Peng Hawa An
Peng Hawa An
DESKRIPSI BANGUNAN
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KECEPATAN ANGIN
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Tabel 1. Terrain Constant for the Earth’s Boundary Layers (Sumber: Aynsley, 1995)
Diketahui:
V open country (BMG) = 5 m/s
Z BMG = 10 m
Z (100% open country)= 300 m
Z (100% urban) = 500 m
Z bangunan =4m
; open country = 0.15
; urban = 0.36
Ditanya:
V bangunan (4m) di urban
Jawab:
α
z
Vz = Vg
z
g
0.15
300m
V (100%opencountry ) = 5 m/s
10m
V (100%opencountry ) = 8,33m / s
0, 36
4m
Vbangunan = 8,33 m/s
500m
Vbangunan = 1,46m / s
Jadi kecepatan angin (v) pada ketinggian bangunan (4 m) pada urban
adalah 1,46 m/s.
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Cp DISTRIBUTION
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-
0.3
- -
0.3 0.3
0.06
-
0.3
0.06
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Cp INTERNAL
Q = C d Av(Cp e − Cp i )1 / 2
Cpo- Cpo-
Cpi1 x-1 Cpi1
Cp1= 0.06 Cpi= -0.1 0.16 0.4
Cp2= -0.3 Cpi= -0.1 -0.2 0.2 0.4472136
Cp3= 0.06 Cpi= -0.1 0.16 0.4
Cp4= -0.3 Cpi= -0.1 -0.2 0.2 0.4472136
Cp5= -0.3 Cpi= -0.1 -0.2 0.2 0.4472136
Cp6= -0.3 Cpi= -0.1 -0.2 0.2 0.4472136
Q/CdA -0.988854
Cpo- Cpo-
Cpi1 x-1 Cpi1
Cp1= 0.06 Cpi= -0.2 0.26 0.509902
Cp2= -0.3 Cpi= -0.2 -0.1 0.1 0.3162278
Cp3= 0.06 Cpi= -0.2 0.26 0.509902
Cp4= -0.3 Cpi= -0.2 -0.1 0.1 0.3162278
Cp5= -0.3 Cpi= -0.2 -0.1 0.1 0.3162278
Cp6= -0.3 Cpi= -0.2 -0.1 0.1 0.3162278
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Q/CdA -0.245107
Cpo- Cpo-
Cpi1 x-1 Cpi1
Cp1= 0.06 Cpi= -0.22 0.28 0.5291503
Cp2= -0.3 Cpi= -0.22 -0.08 0.08 0.2828427
Cp3= 0.06 Cpi= -0.22 0.28 0.5291503
Cp4= -0.3 Cpi= -0.22 -0.08 0.08 0.2828427
Cp5= -0.3 Cpi= -0.22 -0.08 0.08 0.2828427
Cp6= -0.3 Cpi= -0.22 -0.08 0.08 0.2828427
Q/CdA -0.07307
Cpo- Cpo-
Cpi1 x-1 Cpi1
Cp1= 0.06 Cpi= -0.23 0.29 0.5385165
Cp2= -0.3 Cpi= -0.23 -0.07 0.07 0.2645751
Cp3= 0.06 Cpi= -0.23 0.29 0.5385165
Cp4= -0.3 Cpi= -0.23 -0.07 0.07 0.2645751
Cp5= -0.3 Cpi= -0.23 -0.07 0.07 0.2645751
Cp6= -0.3 Cpi= -0.23 -0.07 0.07 0.2645751
Q/CdA 0.0187324
-
0.3
- Gambar 5. Perkiraan
0.23 - aliran angin
- 0.3 berdasarkan nilai Cpi
0.3
-
0.23 - 0.06
0.3
0.06
Arah angin 0 terhadap
garis normal
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Rumus 3: Air flow rate untuk bukaan paralel (Sumber: Markus, Morris, 1980)
V = 0.827()Τϕ∆p /Φ6
∑ A ()Τϕ
m 3 s/Φ6
−1
18.797 Τφ1
15.93 Τφ 10 00 10 241.2
1 220.56 48
486.45
0.5
Di mana:
V = air flow rate
A = Area
P = pressure
Rumus 4: Air flow rate untuk bukaan seri (Sumber: Markus, Morris, 1980)
A1 A2
V = 0.827 ()Τϕ
∆p m 3 s/Φ6
−1
15.809 Τφ 1 0 0 1 288 297.
0.5
Di mana:
V = air flow rate
A = Area
P = pressure
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p = Cp ρv 2
2
Di mana:
P = pressure
Cp = Coefficient Pressure
r = density of air = 1,293
v = kecepatan angin
Nilai Cp Ruang Tamu adalah 0.06 pada inlet dan -0.3 pada outlet
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p1 = Cp ρv 2
2
p1 = 0,06()Τϕ
0,5 ()Τϕ
1,293/Φ6
()Τϕ
/Φ6 15.855
pa /Φ6
15.855
15.855
Τφ Τφ
1 01Τφ00 110 0176.4
1 0208.08
1 234
413.73
413.73
413.73
Τµ ()
Τµ
Τµ
2
1,46
p1 = 0,083 pa
1
p 2 = Cp ρv 2
2
p 2 = −0,3()Τϕ
0,5 ()Τϕ
1,293/Φ6
()Τϕ
/Φ6 15.855
pa /Φ6
15.855
15.855
Τφ Τφ
1 01Τφ00 110 0177.84
1 0209.52
1 235.44
318.21
318.21
318.21
Τµ Τµ
()
2
1,46
p 2 = −0,41 pa
A1 A2
V = 0,827 ()Τϕ
∆p m 3 s/Φ6
0.5 −1
15.855 Τφ 1 0 0 1 253.44 205.
()Τϕ /Φ6 21.164 Τφ 1 0 0 1 215.52
A 2 + A 2 0.5
1 2
1,92 × 0,96
V = 0,827 ()Τϕ
0,083 − ()Τϕ
−/Φ6
0.41 15.855
0.5
/Φ6
m 3 s −1 15.855
Τφ 1 Τφ
0 01 10 330.48
0 1 326.8
16
()Τϕ /Φ6 19.23 Τφ 1 0 0 1 232.56 149.0
1,92 2 + 0,96 2 0.5
V = 0,5m 3 / s
Jadi nilai air flow rate untuk ruang tamu adalah 0,5 m3/s.
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1
p 2 = Cp ρv 2
2
p 2 = −0,23()Τϕ
0,5 ()Τϕ
1,293/Φ6
()Τϕ
/Φ6 15.855
pa /Φ6
15.855
15.855
Τφ Τφ
1 01Τφ00 110 0184.32
1 0215.76
1 241.68
526.29
526.29
526.29
Τµ Τµ
()
2
1,46
p 2 = −0,32 pa
V = 0.827()Τϕ∆p /Φ6
∑ A ()Τϕ
m 3 s/Φ6
−1
18.703
15.855 Τφ
Τφ 11 00 0 01 1207.12
186.48 425.2
425.25 Τµ
0.5
V = 0.827(0,96)(0,083 − (−0,32)) 0, 5 m 3 / s
V = 0,5m 3 / s
Jadi nilai air flow rate untuk ruang tidur adalah 0,5 m3/s.
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Nilai air change per hour untuk ruang tamu adalah 33,34
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Nilai air change per hour untuk ruang tidur adalah 50,2
STACK EFFECT
3463H
∆p = ()Τϕ
t i − t o Pa/Φ6 15.887 Τφ 1 0 0 1 263.04 477.8
()Τϕ
t o + 273 ()Τϕ
/Φ6
t i + 27315.887
/Φ6 15.887
Τφ 1 Τφ
0 01 10 182.16
0 1 225.84
468.45
468.45
Τµ ()Τµ
Di mana:
p = tekanan
H = jarak antara dua bukaan
ti =temperature di dalam ruangan
to = temperature di luar ruangan
SIANG HARI
H = 1,3 m.
Suhu luar = 29ºC
Suhu dalam = 31ºC
A inlet = 1,6 x 1,2 = 1,92 m2
A outlet = 0,8 X 0,4 = 0,32 m2
Perbedaan temperature = ti – to = 31ºC – 29ºC = 2ºC
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3463H
∆p = ()Τϕ
t i − t o Pa/Φ6 15.824 Τφ 1 0 0 1 263.04 723.8
()Τϕ
t o + 273 ()Τϕ
/Φ6
t i + 27315.824
/Φ6 15.824
Τφ 1 Τφ
0 01 10 182.16
0 1 225.84
714.45
714.45
Τµ ()Τµ
3463 ×1,3
∆p = ()Τϕ
2 Pa /Φ6 15.824 Τφ 1 0 0 1 247.68 688.
()Τϕ
29 + 273 /Φ6
()Τϕ 15.824
31 + 273 /Φ6 15.824
Τφ 1 0
Τφ0 11 0185.04
0 1 232.08
679.17
679.17
Τµ () Τµ
∆p = 0,098Pa
A1 A2
V = 0,827 ()Τϕ
∆p m 3 s/Φ6
0.5 −1
15.855 Τφ 1 0 0 1 253.44 587.
1 ()Τϕ /Φ6 21.164 Τφ 1 0 0 1 215.52
A2 +A 2
2
0. 5
1,92 × 0,32
V = 0,827 ()Τϕ
0,098 m/Φ6
0.5 3 −1
s 15.855 Τφ 1 0 0 1 283.44 54
()Τϕ /Φ6 19.23 Τφ 1 0 0 1 232.56 531.3
1,92 2 + 0,32 2 0.5
V = 0,08m / s
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Pada siang hari terjadi stack effect, tetapi nilainya sangat kecil, yaitu 0,08
m3/s, jadi efeknya tidak terlalu bisa dirasakan.
MALAM HARI
H = 1,3 m.
Suhu luar = 26ºC
Suhu dalam = 30ºC
A inlet = 0 m2
A outlet = 0 m2
Perbedaan temperature = ti – to = 30ºC – 26ºC = 4ºC
Pada malam hari, kebiasaan hidup penghuni adalah menutup jendela. Sehingga
area bukaan tidak ada, maka pada malam hari tidak terjadi stack effect
maupun air flow rate. Air change yang terjadi untuk malam hari adalah air
change minimum yang beasal dari crack.
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DAFTAR REFERENSI
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