Diktat Praktikum

TG 4264. Seismik Inversi Reservoar

Modul 4. Analisis AVO

Instruktur
Prof. DR. Sigit Sukmono
Dona Sita Ambarsari, MT

Program Studi Teknik Geofisika

Fakultas Teknik Pertambangan dan Perminyakan
Institut Teknologi Bandung
2018

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 DAFTAR ISI

Bab Halaman

1. Tujuan 3
2. Tahapan Praktikum 3
3. Waktu dan Pembagian Kelompok 3
4. Langkah Kerja 3
5. Pembuatan Laporan 4
6. Data Loading 5
7. Well-Seismic Tie 30
8. Pemodelan AVO 46
9. Identifikasi Anomali AVO 59
10. Pembuatan Cube AVO 71
11. Seismic AVO Xplot 76
12. Seismic AVO Slicing 80

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1. Tujuan
Peserta mampu menganalisis anomali amplitudo terhadap offset yang disebabkan oleh fluida pori
reservoir.

2. Tahapan Praktikum
a. Persiapan Data : Create well database, Well data loading, Seismic and horizon data loading
b. Well-seismic tie
c. Pembuatan synthetic gather untuk pemodelan AVO
d. Pembuatan Cube AVO Attribute
e. Pembuatan krosplot AVO
f. Pembuatan peta atribut AVO

3. Waktu dan Pembagian Kelompok

Praktikum ini dilakukan perkelompok dengan jumlah anggota maksimum 3 orang per kelompok.
Praktikum dikerjakan maksimum dalam 1 x pertemuan (1 x @ 3jam).

4. Langkah Kerja
a. Data loading: Impor data ke dalam well database dan project (lihat hal 5-29 untuk ilustrasi)
b. Well-seismic tie : wavelet extraction, koreksi check-shot dan well-seismic tie (lihat hal 30-45
untuk ilustrasi)
c. Pembuatan synthetic gather untuk pemodelan AVO (lihat hal 46-58 untuk petunjuk lebih detail).
d. Pembuatan Cube AVO Attribute (lihat hal 71-75 untuk petunjuk lebih detail).
e. Pembuatan krosplot AVO (lihat hal 76-79 untuk petunjuk lebih detail).
f. Pembuatan peta atribut AVO (lihat hal 80-83 untuk petunjuk lebih detail).

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5. Pembuatan Laporan

Berdasarkan hasil semua pekerjaan tersebut di atas buat Laporan Praktikum yang berisikan :
1. Tujuan Praktikum
2. Ringkasan dan penjelasan hasil per tahapan kerja :
a. Persiapan Data : Create well database, Well data loading, Seismic and horizon data loading
b. Well-seismic tie
c. Pembuatan synthetic gather untuk pemodelan AVO
d. Pembuatan Cube AVO Attribute
e. Pembuatan krosplot AVO
f. Pembuatan peta atribut AVO
3. Kesimpulan tentang :
a. Penentuan kelas AVO dan ciri-ciri dari kelas AVO yang dapat ditunjukkan dari hasil
pengolahan data.
b. Jenis perangkap reservoir (stratigrafi atau structural)

4
 6. Data Loading

• GDZ-1 Well.las
• GDZ-1_tops.txt
• GDZ-1 chk.txt
•
All your data for this exercise is located on
Horizon.txt D:/WORKSHOP/AVO/AVO_DATA

• 3Dseismic.sgy (Gather)

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 LOADING WELL DATA

1 3
Use explorer/start menu/etc

Well Explorer Window

“New…” to create new Well Database “WELL”
under the folder “D:\WORKSHOP\HRS”

This is where all your well data located

CREATING WELL DATABASE

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LOADING WELL DATA

Well explorer, well data loading, exporting, viewing, editing, etc

eLog, log data viewing, editing, modeling
STRATA, seismic loading, inversion, horizon analysis
AVO, AVO analysis & modeling

HRS MODULE PANE

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 LOADING WELL DATA

On the GEOVIEW: Well Explorer Pane

Specify file’s folder path:

“D:\WORKSHOP\AVO_DATA”

Target file: GDZ-1 Well.LAS

Check!

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 LOADING WELL DATA

X: 7077 m
Y: 5390 m
KB Elev: 95 ft
Specify the well name if needed
Surfave Elev: 0 ft

Compare with the file content if needed

Check the well’s coordinate and vertical datum

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LOADING WELL DATA

Import Log Data:

• DT (P-wave)
•DTS (S-wave)
• RHOB (Density)

10
LOADING WELL MARKER

Load Well Marker from File

Or manually enter each marker for each well

11
 LOADING WELL MARKER

10

12
 LOADING WELL MARKER

11 12

Adjust the value above with the file content

13
 LOADING WELL CHECK-SHOT

12

13

14
 LOADING WELL CHECK-SHOT

14

Double Check!

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 LOADING WELL CHECK-SHOT

15 Specify the well target

Click “Next”

16 Usually stays the same, just double check it

Click “Next”

17

Specify the Log type “Check Shot”

Always double check the datum!

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QUICK VIEW

Curve View Tab to quick-view the loaded well

Double-click which log to view

Well data loading… finished!

Close all the window 17
 CREATING PROJECT

Specify file’s folder path:

“D:\WORKSHOP\HRS\”
2 3

Specify the folder location and the project name

Let’s use “AVO” as project name

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 CREATING PROJECT

4 5

Welcome to eLOG 19
LOADING SEISMIC DATA

1 2

20
 LOADING SEISMIC DATA

4 5

Click “Next”

The seismic data have

coordinates and xline
inline number.
So keep “Yes” on

21
LOADING SEISMIC DATA

Start Byte of:

• Inline: 181
• Xline: 185
• Source X: 73
• Source Y: 77
Ignore Receiver X & Y
coordinate

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LOADING SEISMIC DATA

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 LOADING SEISMIC DATA

Two windows will pop-up after seismic loading:

Well-to seismic Map menu Seismic window

Always double-check!

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LOADING SEISMIC DATA

Well

Slide/zoom seismic window to view the well,

or view basemap under “view/basemap”

25
LOADING SEISMIC DATA

8 9

26
 LOADING SEISMIC DATA

10

11

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 LOADING SEISMIC DATA

12

13

Change the color and name of each horizon

and determine the column of horizon

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 LOADING SEISMIC DATA

14

On seismic window

15

Horizons are already imported

Then click “OK”

29
7. Well-Seismic Tie

Basic Well-Seismic Tie Procedure:

Original P-Wave

Check-Shot

Correlate

The following logs must be available:

P-Wave & Density

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WELL-SEISMIC TIE

Check-Shot Survey

Well Logs Depth

Well-Seismic Tie

Seismic Time

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 WELL-SEISMIC TIE

Back to eLog Window

2 Two windows pops-up under the check-shot command

Applying under check shot parameter window would

show changes on check shot analysis window

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WELL-SEISMIC TIE

Sonic-Log,
Time-Depth relation, result from check-shot correction
Before/after Difference

Click to finish 33
 WELL-SEISMIC TIE

Well top and horizon is

not positioned correctly

Newest P-wave
34
 WELL-SEISMIC TIE

4 5

The target zone

35
WELL-SEISMIC TIE

Then “OK”

36
WELL-SEISMIC TIE

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 WELL-SEISMIC TIE

8 Composite trace extraction parameter window

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 WELL-SEISMIC TIE

Active Wavelet

Tips: use to arrange the logs

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WELL-SEISMIC TIE

10

11

40
WELL-SEISMIC TIE

41
WELL-SEISMIC TIE

10

After “Apply Shift”

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 WELL-SEISMIC TIE

11

Well-seismic Tie, Finish!

43
CLOSING THE PROJECT

44
 WELL-SEISMIC TIE

Before Well-Seismic Tie After Well-Seismic Tie

45
8. Pemodelan AVO

Log-based Modeling

Input Gather Data Conditioning Recon Methods

Partial Stack
Gradient/Intercept

AVO Inversion
Independent Inversion
Simultaneous Inversion
Elastic Impedance
Lambda Mu Rho (LMR)

AVO ANALYSIS WORKFLOW

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CONTENT

• Loading Project
• Creating Synthetic Seismic from Log
• Analyzing the Synthetic AVO Response

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LOADING PROJECT

2 3

48
 LOADING PROJECT

4 6

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 LOADING PROJECT

Parameter Menu

Zoom in

Increase well scale

Decrease well scale

Unzoom

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LOADING PROJECT

Target Zone:
Gas Interval

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CREATING SYNTHETIC SEISMIC FROM LOG

1 2

Name the output ”gdz-01_ZOEPPRITZ”

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CREATING SYNTHETIC SEISMIC FROM LOG

Close the window

Synthetic Seismic

AVO effect

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 ANALYZING THE SYNTHETIC AVO RESPONSE

Go to the seismic window

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 ANALYZING THE SYNTHETIC AVO RESPONSE

2 3

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 ANALYZING THE SYNTHETIC AVO RESPONSE

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ANALYZING THE SYNTHETIC AVO RESPONSE

Slide the bar to top and base gas

or input the time event manually

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 ANALYZING THE SYNTHETIC AVO RESPONSE

Compare the theory with your data!

Top For Normal Polarity

Bottom

Top

Bottom

Close all the window and save the project

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9. Identifikasi Anomali AVO

Log-based Modeling

Input Gather Data Conditioning Recon Methods

Partial Stack
Gradient/Intercept

AVO Inversion

AVO ANALYSIS WORKFLOW

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 CONTENT

Recon Methods Types of Seismic

• Trace by trace, sample by sample • Offset Gather
Analysis • Angle Gather
• Volume based analysis

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Types of Seismic Gather

Offset Gather Angle Gather

Common mid-point Common mid-point

offset

angle

Increasing offset Increasing angle

Increasing time

Increasing time

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LOADING PROJECT

2 3

Seismic gather has been previously loaded into

the project, but is not viewed on the window yet

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 OPENING THE PROJECT

4 5

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CREATING SUPER GATHER

Offset Gather Increasing offset

Increasing time

Super Gather Increasing offset

Increasing time

Offset Gather can be generated from Offset gather or Angle gather

Super Gather is important as it enhance gather continuity and

enhance signal/noise ratio

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 CREATING ANGLE GATHER

Back to the super gather window

1 2

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 CREATING ANGLE GATHER

1 2

Velocity information is not define yet,

We will use velocity from well log

Next -> Ok

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CREATING ANGLE GATHER

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 TRACE GRADIENT ANALYSIS

On the angle gather window

1 2

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TRACE GRADIENT ANALYSIS

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TRACE GRADIENT ANALYSIS

Try for other CDP and time event Top

Bottom

Top

Bottom

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 10. Pembuatan Cube AVO

Back to the angle gather window

1 2

CREATING AVO ATTRIBUTES VOLUME 71

CREATING AVO ATTRIBUTES VOLUME

Next  Ok

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CREATING AVO ATTRIBUTES VOLUME

AVO Class 3

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Select other
attributes to view

74
 Gradient (B)

+B for top of reservoir

and -B for the bottom

Intercept (A)

+A for top of reservoir

and -A for the bottom

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 11. Seismic AVO Xplot

2
1

76
 SEISMIC AVO XPLOT

3 4

77
SEISMIC AVO XPLOT

Next  Ok

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 SEISMIC AVO XPLOT

Background Trend
Top

Bottom of Gas

Top of Gas

Bottom

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12. Seismic AVO Slicing

1 2

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SEISMIC AVO SLICING

3 4

Next  Ok

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 SEISMIC AVO SLICING

Do this these steps for all maps

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SEISMIC AVO SLICING

RMS Average Sum of Positive Samples

Maximum

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SUMMARY

Angle gather
AVO attribute volume
You have created from seismic gather
AVO xplot volume

You have tied well to seismic.

You have investigate AVO response on specific trace gather and seismic volume

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