USULAN PENELITIAN

PERBEDAAN EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK DAUN SIRSAK (Annona Muricata L.)

DENGAN EKSTRAK KUNYIT (Curcuma domesticate) PADA ANGIOGENESIS
KARSINOMA SEL SKUAMOSA
(Studi Eksperimental pada Mus musculus)

Disusun Oleh :

HIRZI ASDYAKSA

160121170009

USULAN PENELITIAN

Untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat dalam menyelesaikan

Pendidikan Spesialis Bedah Mulut dan Maksilofasial

PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN DOKTER GIGI SPESIALIS

PROGRAM STUDI
ILMU BEDAH MULUT DAN MAKSILOFASIAL
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN GIGI
UNIVERSITAS PADJADJARAN
BANDUNG
2020

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 PERBEDAAN EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK DAUN SIRSAK (Annona
Muricata L.) DENGAN EKSTRAK KUNYIT (Curcuma domesticate) PADA
ANGIOGENESIS KARSINOMA SEL SKUAMOSA
(Studi Eksperimental pada Mus musculus)

Oleh :
HIRZI ASDYAKSA
160121170009

USULAN PENELITIAN

Untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat dalam menyelesaikan

Pendidikan Spesialis Bedah Mulut dan Maksilofasial
Program Studi Bedah Mulut dan Maksilofasial

Telah disetujui oleh Tim Pembimbing pada tanggal

Seperti tertera di bawah ini

Bandung, 23 Januari 2020

Ketua Tim Pembimbing

Prof.Harmas Yazid Y.,drg Sp.BM(K)

NIP: 19570718 198403 1 002

Anggota Tim Pembimbing I Anggota Tim Pembimbing II

Indra Hadikhrisna, drg.Sp.BM Dr. Drh. Sri Estuningsih, MSi, APVet.

NIP : 19821227 200812 1 002 NIP : 19630629 199002 2 001

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 DAFTAR ISI

Halaman

JUDUL ........................................................................................................................................ i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ....................................................................................................... ii

DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................................... iii

DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................................................. vi

DAFTAR TABEL ...................................................................................................................... vii

BAB I : PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................................................ 1

1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah .............................................................................................. 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah ......................................................................................................... 7

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian .......................................................................................................... 7

1.4 Kegunaan Penelitian ..................................................................................................... 7

1.4.1 Kegunaan Ilmiah .................................................................................................. 7

1.4.2 Kegunaan Praktis ................................................................................................. 8

BAB II : TINJAUAN PUSTAKA, KERANGKA PEMIKIRAN DAN HIPOTESIS ......... 9

2.1 Kajian Pustaka ........................................................................................................... 9

2.1.1 Karsinoma sel skuamosa ................................................................................. 10

2.1.2 Karsinogenesis ................................................................................................. 12

2.1.2.1 Karsinogenesis oleh virus ............................................................................. 13

2.1.2.2 Karsinogenesis oleh akibat radiasi ............................................................... 14

2.1.2.3 Karsinogenesis oleh bahan kimia .................................................................. 15

2.1.3 Senyawa 7,12-Dimetyl benz(a)anthracene (DMBA ........................................ 16

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 2.1.4 Angiogenesis .................................................................................................... 17

2.1.5 VEGF ............................................................................................................... 20

2.1.6 Terapi Kanker ................................................................................................... 22

2.1.7 Tanaman Sirsak (Annona Muricata Linn) ....................................................... 26

2.1.7.1 Klasifikasi Taksonomi Annona Muricata Linn .............................................. 27

2.1.7.2 Kandungan kimia tanaman Annona Muricata .............................................. 27

2.1.7.3 Mekanisme Tanaman Annona Muricata ....................................................... 28

2.1.8 Kunyit (Curcuma domesticate) ......................................................................... 29

2.1.8.1 Klasifikasi Taksonomi Curcuma domesticate ............................................... 30

2.1.8.2 Kandungan kimia tanaman Curcuma domesticate ........................................ 31

2.1.8.3 Mekanisme Tanaman Curcuma domesticate ................................................ 32

2.2. Kerangka Pemikiran .................................................................................................. 34

2.3. Premis dan Hipotesis ................................................................................................. 36

2.3.1 Premis ..................................................................................................................... 36

2.3.2 Hipotesis ................................................................................................................. 37

BAB III : OBJEK, BAHAN, ALAT DAN METODE PENELITIAN ....................... 38

3.1 Objek/Bahan/Alat Penelitian ..................................................................................... 38

3.1.1 Objek Penelitian .............................................................................................. 38

3.1.2 Bahan Penelitian .............................................................................................. 38

3.1.3 Alat Penelitian .................................................................................................. 39

3.1.4 Populasi, Ukuran, Sampel dan Cara Penarikan Sampel ................................... 39

3.1.4.1. Populasi Penelitian ...................................................................................... 39

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 3.1.4.2 Ukuran Sampel Penelitian ............................................................................ 39

3.1.4.3 Cara Penarikan Sampel Penelitian ............................................................... 40

3.1.5 Kriteria Inklusi dan Eksklusi Penelitian .......................................................... 40

3.1.5.1 Kriteria Inklusi ............................................................................................. 40

3.1.5.2 Kriteria Eksklusi ............................................................................................ 41

3.2. Metode Penelitian ..................................................................................................... 42

3.2.1 Rancangan Penelitian ...................................................................................... 42

3.2.2 Identifikasi Variabel Penelitian ....................................................................... 43

3.2.2.1 Variabel Bebas .............................................................................................. 43

3.2.2.2 Variabel Terikat ............................................................................................. 43

3.2.2.3 Variabel Terkendali ....................................................................................... 43

3.2.2.4 Variabel Tidak Terkendali ............................................................................. 43

3.2.3 Definisi Operasional ........................................................................................ 43

3.2.4 Alur Penelitian ................................................................................................. 45

3.2.5 Analisa Data ..................................................................................................... 46

3.3 Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian .............................................................................. 46

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................................. 47

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 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Halama

Gambar 2.1 Siklus Sel…………….................................................. 10

Gambar 2.2 Skema representasi tahapan-tahapan karsinogenesis... 13

Gambar 2.3 Siklus replikasi dan transformasi sel oleh RSV .......... 14

Gambar 2.4 Karsinogenesis oleh Radiasi ....................................... 14

Gambar 2.5 Skema umum karsinogenesis oleh bahan kimia.......... 16

Gambar 2.6 Struktur 7,12-dimethyl benz (a)anthracene (DMBA) .. 17

Gambar 2.7 Tahap-Tahap Angiogenesis.......................................... 19

Gambar 2.8 Tanaman sirsak (Annona muricata) .............................. 26

Gambar 2.9 Tanaman kunyit ............................................................. 30

Gambar 2.10 Senyawa Kimia dalam Kunyit........................................ 32

Gambar 2.11 Mekanisme kurkumin dalam menghambat proliferasi sel 34

Gambar 2.12 Skema Kerangka Pemikiran …….……………………... 35

Gambar 3.1 Mencit putih ………………………………………….... 41

Gambar 3.2 Alur Penelitian ……..………………………………….. 45

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 DAFTAR TABEL

Halaman

Tabel 1 Rangkuman molekul target kurkumin sebagai antikanker 33

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