMN

Kementerian Kementerian
Laboratorium
Pertanian Kebun Percobaan & Pertanian
Komersial

63