Hamzah Shatri
.
Definisi Nyeri
The International Association for the
Study of Pain (IASP),
Pengalaman sensorik dan emosional
yang tidak menyenangkan yang
berhubungan dengan kerusakan jaringan
atau potensial akan menyebabkan
kerusakan jaringan.
Nyeri-Pain
Gangguan Psikosomatik.
Persepsi.
Pengalaman emosional
NYERI_PAIN
Gejala penyakit / tanda vital.
Sifatnya subjektif, selalu terkait dengan
faktor psikis, emosional.
Gangguan Psikosomatik
Fungsional : nyeri psikogenik
Organik : penyebab struktural
:
NYERI PSIKOGENIK
Gangguan Psikosomatik Fungsional
Nyeri kepala
Nyeri leher
Nyeri Dada
Nyeri perut
Nyeri sendi dan otot, Dll
Nyeri Psikosomatik Organik
Neurofisiologis
Nyeri Nosiseptif Nyeri somatik
Nyeri viseral
Fisiopatologi
Kerusakan jaringan (Nyeri nosiseptik)
Abnormalitas susunan syaraf (Nyeri Neuropatik)
Gangguan Psikis (Nyeri Psikogenik)
Nyeri psikogenik ;
Nyeri somatoform, idiopatik, nyeri atipikal.
Nyeri neuropatik .
Neuralgia trigeminal, neuralgia
pascaherpetik dan neuropati perifer.
disebabkan trauma / iritasi neural
Epidemiologi Nyeri Psikogenik
L
+
SG Persepsi nyeri
+ T sentral
S
Adanya luka/inflamasi -
penglepasan histamin,
serotonin, bradikadin,
prostaglandin, substansi P dl-
merangsang nosisptor-
serabut saraf- transduksi
neuronnal-transmisi aferen
ke ganglion radiks dorsalis
medula spinalis-
itransmisikan ke korteks -
rasa nyeri.
TATALAKSANA
NYERI PSIKOGENIK
Evaluasi dan Eksplorasi status psikis
Perception Family
Mood Work
Psycho
PAIN
Community
Cognitive
Kognitif N
O
Emosi S
Terapi Psikis Sosio-Lingkungan I Terapi
S Somatik
E
P
T
Spiritual I
K
Terapi psikis akan memberikan hasil pada nyeri organik dan sebaliknya terapi somatik
akan memberikan perbaikan pada fungsi psikis
CHEST PAIN :
Cardiac or non
Cardiac ?
Functional or
Organic ?
Noncardiac chest pain
Esophageal Gastroesophageal reflux
Ssophagitis / Spasm
Musculoskeletal Costo/ Osteo chondritis
Increased tension
Hyperventilation
Psychosomatic Panic
Depression
Somatization disorder
Psikofarmaka
anti ansietas pada fase akut,
anti depresan pada nyeri kronik, terutama
golongan serotonergik
Psikoterapi
Adequate psychological support is critical, as removing the fear of pain in itself will help to optimise pain control.
Non-drug measures to help psychological or spiritual distress may be as important as medication in relieving pain
and suffering.
Pain tolerance is raised by:
Relief of symptoms
Sleep
Rest or physiotherapy
Relaxation therapy
Explanation/support
Understanding/empathy
Diversion
Listening
Elevation of mood
Finding meaning and significance
Social inclusion
Support to express emotions
Adequate psychological support is critical, as removing the fear of pain in itself will help to optimise pain control.
Non-drug measures to help psychological or spiritual distress may be as important as medication in relieving pain
and suffering.
Kesimpulan