PENGAMATAN PERALATAN ROTATING SYSTEM DI RIG

R – 600 (PPSDM MIGAS)

KERJA PRAKTEK

Disusun Oleh:

DOMINGOS LEKI SARMENTO

15.06.02.0021

JURUSAN TEKNIK PERMINYAKAN

FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS DILI
2019
 HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

PENGAMATAN PERALATAN ROTATING SYSTEM DI RIG R – 600

(PPSDM MIGAS)

KERJA PRAKTEK

Diajukan Guna Melengkapi Syarat Untuk Mencapai Gelar Sarjana Teknik

Perminyakan pada Fakultas Teknik Perminyakan Universitas Dili (UNDIL)

Disusun Oleh:
DOMINGOS LEKI SARMENTO
15.06.02.0021

Kerja Praktek ini Telah Disetujuhi Pada

Tanggal………Bulan……….Tahun 2019

DISETUJUHI:

Dosen Pembimbing I Dosen Pembimbing II

(Manuela O. de Carvalho Maia, S.T.) (Custodio Assis C. Ximenes, S.T.)

Ketua Jurusan;
Teknik Perminyakan

(Helio Menezes, S.T., M.T.)

ii
 KATA PENGATAR

Puji syukur penyusun panjatkan kehadirat Tuhan Allah yang Maha

Esa,atas segala Rahmat dan Anugerah-Nyalah penyusun mendapat kesempatan
untuk menyelesaikan laporan kerja praktek ini dengan judul ‘’PENGAMATAN
PERALATAN ROTATING SYSTEM DI RIG R – 600 (PPSDM MIGAS)’’
Dalam penyusun laporan kerja praktek ini tentunya tidak mungkin dapat
terselesaikan dengan sempurna tampa bantuan berbagai pihak, oleh karena itu
penyusun mengucapkan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kapada:
1. Bapak Jose Agostino Da Costa Belo Pereira S. IP, SH. M.M,. Selaku
Rektor di Universitas Dili (UNDIL).
2. Bapak Agapito M. Fatima, S.T.,M.T., Selaku Ketua Fakultas Teknik di
Universitas Dili (UNDIL).
3. Bapak Helio Menezes, S.T., M.T., Selaku Ketua Jurusan Teknik
Perminyakan di Universitas Dili.
4. Ibu Manuela Olivera De C. Maia, S.T., Selaku Dosen Pembimbing I
5. Bapak Custodio Assis C. Ximenes, S.T., Selaku Dosen Pembimbing II.
6. Bapak dan Ibu dosen jurusan Teknik Perminyakan lainnya yang telah
mempelajari teori-teori dan disiplin di dalam teknik perminyakan.
7. Kepada semua teman – teman dan keluarga saya yang telah mendorong
saya untuk menyelesaikan laporan kerja praktek ini.
Penyusun sadar bahwa dalam laporan kerja praktek ini masih jauh dari
sempurna. Oleh karena itu penyusun sangat mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang
bersifat membangun untuk dapat mempersiapkan penyusun agar lebih baik lagi di
masa yang akan datang.

Dili,…. Maret 2019

Penyusun

(Domingos Leki Sarmento)

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 INTISARI

Operasi pengeboran adalah membuat lubang sumur secara aman pada

lapisan permukaan tanah sampai menembus formasi produktif. Termasuk
lapangan minyak yang ada di Indonesia daerah Cepu, pada periode zaman Hindia
Belanda ditemukan rembesan minyak di daerah pulau Jawa, periode zaman
Japang ke Indonesia yaitu keinginan Japan untuk menguasai daerah-daerah
sumber minyak dan pada periode zaman kemerdekaan sampai sekaran kilang
minyak di Cepu mengalami perkembabangan yang sangat maju.
Pada perkembangan teknologi yang baru di dunia perminyakan saat ini
digunakan dalam operasi pembuatan sumur pengeboran, secara garis besar
peralatan dapat dibagi menjadi lima sistem peralatan utama yaitu, sistem tenaga,
sistem angkat, sistem putar, sistem sirkulasi dan sistem pencegah sembur liar.
Rotary System merupakan alat untuk mengebor sumur baruh dari peran
Kelly, drill pipe (DP), drill collar (DC) dan BIT sebagai alat pemutar rangkaian
pemboran (String) di Rig Pemboran. Rotary System merupakan salah satu
penerapan teknologi yang dapat membantu pelaksanaan pemboran sehingga
menghemat waktu dan tenaga. Pengamatan dilakukan pada Rotary System di Rig
R – 600.
Mengingat peran Rotary System yang sangat signifikan, maka operasional
drilling pada suatu Rig saat ini sudah banyak yang menggunakan Rotary System
dengan tujuan melakukan proses eksplorasi migas yang bernilai ekonomis dan
efisien yang dilakukan serta merta untuk memenuhi kebutuhan Negara dan
mensejahterakan rakyat.

Kata kunci : Rotary System, Rig Pemboran, R – 600

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 ABSTRATU

Operasaun perfurasaun mak halo fura/rai-kuak ho seguru, no hlo rai kabeer

to'o formasaun produktif. Inklui mós sidade fatin públiku, mina ne'ebé iha área
Indonesia Cepu, iha tempu ne'ebé hetan periode Hindia Belanda rembesan mina
iha área illa Jawa, periode Indonesia Japang, tempu ne'eba Japan ba Indonesia
hakarak atu domina área hun ba mina ne’ebe iha Indonesia, no iha periode tempu
ne'ebé ukun an/liberdade, to'o agora refinaria mina iha Cepu hetan
kresimentu/folin ne'ebé bo’ot liu.
Iha teknologi ne'ebé foun mina-rai iha mundu ne ' e, iha tempu ida ne'e uza
ba adorasaun iha operasaun fura posu, ekipamentu fahe ba lima ekipamentu
ne’ebe espesiál maka hanesan, sistema forsa, sistema foti sa'e, sistema rotasaun,
sistema sirkulasaun no sistema prevensaun.
Sistema rotasaun sai instrumentu ne ' ebé importante atu fura posu/ mina
foun husi Kelly, drill pipe (DP), drill collar (DC) no Bit, sai hanesan ekipamentu
rotasaun husi Rig perfurasaun. Sistema rotasaun sai hanesan teknologi ida ne'ebé
bele ajuda hodi hala’o prosesu perfurasaun tuir nia tempu no ninia forsa.
Observasaun direitamente ba ekipamentu sistema rotasaun (Rotary System) iha
Rig R – 600.
Servisu husi sistema rotasaun partikular tebes, operasaun perfurasaun ba
Rig barak ona, ne'ebé iha tempo ne’e uza sistema rotasaun ho nia objetivu atu halo
proses eksplorasaun migas ne ' ebé ho valor boo tebes ne’ebe maka hala’o hodi
atinje nesesidade nasaun no povu nia presiza.

Liafuan Xave: Sistema Kee/bor, Rig Perfurasaun, R 600

v
 ABSTRACT

Drilling operation is to make well hole safely at coat surface of land;

ground penetrate productive formation. Including oil field exist in Indonesia Cepu
area, at period of Indi-Belanda epoch found by oil porosity in Java area, period of
epoch of Japan to Indonesia that is desired of Japan to master oilfield areas and at
period of independence epoch hitherto refinery in natural Cepu of very growth go
forward.
At growth of new technology in oil world is in this time used in operation
making of drilling well, marginally equipments could be divided in to five
especial equipments system that are, power system, hoisting system, rotary
system, circulation system and BOP.
Rotary System represent appliance to drill new well of role of Kelly, drill
pipe ( DP), drill collar ( DC) and BEET as a mean of turn around drilling network
(String) in Rig Drilling. Rotary System represent one of the adjusment of
technology able to assist execution of drilling so that economize energy and time.
Perception done/conducted by at Rotary System in Rig R - 600.
Considering role of very Rotary System of function, hence operational of
drilling at one particular Rig in this time a lot have use Rotary System with a
purpose to process efficient and economic valuable migas exploration which
done/conducted at moment's notice to fulfill requirement of State and is secure
and prosperous of people.

Keyword : Rotary System, Drilling Rig, R - 600

vi
 DAFTAR ISI

Halaman
HALAMAN JUDUL ............................................................................................ i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN .............................................................................. ii
KATA PENGANTAR ......................................................................................... iii
INTISARI ............................................................................................................ iv
ABSTRATU ........................................................................................................... v
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................... vii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................... x
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................... 1
1.1. Latar Belakang .............................................................................................. 1
1.2. Maksud Dan Tujuan ...................................................................................... 1
1.2.1. Maksud ..................................................................................................... 1
1.2.2. Tujuan ...................................................................................................... 2
1.3. Manfaat .......................................................................................................... 2
1.4. Waktu dan Tempat Pelaksanaan .................................................................... 2
1.5. Ruang Lingkup ............................................................................................. 2
1.6. Metodologi Penelitian .................................................................................... 2
1.7. Sistematika Penulisan .................................................................................... 3
BAB II TINJAUAN UMUM LAPANGAN ......................................................... 4
2.1. Sejarah Pusat Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Cepu ......................... 4
2.1.1. Periode Zaman Hindia Belanda ( Tahun 1886 - 1942 ) ............................ 4
2.1.2. Periode Zaman Jepang ( Tahun 1942 - 1945 ) .......................................... 5
2.1.3. Periode Zaman Kemerdekaan ( Tahun 1945 ) .......................................... 5
2.1.3.1. Periode 1945 – 1950 ........................................................................ 6
2.1.3.2. Periode 1950 – 1951 ........................................................................ 6
2.1.3.3. Periode 1951 – 1957 ........................................................................ 6
2.1.3.4. Periode 1957 – 1961 ........................................................................ 6
2.1.3.5. Periode 1961 – 1966 ........................................................................ 6

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 2.1.3.6. Periode 1966 – 1978 ........................................................................ 7
2.1.3.7. Periode 1978 – 19841 ...................................................................... 7
2.1.3.8. Periode 1984 – 2001 ........................................................................ 7
2.1.3.9. Periode 2001 – 2016 ........................................................................ 8
2.1.3.10. Periode 2016 – Sekarang ................................................................. 8
2.2.Tugas Pokok dan Fungsi Pusat Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Minyak
Dan Gas Bumi (PPSDM Migas) Cepu .............................................................. 8
2.2.1. Tugas Pokok.............................................................................................. 8
2.2.2. Visi ............................................................................................................ 8
2.2.3. Misi ........................................................................................................... 9
2.2.4. Fungsi ........................................................................................................ 9
2.3.Struktur Organisasi Pusat Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Minyak Dan
Gas Bumi (PPSDM Migas) Cepu ..................................................................... 9
2.4.Lokasi Pusat Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Minyak Dan Gas Bumi
(PPSDM Migas) Cepu .................................................................................... 11
2.4.1. Lokasi praktek ......................................................................................... 11
2.4.2. Sarana transportasi .................................................................................. 11
2.4.3. Letaknya yang berbatasan antara Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur ........... 11
BAB III DASAR TEORI .................................................................................... 12
3.1. Pengertian pemboran ................................................................................... 12
3.2. Sistem Tenaga (Power System) ................................................................... 13
3.2.1. Prime Mover Unit ................................................................................... 13
3.2.1.1. Jumlah unit mesin yang diperlukan: .............................................. 14
3.2.1.2. Jenis mesin yang digunakan : ........................................................ 14
3.2.2. Distribusi Tenaga Pada Rig .................................................................... 15
3.2.2.1. Mechanical Power Transmision .................................................... 15
3.2.2.2. Electrical Power Transmission ...................................................... 15
3.3. SistemAngkat (Hoisting System) ................................................................. 16
3.3.1. Struktur pendukung (Supporting structure) ............................................ 16
3.3.1.1. Substructure ................................................................................... 18
3.3.1.2. Rig floor......................................................................................... 18

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 3.3.2. Peralatan Angkata (Hoisting Equipment) ............................................... 18
3.3.2.1. Drawwork ...................................................................................... 18
3.3.2.2. Overhead tools ............................................................................... 19
3.3.2.3. Drilling line ................................................................................... 20
3.4. Sistem Putar (Rotating System) ................................................................... 20
3.4.1. Swivel ..................................................................................................... 21
3.4.2. Peralatan putar (Rotating Equipment) ..................................................... 22
3.4.2.1. Meja Putar (Rotary Table) ............................................................. 23
3.4.2.2. Bantalan Utama (Master Bushing) ............................................... 23
3.4.2.3. Kelly Bushing ................................................................................ 24
3.4.2.4. Rotary Slip ..................................................................................... 24
3.4.2.5. Slip Bowl ....................................................................................... 24
3.4.2.6. Safety Clamp ................................................................................. 24
3.4.2.7. Rotary Tong ................................................................................... 24
3.4.2.8. Kelly Spinner ................................................................................. 25
3.4.2.9. Top Drrive ..................................................................................... 25
3.4.3. Rangkaian Pengeboran (Drill Stem) ....................................................... 25
3.4.3.1. Kelly .............................................................................................. 26
3.4.3.2. Upper Kelly Cock .......................................................................... 27
3.4.3.3. Lower Kelly Cock ......................................................................... 27
3.4.3.4. Kelly Saver Sub ............................................................................. 27
3.4.3.5. Drill Pipe ....................................................................................... 27
3.4.3.6. Heavy Weight Drill Pipe ............................................................... 28
3.4.3.7. Drill Collar..................................................................................... 28
3.4.3.8. Bottom Hole Assembly ................................................................. 28
3.4.4. Mata Bor (BIT)........................................................................................ 30
3.5. Sistem Sirkulasi (Circulating System) ......................................................... 31
3.5.1. Lumpur pengeboran (Drilling Fluid) ...................................................... 31
3.5.1.1. Water Based Mud .......................................................................... 32
3.5.1.2. Oil Based Mud ............................................................................... 32
3.5.1.3. Oil Or Gas Based Mud ................................................................. 32

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 3.5.2. Tempat persiapan (Preparation Area) .................................................... 33
3.5.2.1. Rumah Lumpur (Mud House) ....................................................... 33
3.5.2.2. Tangki Lumpur (Mud Tank) .......................................................... 33
3.5.2.3. Mixing Hopper .............................................................................. 34
3.5.2.4. Chemical Mixing Barrel ................................................................ 34
3.5.2.5. Bulk Mud Storage Bins ................................................................. 34
3.5.2.6. Tangki Air (Water Tank) ............................................................... 34
3.5.3. Peralatan Sirkulasi (Circulating Equipment) .......................................... 35
3.5.3.1. Pompa Lumpur (Mud Pump) ......................................................... 35
3.5.3.2. Suction Tank .................................................................................. 35
3.5.3.3. Suction Line................................................................................... 36
3.5.3.4. Discharge Line............................................................................... 36
3.5.3.5. Stand Pipe ...................................................................................... 36
3.5.3.6. Rotary Hose ................................................................................... 36
3.5.3.7. Chiksen Joint ................................................................................. 36
3.5.3.8. Return Line .................................................................................... 36
3.5.4. Tempat Pengkondisian Lumpur Pengeboran .......................................... 37
3.5.4.1. Shale Shaker .................................................................................. 37
3.5.4.2. Degasser ........................................................................................ 37
3.5.4.3. Desander ........................................................................................ 38
3.5.4.4. Desilter .......................................................................................... 38
3.5.4.5. Mud Cleaners................................................................................. 38
3.6. Sistem Pencegah Semburan Liar (Blow Out Preventer System) ................. 38
3.6.1. Annular preventer ................................................................................... 40
3.6.2. Ram Preventer ......................................................................................... 41
3.6.3. Drilling Spools ........................................................................................ 41
3.6.4. Casing Head (Well Head) ....................................................................... 42
3.6.5. Accumulator Unit.................................................................................... 42
3.6.6. Supporting System .................................................................................. 42
BAB IV PENGAMATAN PERALATAN ROTATING SYSTEM ................. 43
4.1. Peralatan Putar (Rotary Assembly) .............................................................. 43

x
 4.1.1. Meja Putar (Rotary Table) ...................................................................... 44
4.1.1.1. Fungsi Meja Putar (Rotary Table): ................................................ 44
4.1.1.2. Mekanisme Kerja dari Meja Putar (Rotary Table) ....................... 45
4.1.2. Master Bushing ....................................................................................... 45
4.1.2.1. Master Bushing Ada Dua Tipe: ..................................................... 45
4.1.2.2. Fungsi Master Bushing .................................................................. 46
4.1.2.3. Mekanisme Kerja Master Bushing ................................................ 46
4.1.3. Kelly Bushing ......................................................................................... 46
4.1.3.1. Fungsi Kelly Bushing .................................................................... 46
4.1.3.2. Mekanisme Kerja Kelly Bushing .................................................. 46
4.1.4. Rotary Slips ............................................................................................. 47
4.1.4.1. Fungsi Rotary Slip ......................................................................... 47
4.1.4.2. Mekanisme Kerja Rotary Slip ....................................................... 47
4.1.5. Safety Clamp ........................................................................................... 47
4.1.5.1. Fungsi Safety Clamp ..................................................................... 48
4.1.5.2. Mekanisme Kerja Safety Clamp .................................................... 48
4.1.6. Rotary Tong ............................................................................................ 48
4.1.6.1. Fungsi Rotary Tong ....................................................................... 48
4.2. Rangkaian Pipa Bor ..................................................................................... 48
4.2.1. Swivel ..................................................................................................... 49
4.2.1.1. Fungsi Swivel` ............................................................................... 49
4.2.1.2. Mekanisme Kerja Swivel .............................................................. 49
4.2.1.3. Bagian-Bagian Dari Swivel Terdiri Dari :..................................... 49
4.2.2. Kelly........................................................................................................ 50
4.2.2.1. Fungsi Kelly .................................................................................. 51
4.2.2.2. Mekanisme Kerja Kelly................................................................. 51
4.2.3. Drill Pipe (DP) ........................................................................................ 51
4.2.3.1. Fungsi Drill Pipe............................................................................ 51
4.2.3.2. Mekanisme Kerja Drill Pipe .......................................................... 51
4.2.4. Drill Collar (DC) ..................................................................................... 52
4.2.4.1. Jenis-Jenis Drill Collar .................................................................. 52

xi
 4.2.4.2. Fungsi Drill Collar ......................................................................... 53
4.2.4.3. Mekanisme Kerja Drill Collar ....................................................... 53
4.3. Mata Bor (Bit) .............................................................................................. 53
4.3.1. Drag Bit ................................................................................................... 53
4.3.1.1. Fungsi Drag Bit ............................................................................. 54
4.3.1.2. Persoalan-Persoalan Timbul Dalam Penggunaan Drag Bit ........... 54
4.3.2. Roller-Cone Bit (Rock Bit) ..................................................................... 54
4.3.2.1. Roller Cone Bit Ada Dua Macam : ............................................... 55
4.3.2.2. Berdasarkan Roller Con Bit yang di RIG R-600 adalah ............... 55
4.3.2.3. Fungsi Roller Cone Bit .................................................................. 56
4.3.2.4. Mekanisme Roller Cone Bit .......................................................... 56
4.3.3. Diamond Bit ............................................................................................ 56
4.3.3.1. Fungsi Diamond Bit ...................................................................... 56
4.4. Peralatan Dan Tempat Perlengkapan Rotary System .................................. 57
4.4.1. Mouse Hole ............................................................................................. 57
4.4.2. Rate Hole ................................................................................................ 57
BAB V PENUTUP ............................................................................................... 58
5.1. Kesimpulan .................................................................................................. 58
5.2. Saran ............................................................................................................ 59
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................... 60
LAMPIRAN ......................................................................................................... 61

xii
 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Halaman
Gambar 2.1.Struktur Organisasi PPSDM Migas Cepu (PPSDM, 2018) .............. 10
Gambar 2.2. Peta Lokasi PPSDM Migas Cepu (Peta PPSDM, 2018) .................. 11
Gambar 3.1. Sistem Tenaga (Power System) (Drs. M. Mustaghfirin Amin MB .. 13
Gambar 3.2. Letak Sistem Tenaga (Drs. M. Mustaghfirin Amin MBA) .............. 14
Gambar 3.3. Sistem Angkat (Drs. M. Mustaghfirin Amin MBA) ........................ 16
Gambar 3.4. Struktur Pendukung (Supporting Structure) (Drs. M. Mustaghfirin
Amin MBA) ..................................................................................... 17
Gambar 3.5. Drawwork (Drs. M. Mustaghfirin Amin MBA) ............................... 19
Gambar 3.6. Overhead Tools (Drs. M. Mustaghfirin Amin MBA) ...................... 19
Gambar 3.7. Drilling Line (Drs. M. Mustaghfirin Amin MBA) ........................... 20
Gambar 3.8. Rangkaian Pemboran (Drs. M. Mustaghfirin Amin MBA) ............. 21
Gambar 3.9. Swivel (Drs. M. Mustaghfirin Amin MBA) ..................................... 22
Gambar 3.10. Peralatan Putar (Rotating Equipment) (Drs. M. Mustaghfirin Amin
MBA) .............................................................................................. 23
Gambar 3.11.Top Drive (Drs. M. Mustaghfirin Amin MBA) .............................. 25
Gambar 3.12. Rangkaian Pengeboran (Drill Stem) (Drs. M. Mustaghfirin Amin
MBA) .............................................................................................. 26
Gambar 3.13. Bottom Hole Assembly (Drs. M. Mustaghfirin Amin MBA) ........ 30
Gambar 3.14. Bit (Drs. M. Mustaghfirin Amin MBA) ......................................... 30
Gambar 3.15. Sistem Sirkulasi (Drs. M. Mustaghfirin Amin MBA) .................... 31
Gambar 3.16. Material Lumpur Pengeboran(Drs. M. Mustaghfirin Amin MBA) 32
Gambar 3.17. Tempat Persiapan (Preparation Area) (Drs. M. Mustaghfirin Amin
MBA) .............................................................................................. 33
Gambar 3.18. Peralatan Sirkulasi (Drs. M. Mustaghfirin Amin MBA) ................ 35
Gambar 3.19. Peralatan Pengkondisi Lumpur Pengeboran (Drs. M. Mustaghfirin
Amin MBA) .................................................................................... 37
Gambar 3.20. BOP System (Drs. M. Mustaghfirin Amin MBA) ......................... 40
Gambar 3.21. Annular Preventer (Drs. M. Mustaghfirin Amin MBA) ................ 40

xiii
Gambar 3.22. Pipe Ram Preventer (Drs. M. Mustaghfirin Amin MBA) .............. 41
Gambar 3.23. Drilling Spool (Drs. M. Mustaghfirin Amin MBA) ....................... 41
Gambar 3.24. Accumulator Unit (Drs. M. Mustaghfirin Amin MBA) ................. 42
Gambar 3.25. Choke Manifold (Drs. M. Mustaghfirin Amin MBA) ................... 42
Gambar 4.1. Meja Putar (Rotary Table) (Penyusun, 2018) .................................. 44
Gambar 4.2. Master Bushing Solid (Penyusun, 2018) .......................................... 45
Gambar 4.3. Kelly Bushing (Penyusun, 2018) ..................................................... 46
Gambar 4.4. Rotary Slip (Penyusun, 2018) .......................................................... 47
Gambar 4.5. Safety Clamp (Penyusun, 2018) ....................................................... 47
Gambar 4.6. Rotary Tong (Penyusun, 2018) ........................................................ 48
Gambar 4.7.Swivel (Penyusun, 2018)................................................................... 49
Gambar 4.8. Kelly (Penyusun, 2018) .................................................................... 50
Gambar 4.9. Drill Pipe (DP) (Penyusun, 2018) .................................................... 51
Gambar 4.10. Drill Collar (DC) (Penyusun, 2018) ............................................... 52
Gambar 4.11. Drag Bit (Penyusun, 2018) ............................................................. 54
Gambar 4.12. Roller Cone Bit (Rock Bit) (Penyusun, 2018) ............................... 55
Gambar 4.13. Diamond Bit (Penyusun, 2018) ...................................................... 56
Gambar 4.14. Mouse Hole (Penyusun, 2018) ....................................................... 57
Gambar 4.15. Rate Hole (Penyusun, 2018) .......................................................... 57

xiv