BAB

Bidang Pembelajaran: Nombor dan Operasi

Indeks
1 Indices

1.1 Tatatanda Indeks

.
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MESTI INGAT

.B
1. Apabila suatu nombor, a, didarab dengan dirinya sendiri sebanyak n kali, nombor itu boleh ditulis sebagai an.
When a number, a, is multiplied by itself n times, the number can be written as an.

dn
2. Bentuk ini juga dikenali sebagai tatatanda indeks dengan a ialah nilai asas dan n ialah nilai indeks.
This form is also known as index notation where a is the base value and n is the index value.
an = a × a × a × … × a

S
n kali / times
3. Indeks juga dikenali sebagai kuasa atau eksponen.
Indices are also known as powers or exponents.

gi
an
1. Tulis setiap tatatanda indeks yang berikut dalam bentuk pendaraban berulang. TP 1 (Buku Teks: m.s 2 – 3)
Write each of the index notation below in the form of repeated multiplication.
l
Pe

Contoh
 12 2 1 1
2
(i) 45 = 4 × 4 × 4 × 4 × 4 (ii) = ×
(a) 2 = 2 × 2 × 2
3
2 2
n
ta

(i) b4 = b × b × b × b (ii) (uvw)2 = uvw × uvw

(b) (–k) = (–k) × (–k) × (–k)
3
bi
er

2. Tulis setiap yang berikut dalam tatatanda indeks. TP 1 (Buku Teks: m.s 2 – 3)
Write each of the following in index notation.
n

Contoh 1 1 1 1 1 4
(i) 4 × 4 × 4 × 4 × 4 × 4 × 4 = 47 (ii) × × × =  2
Pe

(a) 2 × 2 × 2 = 23 2 2 2 2 2

p p p p 3
(ii) r × r × r × r × r = r 5
(b) ab × ab × ab = (ab) 3
(i) × × =
q q q q  2

TP 1 Mempamerkan pengetahuan asas tentang bentuk indeks.

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   Matematik  Tingkatan 3 Bab 1 Indeks

3. Cari nilai bagi setiap yang berikut. TP 2 (Buku Teks: m.s 5 – 6)

Find the value of each of the followings.

Contoh (ii) 104 = 10 × 10 × 10 × 10

(i) 36 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
(a) 25 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 10 000
= 729
= 32 Sudut
Kalkulator
Tekan/Press: 2 ^ 5 =
Jawapan/Answer: 32

.
hd
 45 2 = 45 × 45 × 45  17 2 = 17 × 17  25 2 = 25 × 25 × 25
3
(b)
3
(i)
2
(ii)

64 1 8
= =

.B
= 49 125
125

dn
4. Ungkapkan nombor tunggal yang berikut dalam tatatanda indeks. TP 2 (Buku Teks: m.s 4 – 5)

S
Express the following single numbers in index notation.

Contoh
(a) 256 (asas / base 4)
= 4 × 4 × 4 × 4
= 5 × 5 × 5 × 5
= 54
gi
(i) 625 (asas / base 5) (ii) 729 (asas / base 9)
= 9 × 9 × 9
= 93
an
= 44
l
Pe

32 2 27 3 64 4
(b) (asas / base ) (i) (asas / base ) (ii) – (asas / base – )
3 125 5 64 4 125 5
n

2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4
= × × × × = × × = – × – × –
5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 5 5 5
ta

3 3 4 3
=
2 5
5  2 =
4  2 = –
5  2
bi
n er

S
t
r
a
t
ePT3 1
g
i
Pe

Ungkapkan yang berikut dalam tatatanda indeks. Kira bilangan sebutan yang berulang dan tulis bilangan
Express the following in index notation. tersebut sebagai nilai indeks.
Count the number of repeated terms and write it as index
value.
(–1) × (–1) × (–1) × (–1) × (–1)
Jawapan / Answer:
(–1)5

TP 2 Mempamerkan kefahaman tentang bentuk indeks.

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 Matematik  Tingkatan 3 Bab 1 Indeks 

1.2 Hukum Indeks

MESTI INGAT
1. Bagi semua nilai yang mungkin bagi m dan n, 3. Jika m ialah sebarang integer dan n ialah integer
For all possible values of m and n, positif, maka
(a) am × an = am + n If m is any integer and n is a positive integer, then
(b) am ÷ an = am – n —
m
n —m

.
a n = 1√a 2 , a ≠ 0
(c) (am)n = am × n

hd
(d) (ab)m = ambm 4. Jika n ialah satu integer positif, maka
If n is a positive integer, then
2. Jika n ialah integer positif, maka
a–n = 1n , a ≠ 0

.B
If n is a positive integer, then a
n —
1
—
an = √a , a ≠ 0 5. a0 = 1, a ≠ 0.

dn
5. Permudahkan setiap yang berikut. TP 3 (Buku Teks: m.s 6 – 8)

S
Simplify each of the following.

Contoh (i) 34 × 35 (ii) 45 × 46

(a) 2 × 2

2

= 22 + 3
3
am × a n


= 34 + 5
= 39 gi

= 45 + 6
= 411
an
= am + n

= 25
l
Pe

(b) m6 × m3 (i) p5 × p9 (ii) q7 × q5

= m6 + 3 = p5 + 9 = q7 + 5

= m9 = p14 = q12

n
ta

6. Permudahkan setiap yang berikut.

bi

TP 3 (Buku Teks: m.s 8 – 10)

Simplify each of the following.
er

Contoh (i) 25 ÷ 22 (ii) 55 ÷ 53

(a) 3 ÷ 3
6 3
am ÷ a n = 25 – 2 = 55 – 3
= 36 – 3 = 23 = 52
n

= am – n

= 33
Pe

(b) t8 ÷ t7 (i) u9 ÷ u7 (ii) v6 ÷ v2

= t8 – 7 = u9 – 7 = v6 – 2

=t = u2 = v4

TP 3 Mengaplikasikan kefahaman tentang hukum indeks untuk melaksanakan tugasan mudah.

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   Matematik  Tingkatan 3 Bab 1 Indeks

7. Permudahkan setiap yang berikut. TP 3 (Buku Teks: m.s 12 – 13)

Simplify each of the following.

Contoh (i) 5k2 × 6k6 (ii) 2y8 × 3y4

(a) 2n × 3n
2 5
= 5 × 6 × k2 × k6 = 2 × 3 × y8 × y4
= 2 × 3 × n2 × n5 = 30 × k2 + 6 = 6 × y8 + 4

= 6 × n2 + 5
= 30k8
= 6y12
= 6n7

hd
Kumpulkan dan permudahkan
sebutan algebra yang sama. (iii) 19s 8 × 23s12 (iv) 11m2 × 9m8
Group and simplify like
= 19 × 23 × s 8 × s12 = 11 × 9 × m2 × m8

.B
algebraic terms.
= 437s8 + 12 = 99m2 + 8

= 437s20
= 99m10

S dn
(b) 40x5 ÷ 8x3 (i) 42y6 ÷ 6y2 (ii) 56z11 ÷ 7z4
40x5 42y6 56z11
=
8x3
40
=
6y2
42

gi =
7z4
56

an
= × x5 – 3 = × y6 – 2 = × z11 – 4
8 6 7

= 5x2
= 7y4
= 8z7
l
Pe

(iii) 81p8 ÷ 3p7 (iv) 64u13 ÷ 16u9

81p8 64u13
Kumpulkan dan permudahkan = =
sebutan algebra yang sama. 3p7 16u9
n

Group and simplify like

81 64

algebraic terms. = × p8 – 7 = × u13 – 9
ta

3 16

= 27p
= 4u4
bi
n er

S
t
r
a
t
ePT3 2
g
i
Pe

Permudahkan a7 ÷ a5. Guna hukum indeks:

Simplify a7 ÷ a5. Use the law of indices:
am ÷ an = am – n
Jawapan / Answer:
a7 ÷ a5 = a7 – 5
= a2

TP 3 Mengaplikasikan kefahaman tentang hukum indeks untuk melaksanakan tugasan mudah.

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 Matematik  Tingkatan 3 Bab 1 Indeks 

8. Permudahkan setiap yang berikut. TP 3 (Buku Teks: m.s 12 – 13)

Simplify each of the following.

Contoh (i) (32)2 (ii) (42)3

(a) (22)3 = 32 × 2 = 42 × 3
= 22 × 3 = 34 = 46
(am)n
= am × n

= 26

.
(b) (a3)2 (i) (b4)3 (ii) (c5)4

hd
= a3 × 2 = b4 × 3 = c5 × 4

= a6 = b12 = c20

.B
dn
9. Permudahkan setiap yang berikut. TP 3 (Buku Teks: m.s 12 – 13)
Simplify each of the following.

S
Contoh (i) (3 × 4)2 (ii) (2 × 5)3
(a) (2 × 3) 2
= 32 × 42 = 23 × 53


= 22 × 32
=4×9
(ab)m
= a mb m


= 9 × 16
= 144
gi

= 8 × 125
= 1 000
an
= 36

(b) (ab)5 (i) (hk)8 (ii) (pq)11

l
Pe

= a5 × b5 = h8 × k8 = p11 × q11

= a5b5 = h8k8 = p11q11

n
ta

10. Permudahkan setiap yang berikut. TP 3 (Buku Teks: m.s 12 – 13)

bi

Simplify each of the following.

Contoh (i) ( 
f 5g)3 (ii) (r2s7)4
er

(a) (a b )
3 4 2
= f 5 × 3g1 × 3 = r2 × 4s7 × 4
= a3 × 2b4 × 2 = f 15g3 = r8s28
n

= a6b8
Pe

(b) (7e5)2 (i) (6j 6)3 (ii) (4w3)3

= 72 × e5 × 2 Kembangkan
sebutan dalam
= 63 × j 6 × 3 = 4­3 × w3 × 3

= 49e10 kurungan. = 216j18 = 64w9
Expand the terms
in the brackets.

TP 3 Mengaplikasikan kefahaman tentang hukum indeks untuk melaksanakan tugasan mudah.

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   Matematik  Tingkatan 3 Bab 1 Indeks

11. Nyatakan nilai bagi setiap yang berikut. TP 2 (Buku Teks: m.s 14)
State the value of each of the following.

Contoh
 12 2
0
(a) (–3)0 = 1 (b) =1
100 = 1

1
12. Nyatakan setiap yang berikut dalam bentuk . (Buku Teks: m.s 14 – 16)

.
TP 2
an

hd
1
State each of the following in the form of n .
a

Contoh 1 1
(i) 2–3 = (ii) 3–4 =

.B
1 23 34
(a) 6 = 2
–2
6

dn
1 1 1
(b) p–8 = (i) k–5 = (ii) b–13 =
p8 k5 b13

S
13. Nyatakan setiap yang berikut dalam bentuk a –n. TP 2 gi (Buku Teks: m.s 14 – 16)
an
State each of the following in the form of a –n.

Contoh 1 1
1 (i) = 2–1 (ii) = 25–2
l
(a) 3 = 6–3 2 252
Pe

1 1
1 (i) = n–12 (ii) = v–4
n

(b) = e–6 n12 v4

e6
ta
bi

n —
14. Nyatakan setiap yang berikut dalam bentuk √ a. TP 2 (Buku Teks: m.s 17 – 18)
—
er

n
State each of the following in the form of √ a.

Contoh 1
7—
1
25
 25
— —

32 2
(i) 2 187 7 = √ 2 187 (ii) =3
n

3
1
—— 32
(a) 16 = √ 16
2
Pe

—
1
— —
1
3 — p 1
— p
(b) c 2 = √ c (i) (ab) 3 = √ ab (ii) q2 4
=4 q

TP 2 Mempamerkan kefahaman tentang bentuk indeks.

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 Matematik  Tingkatan 3 Bab 1 Indeks 

1
—
15. Nyatakan setiap yang berikut dalam bentuk a n . TP 2 (Buku Teks: m.s 17 – 18)
1
—
State each of the following in the form of a  . n

Contoh 3 — —
1
64 64
1
—
—
(a) √ 4 = 4
1
—
2
(i) √ 12 = 12 3 (ii) 3
125
= 
125 2 3

4 — 5 —
1 1
— —
1 —
(i) √ m = m 4
—
(ii) √ k  = k 5
(b) √ q  = q 2

.
hd
n —

.B
16. Nyatakan setiap yang berikut dalam bentuk √ a. TP 2 (Buku Teks: m.s 17 – 18)
— n
State each of the following in the form of √ a.

dn
Contoh —
6
5 —6 —
2
3 —2
2
— 3 — 2
(i) 1 000 5 = 1 √ 1 000 2 (ii) 125 3 = 1 √125 2
(a) 8 = 1 √ 8  2
3

S
—
4
3 —4
(b) t 3 = 1 √ t  2
—
3
4 —3
(i) q 4 = 1 √ q 2
gi —
3
—3
(ii) m 2 = 1√ m  2
l an
Pe

Strategi PT3 3
n

Padankan pasangan setara di bawah.

Match the equivalent pairs below.
ta

m 2 × m3 m10
bi
er

(m2)5 m5
Guna hukum indeks:
n

Use law of indices:

• (am)n = amn
Pe

1
• a–n = n
3 a
m–2 —
m2 n — m
m
—
• 1 √ a  2 = a n

— 1
1 √ m 23
m2

TP 2 Mempamerkan kefahaman tentang bentuk indeks.

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   Matematik  Tingkatan 3 Bab 1 Indeks

17. Hitung setiap yang berikut. TP 4 (Buku Teks: m.s 18 – 20)

Calculate each of the following.

Contoh 2
—
2
—
5
—
5
—
3
—
3
— (a) 27 3 = (33) 3 (b) 16 4 = (24) 4
16 = (2 )
4 4 4 2
3×—
5
4×—
3
4×—
= 3 3
= 2 4

= 2 4
= 32 = 25
= 2­3 = 9 = 32
=8

.
Sudut

hd
Kalkulator
Tekan/Press: 1 6 ^ ( 3
a b/c 4 ) =

.B
Jawapan/Answer: 8

2 2 3 3 4 4

dn
— — — — — —
(c) 216 3 = (63) 3 (d) 81 2 = (92) 2 (e) 125 3 = (53) 3
2 3 4
3×— 2×— 3×—
= 6 3 = 9 2 = 5 3
= 62 = 93 = 54

S
= 36 = 729 = 625

gi
l an
Pe

18. Hitung setiap yang berikut. TP 4 (Buku Teks: m.s 20 – 21)

Calculate each of the following.
n

Contoh
(a) 28 ÷ (24 × 3–2)2 (b) (52 ÷ 22)2 ÷ (2–2)2
ta

55 ÷ (52 × 2–3)2 = 28 ÷ (24 × 2 × 3–2 × 2) = 52 × 2 ÷ 22 × 2 ÷ 2–2 × 2

= 55 ÷ (52 × 2 × 2–3 × 2) = 28 ÷ 28 ÷ 3– 4
= 54 ÷ 24 ÷ 2– 4
bi

= 55 ÷ 54 ÷ 2–6 28 – 8 54
= – 4 = 4
1 3 2 × 2– 4

= 55 – 4 ÷ 6
er

2 20 54
= 5 × 26 = =
3– 4 24 – 4
n

= 5 × 64
1 54
= 320 = =
3– 4 20
Pe

= 34 = 54
= 81 = 625

TP 4 Mengaplikasikan pengetahuan dan kemahiran yang sesuai tentang hukum indeks dalam konteks penyelesaian masalah rutin yang mudah.

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 Matematik  Tingkatan 3 Bab 1 Indeks 

19. Nilaikan setiap yang berikut. TP 4 (Buku Teks: m.s 20 – 21)

Evaluate each of the following.

Contoh 1
—
1
–—
3
–—
1
—
3
—
3
–—
1
—
1
—
1
— (i) 2 2 × 5 2
× 10 2
(ii) 7 2 × 2 2 × 14 2

(a) 3 × 4 × 12
2 2 2
1
—
1
–—
3
–—
1
—
3
—
3
–—
1
—
1
—
1
— = 22 × 5 2
× (2 × 5) 2
= 7 2 × 2 2 × (7 × 2) 2

= 3 × 4 × (3 × 4)
2 2 2
1 3
—–—
1 3
–— – —
1 3
—–—
3 3
—–—
1 1
—+—
1 1
—+— = 22 2 × 5 2 2
= 72 2 × 22 2

=3 2
×4
2 2 2
= 2–1 × 5–2 = 7–1 × 20
= 3 × 4 Kumpulkan asas dengan

.
1 1 1
= × 2 =

hd
= 12 nilai yang sama dan 2 5 7
1
gunakan hukum indeks.
Group bases with the =
same value and use the 50

.B
laws of indices.

(b) 8x × 4x × 32–x (i) 42n × 162n × 64–2n (ii) 25p × 16p × 8–3p

dn
= (23)x × (22)x × (25)–x
= (22)2n × (24)2n × (26)–2n
= 25p × (24)p × (23)–3p
= 23x × 22x × 2–5x
= 24n × 28n × 2–12n
= 25p × 24p × 2–9p
= 23x + 2x – 5x
= 24n + 8n – 12n
= 25p + 4p – 9p

S
= 20
= 20
= 20
=1 =1 =1

gi
l an
2 2 4 4 1 3
— — — — — —
(c) 27 3 ÷ 125 3 (i) 8 3 ÷ 27 3 (ii) 36 2 ÷ 25 2
Pe

3 —2 3 —2
4 4 1 3
— — — —
= 1 √ 272 ÷ 1 √125 2 = (23) 3 ÷ (33) 3 = (62) 2 ÷ (52) 2
= 32 ÷ 52 = 24 ÷ 34 = 6 ÷ 53
n

= 9 ÷ 25
= 16 ÷ 81
= 6 ÷ 125
9
= 16 6
ta

25 = =
81 125
bi
er

(d) 9p ÷ 27p ÷ 3–p (i) 25m ÷ 125m ÷ 5–m (ii) 49u ÷ 711u ÷ 343–3u
= (32)p ÷ (33)p ÷ 3–p = (52)m ÷ (53)m ÷ 5–m = (72)u ÷ 711u ÷ (73)–3u
n

= 32p ÷ 33p ÷ 3–p

= 52m ÷ 53m ÷ 5–m
= 72u ÷ 711u ÷ 7–9u
Pe

= 32p – 3p – (–p)
= 52m – 3m – (–m)
= 72u – 11u – (–9u)

= 32p – 3p + p
= 52m – 3m + m
= 72u – 11u + 9u
= 30 = 50 = 70
=1 =1 =1

TP 4 Mengaplikasikan pengetahuan dan kemahiran yang sesuai tentang hukum indeks dalam konteks penyelesaian masalah rutin yang mudah.

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   Matematik  Tingkatan 3 Bab 1 Indeks

S
t
r
a
t
ePT3 4
g
i
22 × 32
Nilaikan .
23 × 81
22 × 32 Kumpulkan asas yang bernilai sama dan guna
Evaluate
23 × 81
. hukum indeks.
Group bases with same value and use laws of
Jawapan / Answer: indices.

22 × 32
= 22 – 3 × 32 – 4

.
2 3
81

hd
×

= 2–1 × 3–2
1 1
= ×
2 9

.B
1
=
18

dn
20. Permudahkan setiap yang berikut. TP 5 (Buku Teks: m.s 20 – 21)
Simplify each of the following.

S
Contoh (i) 3x4y × 4xy3
(a) 5xy × 19x y
2 3

= 5 × 19 × x1 + 3 × y2 + 1 gi

= 3 × 4 × x4 + 1 × y1 + 3
= 12 × x5 × y4
an
= 95 × x4 × y3 = 12x5y4

= 95x4y3
l
e
 ab 2
3 –1
Pe

2
(b) (2a2b–2)2 × (i) (7e2f 3)2 × f2
= 22 × a2 × 2 + 3 × –1 × b–2 × 2 + (–1 × –1) = 72 × e4 + 2 × f 6 – 2
= 4ab–3 = 49 × e6 × f 4
n

= 49e6f 4

= 4a3
ta

(i) 64x2y7 ÷ 4xy3

bi

(c) 27m4n2 ÷ 9m2n

64
27 = × x2 – 1 × y7 – 3
= × m4 – 2 × n2 – 1 4
er

9
= 3 × m2 × n

= 16 × x × y4

= 3m2n

= 16xy4
n
Pe

1 4 1 3
(d) 9u6 ÷u (i) 8x5 ÷x
3 2
1 1
= 9 ÷ × u6 – 4 = 8 ÷ × x5 – 3
3 2
= 9 × 3 × u2 = 8 × 2 × x2

= 27u2
= 16x2

TP 4 Mengaplikasikan pengetahuan dan kemahiran yang sesuai tentang hukum indeks dalam konteks penyelesaian masalah rutin yang kompleks.

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 Matematik  Tingkatan 3 Bab 1 Indeks 

21. Permudahkan setiap yang berikut. TP 5 (Buku Teks: m.s 20 – 21)

Simplify each of the following.

Contoh 24a3b2 × 4b4 6u2v2 × 4uv

(i) (ii)
7mn4 × (m–2)2 8ab–2 × b–4 9uv–4 × u3v8
(a)
49m4n × n3 24u2 + 1v2 + 1
96a3b2 + 4 =
7m1 + (–2) × 2 n4 = 9u1 + 3v–4 + 8
= 8ab–2 – 4
49m4n1 + 3 24u3v3
96a3b6 =
m–3n4 = 9u4v4
8ab–6
Kumpulkan asas
= 8 3–4 3–4

.
yang bernilai
7m4n4 = u v

hd
1
sama dan guna = 12a3 – 1 b6 – (–6) 3
= m–3 – 4n4 – 4 hukum indeks.
8
7 Group bases
= 12a2b12
= u–1 v–1
1 with same value 3
= 8

.B
and use laws of
7m7 indices.

=
3uv

dn
5 1 1
1 3 — — —
— —
(3x 3 y 2 )3 (pq 4 )2 (a 4 b 2 )8
(b) (i) 1
– —
(ii) 1 7
— —
1 1
— —
(x y )
6 4 2 (p  q) 2
(a 4 b 2 )

S
9 10 8 8
— —
33x1y 2 p2q 4
— —
a4b2
= 2 2 = =

gi
— — 1 1 7
x6y4 p
–—
2 q
— —
a4b2
9 8 1 8 7
— 1 10
27xy 2 2 – 1– —2 — – 1 — –— —–—
an
= = p 2 4
q = a 4 4 2 2
b
1 1 1 5
— —
x y
3 2
= p
2+— —–1
2 2
q
7 1
— —
1 9 1
=a b 4 2
1–— —–—
l
= 27x
5 3
3 2 2
y — —
=p q
Pe

2 2
2
—
= 27x 3 y4
n

(p4)3 ÷ (p–2)4 (2u–3v –2)2 ÷ 2u2v –6 (2x2y)4 ÷ x2y 3

(c) (i) 1 1 (ii) 1
ta

1 — — —
p q ÷ (p q )
– 4 5
—
12 4 4 2 u v ÷ (2 u v )
2 4 –2 3 10 4 2
4x4y ÷ (x2y4) 2
p4 × 3 ÷ p–2 × 4 22u–3 × 2v–2 × 2 ÷ 2u2v–6 16x8y4 ÷ x2y3
= =
bi

= 1 1 1
—
1 1 1
3 × — 10 × — 4 × — 4x4y ÷ xy2
p– 4q5 ÷ p
12 × — 4 × —
q
4 4 2 uv ÷2
2 4 –2 2
u v
2 2

16x8 – 2y4 – 3
er

p12 ÷ p–8 22u–6v–4 ÷ 2u2v–6 =

= – 4 – 3 5 – 1 = 4x4 – 1y1 – 2
p q 1
—
3
—
2 2 u4v–2 ÷ 2 2 u5v2 16x6y
n

p12 – (– 8) – (–7) =

= 4x3y–1
q4 22 – 1u–6 – 2v–4 – (–6)
Pe

=
p 27 1 3
—–— = 4x 6 – 3y1 – (–1)
= 4 22 u
2 4 – 5 –2 – 2
v 
q = 4x3y2
2u–8v2
=
2–1u–1v–4
= 21 – (–1)u –8­– (–1)v2 – (–4)
= 22u–7v6

TP 5 Mengaplikasikan pengetahuan dan kemahiran yang sesuai tentang hukum indeks dalam konteks penyelesaian masalah rutin yang kompleks.

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   Matematik  Tingkatan 3 Bab 1 Indeks

22. Cari nilai n bagi setiap yang berikut. TP 6 KBAT Mengaplikasi (Buku Teks: m.s 22 – 24)
Find the value of n for each of the following.

Contoh (i) 32n + 52 = 106 (ii) 4n + 23 = 279

(a) 2n + 1 = 33 32n = 106 – 52 (22)n = 279 – 23
2n = 32
32n = 106 – 25 22n = 256
2­ ­ = 25
n
32n = 81 22n = 28
n=5 32n = 34
2n = 8

.
Apabila nilai asas sama, indeks juga 2n = 4 n = 4

hd
sama.
When the values of the bases are the n = 2
same, the indices are also the same.

.B
(b) 64n – 4 = 60 (i) 27n – 6 = 3 (ii) 5n – 98 = 527
(26)n = 60 + 4 (33)n = 3 + 6 5n = 527 + 98

dn
26n = 64 33n = 9 5n = 625
26n = 26 33n = 32 5n = 54

S
6n = 6
3n = 2 n = 4
2
n = 1 n =
3
gi
an
2
(i) 3n × 3 = 35 × 33 (ii) 7n × 7 = 49 × 7
l
—
(c) 22n × 2 = 8 3
Pe

2
—
3n + 1 = 35 + 3 7n + 1 = 72 + 1
22n × 2 = (23) 3
3n + 1 = 38
7n + 1 = 73
22n + 1 = 22

n + 1 = 8
n + 1 = 3
n

2n + 1 = 2 n = 7 n = 3 – 1
ta

2n = 1 n = 2
1
n =
2
bi
er

(d) 64n ÷ 2 = 42 (i) 16n ÷ 23 = 8 (ii) 243n ÷ 81 = 3

(26)n ÷ 2 = (22)2
(24)n ÷ 23 = 23 (35)n ÷ 34 = 3
n

26n – 1 = 24 2
4n – 3
= 23 5n – 4
3 = 3
Pe

6n – 1 = 4
4n – 3 = 3 5n – 4 = 1
6n = 5 4n = 6 5n = 5
5 3
n = n = n = 1
6 2

TP 6 Mengaplikasikan pengetahuan dan kemahiran yang sesuai tentang hukum indeks dalam konteks penyelesaian masalah bukan rutin secara kreatif.

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 Matematik  Tingkatan 3 Bab 1 Indeks 

Bahagian A / Section A 1
5. Ringkaskan m3 × m2n × .
mn2
1. Nyatakan p2 × q3 × 2p4 × 4q dalam bentuk indeks yang Simplify m3 × m2n ×
1
.
paling ringkas. mn2
m4
State p2 × q3 × 2p4 × 4q in the simplest index form. A m4n C
n
A 23p6q4 m5 m4
B D 2

.
B 23p8q4 n n

hd
C 24p6q4 —4
6. Diberi 1√ x 2 ÷ x –3 = 32. Cari nilai x.
D 24p8q3
—4
Given 1√ x 2 ÷ x –3 = 32. Find the value of x.

.B
2. Ringkaskan x13 ÷ 9x2 ÷ 2x3. A 2 C 4
Simplify x13 ÷ 9x2 ÷ 2x3. B 3 D 5

dn
x6
A
18
x8 Bahagian B / Section B
B

S
18 1. (a) Tuliskan “Benar” atau “Palsu” bagi pernyataan
2x8 yang berikut.
C

D
9
9x8
gi Write “True” or “False” for the following statements.

Jawapan / Answer:
[2 markah / 2 marks]
an
2
5 3 Pernyataan Benar / Palsu
— –—
3. Hitung (–27) × 16   .
3 4 Statements True / False
l
Pe

5 3
–—
—
Calculate (–27) × 16
3 4
. 3 — Benar
(i) √ 64 = 4
A –25 000 True

243
n

B – 3 Benar
8 (ii) —
32 5 = 8 True
ta

243
C
8
(b) Isikan petak dengan nombor yang betul.
bi

D 25 000
Fill in the boxes with correct numbers.
[2 markah / 2 marks]
er

pxqy Jawapan / Answer:

4. Diberi 2 4 = 1, dengan keadaan p ≠ 0, q ≠ 0. Cari
pq
nilai x dan nilai y. 1
n

– 4
(i) 4 = u 
pq x y u
Given = 1, where p ≠ 0 and q ≠ 0. Find the value of
Pe

p2q4 0
(ii)
v  = 1
x and of y.
A x = –2, y = – 4
B x = –2, y = 4 1
(b) (i) Guna hukum indeks a‒n = an .
C x = 2, y = – 4 1
Use law of indices a‒n = an .
D x = 2, y = 4
(ii) Guna hukum indeks a0 = 1.
Use law of indices a0 = 1.

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   Matematik  Tingkatan 3 Bab 1 Indeks

2. Tulis 729 dalam bentuk indeks dengan asas 3 dan 9. (b) Diberi 22y – 1 = 16, cari nilai y.
Express 729 in index form with base 3 and base 9. Given 22y – 1 = 16, find the value of y.
[4 markah / 4 marks] [3 markah / 3 marks]
Jawapan / Answer:
6
(a) 729 = 3  Jawapan / Answer:
3
22y – 1 = 16
(b) 729 = 9  22y – 1 = 24

2y – 1 = 4

.
Gunakan kaedah pembahagian berulang atau kaedah
2y = 5

hd
pendaraban berulang.
1
Use repeated division method or repeated multiplication y = 2
method. 2

.B
Bahagian C / Section C

dn
2–2 × 33
1. (a) Nilaikan . (i) Guna hukum indeks am × an = am + n.
4–2 × 81 Use law of indices am × an = am + n.

S
2–2 × 33 (ii) Tukar nilai asas supaya mempunyai nilai asas yang
Evaluate . sama. Kemudian, samakan nilai indeks.
4–2 × 81
[3 markah / 3 marks] Change the base value so that they are the same. Then,

Jawapan / Answer: gi
equate the index values.
an
2–2 × 33 (c) Diberi 2(33x – 1) = 54. Hitung nilai x.
=
(22)–2 × 34 Given 2(33x – 1) = 54. Calculate the value of x.
= 2–2 – (–4) × 33 – 4 [4 markah / 4 marks]
l
Pe

= 2–2 + 4 × 3–1
Jawapan / Answer:
1
= 22 × 2(33x – 1) = 54
3
4 33x – 1 = 27
=
n

3 33x – 1 = 33
ta

3x – 1 = 3

3x = 4
bi

4
x =
3
er

(i) Guna hukum indeks am ÷ an = am – n.

Use law of indices am ÷ an = am – n.
(ii) Tukar nilai asas supaya mempunyai nilai asas yang
n

sama. Kemudian, kumpulkan nilai asas yang sama dan

guna hukum indeks.
Pe

Change the base value so that they are the same. Then,
use law of indices.

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Bahagian A Bahagian B
3 —
1. A 1. (a) (i) √ 64
1
p2 × q3 × 2p4 × 4q = (64) 3
—

= 2 × 4 × p2 × p4 × q3 × q 1
—
= (26) 3

.
= 21 × 22 × p2 + 4 × q3 + 1

hd
= 22
= 23p6q4
=4
2. B

.B
Maka, jawapannya ialah “Benar”.
x13 ÷ 9x2 ÷ 2x3
x13
= 2 3
—

dn
9x × 2x3 (ii) (32) 5
3
x13 x13 – 2 – 3 x8 = (25) 5
—
= = =
18x × x
2 3
18 18
= 23

S
=8
3. B
5
—
(–27) 3 × 16
3
–—
4 3 —5 4 — –3
= 1 √ (–27) 2 × 1 √ 162
gi Maka, jawapannya ialah “Benar”.
an
= (–3)5 × (2)–3
(–3)5
= 3
2
l
243
Pe

=–
8
4. D
pxqy
2 4 = 1
n

pq
ta

px – 2qy – 4 = p0q0

x – 2 = 0 , y – 4 = 0
bi

x = 2 y = 4

5. C
er

1
m3 × m2n × = m3 + 2 – 1n1 – 2
mn 2
n

4 –1
=mn
m4
Pe

=
n
6. A
—
1√ x 24 ÷ x –3 = 32
4
—
x 2 ÷ x –3 = 25
x2 – (–3) = 25
x5 = 25
x = 2

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