22/1/2021

Tata Tertib Kelas Daring

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Format nama : (A/B/C) Nama Lengkap
Nama dapat diganti setelah masuk ruangan, tolong ganti sekarang!
Kuliah setiap jumat pukul 18.10 WIB
PR minggu sebelumnya harus sudah masuk sehari sebelum kuliah dimulai

PR13
1. Apa perbedaan antara accident dan incident?
2. Mengapa menjaga keselamatan dalam industry/bisnis penerbangan sangat penting?

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Accident vs incident
Accident is the worst occurrence with at least a person fatally or seriously injured and/or when
an airplane sustains structural damage of failure ; Incident is any other occurrence and serious
incident is when an accident nearly occurred (only marginally avoided).
Accident Incident
Kecelakaan yang: Kecelakaan yang:
• Mengakibatkan setidaknya seseorang • Tidak mengakibatkan seseorang
meninggal atau menderita cedera meninggal atau menderita cedera
serius serius
• Atau mengakibatkan kerusakaan atau • Tidak mengakibatkan kerusakan atau
kegagalan struktur pada pesawat kegagalan struktur pada pesawat
terbang terbang
• Contoh: salah satu alat penunjuk di
kokpit tidak berfungsi tapi pesawat
bisa terbang dengan selamat sampai
tujuan

Mengapa menjaga keselamatan dalam

industry/bisnis penerbangan sangat penting?
 Industri/bisnis penerbangan memiliki resiko tinggi yang melibatkan nyawa manusia. Tidak ada
satupun yang bisa membayar kerugian nyawa jika terjadi kecelakaan penerbangan.
 Sejarah menunjukkan, walaupun biaya untuk menjaga keselamatan sangat tinggi, biaya
ekonomi jika terjadi kecelakaan penerbangan jauh lebih tinggi dan bahkan bisa membuat
perusahaan terlibat ditutup dan bangkrut.
Pelanggan (penumpang dan kargo) penerbangan sangat sensitive dengan reputasi
keselamatan/keamanan suatu maskapai. Maskapai yang terkenal aman dapat memperoleh lebih
banyak penumpang dan/atau meminta harga tiket yang lebih tinggi. Akibatnya, maskapai
penerbangan yang terkenal selamat/aman dapat memperoleh keuntungan lebih tinggi. “Safety
makes economic sense”

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Ilmu Penerbangan
KULIAH MINGGU 14
PE RAWATAN PES AWAT TE RBANG
MUHAMMAD RIDHA

Types of aircraft maintenance

Maintenance

Scheduled Unscheduled

Unplannable
 Routine maintenance Plannable
check
 Replacement of life
limited items Activities originated from:
 Cleaning  Performance of  Cabin log book
modification originated  Technical log book
work  Ground findings
https://slideplayer.com/slide/5776807/  Rectification of
deferred defects
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MAINTENANCE DEFINITION
Those actions required for
restoring or maintaining an item
in serviceable condition

Mainly unscheduled
TYPES
maintenance limited to the
• Unscheduled LEVELS replacement of faulty
Line ( Ramp ) components that will have
• Scheduled immediate or short term
Hangar or Main base influence on aircraft
• Servicing
Workshop operations (MMEL, master
minimum equipment list).

Types of maintenance Scheduled:

Unscheduled (or corrective):
Maintenance performed to restore
an item to a satisfactory condition
by providing correction of a known
or suspected malfunction and/or
defect.
Unscheduled maintenance action is
performed if there is a pilot report
or a complaint from the scheduled
maintenance.
Maintenance performed at defined
intervals to retain an item in a
serviceable condition (availability,
safety and reliability to their inherent
levels)
Scheduled maintenance action is
performed according to the
Maintenance Program requirements
Servicing:
Any act of replenishment for the
purpose of maintaining the inherent
design operating capabilities of an
item.

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Types of Scheduled Maintenance

► Light or Line Maintenance:
 Preflight Check
 Daily Check
 Weekly Checks
 A (Multiple A) and B Checks
► Base or Heavy Maintenance:
 C (Multiple C) and D Checks
► Shop or Component Maintenance:
 Maintenance on components when
removed from aircraft
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Scheduled A, B, C, D checks
A check
The A check is performed approximately every 400-600 flight hours, or every 200–300 flights, depending on aircraft
type.[5] It needs about 50-70 man-hours, and is usually performed in an airport hangar. The A check takes a minimum of
10 man-hours. The actual occurrence of this check varies by aircraft type, the flight cycle count, or the number of hours
flown since the last check. The occurrence can be delayed by the airline if certain predetermined conditions are met.
B check
The B check is performed approximately every 6-8 months. It takes about 160-180 man-hours, depending on the aircraft,
and is usually completed within 1–3 days at an airport hangar. A similar occurrence schedule applies to the B check as to
the A check. B checks are increasingly incorporated into successive A checks, i.e. checks A-1 through A-10 complete all
the B check items.[6]
C check
The C check is performed approximately every 20–24 months, or a specific number of actual flight hours (FH), or as
defined by the manufacturer. This maintenance check is much more extensive than the B check, requiring a large
majority of the aircraft's components to be inspected. This check puts the aircraft out of service for 1–2 weeks. The
aircraft must not leave the maintenance site until it is completed. It also requires more space than A and B checks,
therefore, it is usually carried out in a hangar at a maintenance base. The effort needed to complete a C check is up to
6,000 man-hours.

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Scheduled A, B, C, D checks
3C check
Some authorities use a type of check, known as a 3C check or Intermediate Layover (IL), which typically includes
light structural maintenance, including checks for corrosion, or on specific high-load parts of the airframe.[7] The
3C check may also be used as the opportunity for cabin upgrades, e.g. new seats, entertainment systems,
carpeting. This shortens the time the aircraft is out of service, by performing two distinct tasks simultaneously. As
component reliability has improved, some MROs now spread the workload across several C checks, or
incorporate this 3C check into D checks instead.[8]

D check
The D check, sometimes known as a "heavy maintenance visit" (HMV),[9] is by far the most comprehensive and
demanding check for an airplane. This check occurs approximately every 6-10 years.[8] It is a check that more or
less takes the entire airplane apart for inspection and overhaul. Even the paint may need to be completely
removed for complete inspection of the fuselage metal skin. Such a check can generally take up to 50,000 man-
hours, and 2 months to complete depending on the number of technicians involved.[10] It also requires the most
space of all maintenance checks, and as such must be performed at a suitable maintenance base. The
requirements and the tremendous effort involved in this maintenance check make it by far the most expensive,
with total costs for a single D check in the million-dollar range.[11]

Operational Aspects
Operational interruption or disturbances have repercussions
on the following areas:
◦ Passengers Comfort
◦ Corporate Image Of The Operator
◦ Operating Cost

WHAT KIND OF SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE ARE WE

PREPARED TO TOLERATE IN ORDER TO OPTIMISE THE
ABOVE CRITERIA ?

COST OF SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE

<
COST OF FAILURE CONSEQUENCES

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Typical inspection interval

Check type Interval
Pre-Flight Pre-Flight General visual from ground for signs of obvious discrepancies or damage
such as fluid leaks, FOD, lightning strike.
Check logbook .
Check engine oil levels and replenish if necessary

Terminal Each Pre-flight plus tires, tire pressure, wheels and brakes.
check terminal stop Cabin check.
(ramp)

Typical inspection interval

Check type Interval
Service 8 Calendar Hydraulic qty, escape slide gas pressure, oxygen pressure, brake wear, IDG
Check days oil, APU oil, oleo pressures.
Visual check of engine inlet and exhaust.
Optional check of CMS for degraded fault tolerance (to avoid potential No
Go situation)
1A-Check 500 FH Exterior general visual from ground.
Interior general visual cockpit, cabin, cargo compartment, avionics,
electrical, hydraulic and ECS equipment bays, landing gear, landing gear
bays and doors.
IDG oil.

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Typical inspection interval

Check type Interval
2A-Check 1000 FH Simple operational checks (failure finding tasks) from cockpit which cannot
be accomplished at 4A and above.
Inspection of engine fan blades.
Check engine chip detectors.
Engine starter oil change.
Landing gear lubrication.
4A – Check 2000 FH Lubrication of some flight control items in accordance with past service
experience. Simple operational checks (failure finding tasks) which cannot
be accomplished at C and above.
8A – Check 4000 FH Check fuselage drainage system

Typical inspection interval

Check type Interval
1C-Check 15 months External general visual inspection of areas with moderate sensitivity to
damage or deterioration such as lower and mid fuselage, windows, doors,
wing lower surfaces, flight control surfaces, horizontal and vertical stabiliser
leading edges and pylons.
General visual inspection of power plant and engine with cowls open,
landing gear and landing gear bays, wing fixed leading edge, rear fuselage
and tail cone.
Cleaning or replacement of air conditioning filters.
Systems operational checks (failure finding tasks). Flight control general
lubrication and gearbox oil replenishment. Hydraulic system internal
leakage.
Cabin check.
Check drainage systems.

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Typical inspection interval

Check type Interval
2C-Check 30 months External general visual inspection of areas with low sensitivity to damage or
deterioration such as upper fuselage, horizontal and vertical stabilisers and
wing top surface. Internal general visual inspection installations in
equipment bays and pylons.
Intermediate 60 months Internal general visual inspection of structure and installations in areas of
Layover moderate to high sensitivity to damage or deterioration such as cargo
(4C) compartments, area below cargo and cockpit floors and below toilets and
galleys.
Internal general visual inspection of wing in sump areas.
Systems operational and functional checks.
Detailed cabin check including floors in high traffic areas, galleys and
toilets.

Typical inspection interval

Check type Interval
Major 120 Months General and detailed external and internal structural (sampling or 100%)
Layover inspection for corrosion and fatigue damage.
(8C) Systems operational and functional checks.

Remarks:
Aircraft on jacks

Note:
some operators may wish to integrate items into C- Check packages.

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Boeing Typical Inspection Interval

Letter Recommended initial interval (FH) World weighted fleet interval (FH)
check
D D
Aircraft A B C (Structural A B C (Structural
Inspection) Inspection)
6,000 FH
500 FH (Sys.)
(Sys.)
757 300 FC (Stru.) 3,000 FC
(Struc.)
737-100 125 750 3,000 20,000 170 700 2,840 21,000
737-200
737-300
737-400 200 3,200 20,000 220 3,300 21,500
737-500
727 80 400 16,000 5,000 18,500
777 500 or 150 365 Days
?
(Cathay Pacific) 70 days days or 3000 hrs
747-400
Cathay Pacific 650 6,750 30,000
MD-80 450 3,500 15,000

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Airbus Typical Inspection Interval

Letter Recommended interval

check
D
Aircraft A C = Structural inspection
4C
A310 400 FH 15 Months FD threshold: 18,000 FC
A300-600 Initial: 250 FH Initial: 12 months ED threshold: 10/7.5/5/2.5 years
5 Years
A319 FD threshold: 24,000 FC
500 FH 15 Months Cathay ED threshold: 9/5/2.5 years
A320 Pacific
A321
5 Years FD threshold: 20,000/8,000 FC
A330 700 FH 18 months
  Cathay ED threshold: 10/5/2.5 years
A340
500 FH 15 months Pacific

Objective: Objective:
A380 750 FH 24 months

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Pilot training : belajar dan belajar terus

Calon Sekolah Private pilot
penerbang penerbang license (PPL)

Private Pilot License PPL(A) is the most suitable option, if you wish to fly just for your own personal needs or
pleasure, for example:
• PPL is the only aviation training program which does not require the specific knowledge of exact sciences;
• Continue by taking some aerobatics lessons and diving into the amazing world of stunts such as rolls and loops;
• Sometimes the aviation is the only option of transportation. There are districts problematic for on ground
communication so the light type aircrafts are the only possibility to transfer subjects or services crucial for
survival;
• After the work day take a flight alone and enjoy the peace of mind that flights in single-engine airplanes bring;
• Share the beauty of sights from the sky by flying with your family or friends on weekends.

https://www.baatraining.com/ppl-cpl-atpl-aviation-career-hiding-under-these-letters/

Commercial pilot license

Sekolah Private pilot Pendidikan Commercial
Calon pilot penerbang pilot komersial
license (PPL) pilot license

Having a Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL(A)) allows flying for a compensation or a hire, so it is the choice, if you wish to
pursue flying as a career, e.g.:
•By flying tourists for the sightseeing tours over the city;
•By flying parachutists for their adventures;
•By flight instructing and sharing your knowledge with others;
•By starting to gain some money uprightly after completion of your studies;
•By opening your own small business providing commercial air transportation services with single-pilot single-engine or
multi-engine aircrafts (such as Cessna, Piper or Tecnam or other);

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Air transport pilot license

Sekolah Pendidikan Commercial Pendidikan Air Transport
Private pilot
Calon pilot penerbang pilot komersial pilot license pilot airline Pilot License
license (PPL)
(CPL) ATPL

Air Transport Pilot License (ATPL(A)) is a licence for you to seek if the following statements match with your expectations:
•Have always known that the career as the airline pilot is the lifelong goal;
•Have an understanding that aviation trainings require time, persistence, patience and social competence;
•Boeing, Airbus or similar commercial airliners are the aircrafts of your choice;
•You are ready to pursue career from being the first officer to becoming a captain;
•Dynamic lifestyle, changing work environment and responsibility suits your personality.

Pendidikan pelengkap untuk pilot

Type Qualification
 Setiap pilot harus dididik khusus untuk dapat menerbangkan pesawat jenis tertentu terutama untuk
penerbangan komersial.
Misalnya ada pilot yang tersertifikasi hanya untuk menerbangkan pesawat Boeing 737 saja atau Airbus A380
saja
Ingat bahwa setiap pesawat terbang memiliki desain layout kokpit yang berbeda-beda dan kelakuan yang
berbeda-beda pula
Captain Qualification
Pesawat berpenumpang 20 atau lebih mengharuskan pilot in command (captain) didampingi oleh first officer
(co-pilot)
Pilot-pilot junior perlu mendapat pengalaman terbang selama waktu tertentu sebagai first officer sebelum
bisa mengambil sertifikasi sebagai captain
Route/line training
Pelatihan khusus untuk rute penerbangan tertentu

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Pemeriksaan berkala pilot

Pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala (medical check up)
Setidaknya 6 bulan sekali
Kesehatan pilot seperti jantung, mata, dan lain-lain perlu dijaga demi keselamatan penerbangan

Ujian kecakapan berkala (proficiency check)

Setidaknya 6 bulan sekali

UAS
Kamis 4 Februari 13.00-15.00
Bahan: Pertemuan 1-14

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Terima Kasih

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