New Challenges for Journalist in Digital Era: Dealing with Low-

Quality News

Azahra Kaulika Irawansyah1, Rizki Febrian2, Ahmad Ripaldi3

1,2,3
Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

1,2,3
Jl. Tarumanegara, Pisangan, Kec. Ciputat, Kota Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15419, Indonesia
1
azahra.kaulika21@mhs.uinjkt.ac.id
2
rizki.febrian21@mhs.uinjkt.ac.id
3
ahmad.ripaldi21@mhs.uinjkt.ac.id

Abstrak

Pada era digital ini ternyata jurnalis dapat beradaptasi ke arah yang lebih
baik. Jurnalis dapat menyajikan berita dengan cara yang berbeda dari biasanya,
yaitu dengan menampilkannya di akun media sosial yang saat ini mayoritas
masyarakat menggunakan media sosial untuk mencari berita atau informasi.
Dengan mempermudah jurnalis dalam membuat berita di era digital ini, maka
dibutuhkan konten berita yang berkualitas untuk menjaga keakuratan dan nilai
berita. Selain itu, di era digital ini jurnalis dituntut untuk menghasilkan berita
dengan cepat. Menyajikan dan membuat berita dengan cepat tentu akan
mempengaruhi kualitas konten berita. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk
mengetahui apakah di era digital ini jurnalis masih mengutamakan kualitas konten
berita atau tidak. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk 10 orang jurnalis dengan
menggunakan metode kualitatif dan diperoleh dengan menggunakan kuesioner.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa jurnalis masih memperhatikan kualitas
konten berita, mulai dari teknik pengumpulan berita, sumber berita, jenis berita,
dan konten berita. Selain itu, hal-hal kecil dalam penulisan berita yang
berpengaruh besar terhadap kualitas isi berita juga masih dipertimbangkan, seperti
judul yang sesuai dengan isi berita, kreativitas dalam penulisan berita, dan berita
yang dapat bermanfaat bagi pembaca.

Kata-kata Kunci: Era Digital; Jurnalis; Berita; Konten;

Abstract

In this digital era, it turns out that journalists can adapt in a better direction.
Journalists can present news in a different way than usual, namely by displaying it
on social media accounts where the majority of people currently use social media
to find news or information. By making it easier for journalists to make news in
this digital era, quality news content is needed to maintain the accuracy and value
of the news. Also In this digital era, journalists are required to produce news
quickly. Presenting and making news quickly will certainly affect the quality of
news content. The purpose of this study is to determine whether, in this digital
era, journalists still prioritize the quality of news content or not. The objective of
this research is aimed at 10 journalists using qualitative methods obtained by
using a questionnaire. The results of this study show that journalists are still
concerned about the quality of news content, ranging from news collection
techniques, news sources, types of news, and news content. Besides that, small
things in news writing that have a big influence on the quality of news content are
also still being considered, such as titles that match with news content, creativity
in news writing, and news that can be useful for readers.

Keywords: Digital Era; Journalists; News; Content

___
INTRODUCTION internet technology that allows unlimited
In recent years, the world is data searches (Muliawanti, 2018).
entering the era of digitalization. Along Sixth, Septina Trisnawati said that
with the development of the times, the advancement of information
digitalization has begun to penetrate all technology also gave birth to new
lines of industry, including the journalism challenges and opportunities for
industry. Previous studies related to this journalism activities, including the issue of
title include those conducted by Asep the availability of enormous data that can
Setiawan who stated that in this era of be processed to become news (Trisnawati,
digital technology, the process of creating 2021). Seven, Parni Hadi mentioned the
and presenting news is requested to be fast professionalism of journalists in the
(Sani, 2019). current era is getting challenged by social
Second, Djoko Waluyo, stated that media (Hermawan, 2021).
the digital era has brought changes to Eighth, Desy Pangapuli stated that
conventional journalism practices into journalistic media are expected to prepare
digital media journalism, which is and present information quickly without
characterized by fast news processing, fast compromising the accuracy of information
distribution to reach the audience, and can (Pangapuli, 2021). Ninth, Untung
be trusted (Waluyo, 2018). Third, Reynas Wahyudi mentions the skills required of
Abdila mentioned that a journalist also journalists in the digital era, and that is
needs to have skills so that can ask heavier than the heyday of print media
questions that can reveal data correctly (Wahyudi, 2018).
(Abdila, 2020). Last, Faustinus Nua stated that the
Fourth, Aat Surya Safaat mentions presence of digital technology has made it
the world of journalism, including in easier to access information to the public,
Indonesia, inevitably experiences a shift through social media information is
and produces various terms, ranging from quickly delivered to the public without
cyber journalism, online journalism, and being verified, thus causing the rise of fake
convergent journalism (Safaat, 2021). information or news called hoaxes. (Nua,
Fifth, Lintang Muliawanti states that 2021).
online journalism, which is required to be All of these studies indicate that the
fast and up to date, demands the speed of journalism industry is currently being
journalists in carrying out their work influenced by the digitalization era, which
which is also supported by the presence of requires journalists to produce accurate
news in a short time to serve the public's research subjects such as behavior,
demand with up-to-date news. The perceptions, motivations, actions, etc.
difference between this research and holistically, and using descriptions in the
previous studies is that this research form of words and language. a special
focuses on discussing how a journalist context that is natural and by utilizing
makes news in today's digital era, which is various natural methods (Sugianto, 2020).
demanded to be fast and accurate without The research process includes
forgetting the code of ethics for making research questions and procedures
journalism. that are still tentative, collecting data in
On the internet whenever there is participant settings, analyzing data
an incident or event that goes viral, many inductively, building partial data into
journalists certainly take advantage of this themes, and then providing interpretations
situation to immediately make news as of the meaning of the data. The last
quickly as possible about what is activity is to make reports into a flexible
happening at that time, but because they structure (Pengertian Metode Penelitian
are chasing time to publish news, some Kualitatif, n.d.).
journalists finally ignore the accuracy of Advantages of qualitative research
the source of information from the news. According to Patton, qualitative methods
which is made. Because of this, there is a allow researchers to examine selected
lot of news that deserves to be questioned issues, cases, or events in depth and detail,
about the accuracy of the content of the facts in the form of data collections are not
news, so there are a lot of people who read limited by predefined categories. This
the news that is confusing the truth. research is direct where researchers can
The research from the title of this listen directly or see directly a
article uses qualitative research methods. phenomenon that is a research problem.
Qualitative research is research that is With direct research, the data in the field
descriptive and tends to use analysis. becomes more accurate and factual (Dinda,
Process and meaning are highlighted in 2020).
qualitative research. The theoretical basis This research is expected to
is used as a guide so that the research provide an overview to journalists in
focus is on the facts on the ground. dealing with low-quality news. From the
According to Moleong, qualitative explanation of the problem above, the
research is intended to understand the author decides that New Challenges for
phenomena of what is experienced by Journalists in the Digital Era: Dealing with
Low-Quality News is the focus of this
research.
The formulation of the problem in
this research is how do journalists deal
with low-quality news in the digital era?
Based on the formulation of the problem,
the objectives of this research are to find
out how to make quality news in the digital
era and how to deal with low-quality news
in the digital age.
The advantages of this research are
expected to provide knowledge and an
overview for journalists about presenting
quality news, especially in this digital era.
In addition, this research is also expected
to provide benefits for journalists in
dealing with low-quality news by
emphasizing the elements in presenting
news properly and correctly.
The reason for using the title of this
research is because in the digital era
presenting good and correct news is
needed. The writing of the news can affect
the quality of the content of the news,
with this research, we hope that journalists
will pay more attention and know the
elements of making good news to produce
good quality news.
LITERATURE REVIEW
In strengthening the literature
review, researchers see how previous
research has relevance and relevance to the
current research being carried out. Thus,
researchers get an overview and
supporting references, as well as adequate
complements and comparisons from
previous studies to make this research
better.
This research is based on Online
Journalism: A Critical Primer from Jim
Hall. The theory presented by Jim Hall.
He gives an example of television that
increases its interactivity by creating an
online version. According to him, the
online version of television will connect
the media with groups and individuals,
because in practice the interactivity
between television and the audience is
limited (Wyss, 2018).
One product of TV shows is news.
In the concept of communication, the news
is a message. News according to Dean M.
Lyle Spencer is any accurate fact or an
idea that can attract the attention of a large
number of readers. Mitchell V. Charnley
calls it a report on facts or opinions that
have appeal or importance or both to the
public at large. Thus it can be concluded
that the news is an interesting fact or actual
opinion.
In the Online version, Online
media is part of the new media. Online
media has different characteristics than
traditional media so that in this case it
causes a change in the position of the
audience, where the audience has the
opportunity to play an active role in the
news production process even more so, the
audience which is usually positioned under
professional journalists in some cases has
now become equal to journalists.
professional.
The next character is immediacy
which allows updating of information
faster than traditional media. At least the
internet can beat the print media which has
to print the news the next day and
television which has to make preparations
before broadcasting. Online journalism
also has the advantage of multimedia
capability that allows messages to be
delivered in various versions of the text,
video, and audio.
Meanwhile, the important character
of online journalism is interactivity or
reciprocity that allows direct audience
participation. In this way, online
journalism can carry out the function of
two-way communication and interpersonal
communication between the media and the
user. Online journalism also has
advantages that traditional media do not
have, namely multimedia capability where
online media can display information in
the form of text, video, and audio
simultaneously.
Talking about the quality of news
in this digital era, according to
Communication Expert at the University
of Indonesia, Effendi Gazali, assessing the
quality of news in the mass media has
decreased due to lack of accuracy. The
decrease in accuracy occurs because
journalists are not provided with adequate
journalistic education. To become a
professional journalist requires training
and capacity building through good
education. Journalists are also currently
working in an era with extraordinary
dilemmas. On the one hand, various
information, stories, and access to events
can be obtained easily. On the other hand,
the credibility of the media as creators of
reality is increasingly being eroded by the
flood of information delivered by social
media.
Compared to social media,
conventional media, which came much
earlier, had to admit defeat in terms of
speed, virality, and the ability to interact
with their readers. Some people have even
looked at conventional media with one
eye. Then, make social media the main
reference. The power of social media as
the creator of reality is evident in several
important events. (Livikacansera, 2016).
Now many sources or figures feel
more effective in disseminating or
providing information to the public using
social media rather than using
conventional media, be it newspapers,
television, or online media. Because social
media can be free and accessed by millions
of readers and viewers.
 Indonesians tend to use social
media as the most accessible source of
information. This condition is reflected in
the Katadata Insight Center (KIC) survey
which shows that 76% of respondents
choose this medium. In addition to social
media, television and news in the network
(online) are the next options to get
information that can be accessed. This
was acknowledged by 59.5% of
respondents and 25.2% of respondents.
KIC in collaboration with the Ministry of
Communication and Information
(Kominfo) conducted a digital literacy
survey. The study recruited 1,670
respondents from 34 provinces in
Indonesia.
Seeing how many Indonesians use
social media as a source of information, of
course, this is something that must be a
concern. Because we know, information or
news before being published must have
evidence and witnesses to see the
authenticity of the news. We often find
news media platforms that take
information from social media. For
example, news about the incident
attributed to the victim as the main source
on his social media. Or, news from various
state dignitaries and celebrities. Therefore,
being selective in receiving information
from social media is the main focus for us.
Looking for the same news or information
from different sources is one way to deal
with fake news or hoaxes.
This is a challenge in the world of
journalism in this digital era. Although
digital media makes it easier for
journalists, they also have an impact on the
journalists themselves. Utilizing
technology as a source of information has
both positives and negatives. It depends
on how we select the source of the
information in a positive direction
(Pusparisa, 2020).
METHODOLOGY
This research is qualitative
methods with a descriptive format. This
research instrument uses a Likert scale by
providing 10 statements that have been
made to find out the journalist’s responses
in presenting the news.
The subjects in this study were
aimed at 10 journalists, namely people
who came from the scope of journalism.
The scope in question is people who work
as copywriters and include people who
come from the world of journalism and
study journalism.
The statements submitted are
divided into two, namely positive and
negative statements. This research scale is
used to measure the attitudes and opinions
of journalists in dealing with news quality.
With a four-choice scale, namely, strongly
disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, and
strongly agree.
The characteristics of people who
fill out this questionnaire are people who
work as journalists, learn about the world
of journalism, know how to present news,
and have expertise in writing news and
delivering news.
The data collected is primary data
that will be compiled and then presented in
tabular form. Data analysis will be seen
from the results of calculations from the
questionnaire which will be described in a
Likert scale calculation format.
This study aims to find out what
aspects are still considered by journalists
in writing news. These aspects are related
to how long the news is presented, the
news must attract the interest of readers,
credible news sources, alignment of news
content with news titles, and quality and
useful content for readers.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This research shows that journalists
in this digital era still pay attention to the
quality of news content. This research also
shows that journalists in this digital era can
deal with low-quality news, one of which
is by focusing on aspects of presenting
quality news. Starting from how long the
news can be made or presented, the
alignment of the title with the content of
the news, news sources that have been
credible and can be trusted, creativity in
making news, and quality news content
that can be useful for the readers.
First, it’s the time needed to
formulate news. This study shows that 10
journalists agree that presenting news
requires time. The speed in presenting
news must also be accompanied by the
quality of news content, such as news that
must be interesting and accurate, which is
important in the process of presenting
news. Interesting means the content or
appearance of the news can encourage the
interest of newsreaders.
In addition, the news must also be
accurate because it can also affect the
quality of the news. Accurate means that
every information contained in the news
can be justified and must be by the facts.
Another study states that the speed factor
in presenting news on online news makes
news presentations that do not apply 5W +
1H elements (Bangun et al., 2019). With
the demands of the digital era that requires
making news quickly, the elements in
making news sometimes go unnoticed.
Second, the alignment of the title
with the content of the news. This study
shows that 10 journalists do not agree if
they have to write news that does not
match the title and content, such as writing
a controversial news title even though it is
not by the news content. The alignment of
headlines and news content can refer to
what is called clickbait.
Other research assumes that
clickbait titles do not violate journalistic
rules in news writing. This applies if the
title and content of the news still have
alignment, but in news writing, there is
also a clickbait that is not aligned. This
misalignment can cause various impacts,
such as harming the community and even
the online media that broadcast it.
Frequent use of click feeds that are not
aligned with the content of the news can
also cause the online media concerned to
go bankrupt because they have lost
credibility and been abandoned by their
readers. (Sandi dan Risa Dwi Ayuni, 2018)
Third, based on research,
journalists do not agree if they have to
write news that has not been credible.
Verified news sources are likely to be
justified. Data from trusted sources can be
in the form of direct interviews or from
online media that have guaranteed the truth
of the information.
Fourth, creativity in making news
is also very needed. Research shows that
journalists strongly agree that news must
have the creativity to attract readers'
interest. Characteristics of creative news,
such as news that is unique and different
from other news, news that presents
attractive thumbnail images, uses
distinctive language, and has interesting
elements in presenting news to attract
readers' interest.
Last, quality news content that can
be useful for readers. In creating news
content, journalists must pay close
attention to news content that can be useful
for readers. Research shows that
journalists strongly agree in making news
that is not only intended to convey
information but can also be useful for
readers. Useful means that news can add
insight to readers or there are good values
in the news content.
In this digital era, journalists are
also dealing with low-quality news. Low-
quality news has several characteristics,
namely news that is inaccurate because it
is made quickly, news sources that cannot
be trusted, news titles that are
controversial and not in harmony with
news titles, monotonous news which there
is no appeal or creativity in it, and news
with inferior content.
In this research, journalists have
been able to distinguish which news has
good quality and news that has low-
quality. With this research, it can be seen
that journalists are still concerned with the
elements of presentation in making news
so that the news that is made can have
good quality. Therefore, low-quality news
can be overcome by avoiding aspects that
can make the news unworthy because of
the elements of news presentation that are
ignored.

Table 1 Likert Scale

Source: diedit.com 2021

Table 2 Questionnaire Results About New Challenges for Journalists in the Digital Era:
Dealing with Low-quality News with Likert Scale Format

SD D N A SA
N STATEMENTS 1 2 3 4 5
O The Choices of 10 Journalists
1.
Journalism news should be made quick and interesting. 2 4 4

2.
Journalism news should be published within an hour,
after the thing that was reported happened. 2 4 4

3.
Journalists should have to publish incomplete news (as
long as it's fast) on the condition that the journalist will 1 3 4 2
publish the same news with complete information
added.

4.
Journalists should have to write a controversial headline 3 5 2
even if it doesn't match the content of the news.

5.
News should be written with a source of information 1 8 1
that has not been credible.

6.
News should be made with useful information from 4 6
verified social media accounts.
 7.
Journalism new should also be made 2 8
creatively to attract readers' interest.

8.
Journalists should have to write news with a unique and 6 4
interesting discussion theme.

9.
Journalists should have to write news that the content is
not very important to report, for example, about 3 2 4 1
celebrity wedding series.

10.
Journalism always prioritizes quality content so that
readers not only get information but also useful 2 8
knowledge.

8(1 20(2 20(3 27(4 20(5

) ) ) ) )
TOTAL SCORE
=8 = 40 = 60 =108 =100

8+40+60+108+100 = 316

- Respondents who answered neutral

(3) = 20 × 3 = 60
Likert Scale Calculation
- Respondents who answered agree (4)
Formula: T × Pn
= 27 × 4 = 108
T = Total number of respondents who
- Respondents who answered strongly
chose
agree (5) = 20 × 5 = 100
Pn = Choice of Likert score numbers
Total score = 8+40+60+108+100
= 316
(Editorial, 2021)
Interpretation of calculation score :
Based on results of the research
questionnaire : To get the interpretation results, it
must first be known the highest score (X)
- Respondents who answered strongly
and the lowest score (Y) for the
disagree (1) = 8 × 1 = 8
assessment item with the following
- Respondents who answered disagree formula:
(2) = 20 × 2 = 40
 - Y = Likert's highest score x
number of respondents
- X = Likert’s lowest score x
number of respondents
- Y = 5 × 10 = 50
- X = 1 × 10 = 10
Index formula % = Total score / Y × 10
Completion :
= Total score / Y × 10
= 316 / 50 × 10
= 63,2 % (agree/good/like)
Interval Formula
I = 100 / Total Score (Likert)
Then = 100 / 5 = 20
Result (I) = 20
(this is the interval from the lowest 0% to
the highest 100%)
The following are the criteria
interpreting the scores based on intervals:
- Number 0% – 19.99% = Strongly
Disagree (disagree/bad/very less)
- Number 20% – 39.99% = Disagree
(not good)
- Number 40% – 59.99% = Neutral
(fair)
- Number 60% – 79.99% = Ageee
(agree/good/like)
- Number 80% – 100% = Strongly
Agree (very agree/very good)
Based on the completion of the results
of the questionnaires that have been
distributed, the figure is 63.2%, which
means that the respondents, namely 10
journalists, agree with the statements
submitted in the questionnaire.
The statements in the questionnaire
relate to the presentation of the news.
Overall results indicate that journalists
agree and support the statements. Judging
from the results of the choices on the
questionnaire, journalists can find out the
elements that must be in the news and the
things that can make the news have low-
quality news have become a concern for
journalists in writing news.
Other studies that support this research
state that how journalism can produce
good quality news continuously and
for sustainably. The study also explains that
the quality of the news will always be
considered important for readers and
newsmakers, especially news that provides
reliable information or news that is
trustworthy (Abramson, 2010).
There is one more study that supports
this research by stating about news quality
based on readers, it is explained that there
is a quality standard between journalists
and readers. It’s difficult for readers to
detect the quality of the news, but readers
can still detect the quality of the news from
the relevance of the news to their lives. It
is also explained that the brand of news
institutions (for example like
detik.com/tirto etc.) is important for
readers to determine whether the quality of
the news is good or not (Urban et al.,
2014).
CONCLUSION
Based on the description of the results
of the research and discussion carried out,
it can be concluded that the challenges of
journalists in this digital era in dealing
with low-quality news have been
considered by journalists. Presentation of
quality news in this digital era is very
important because the amount of news that
is written can affect the quality of the
news. Journalists know how to deal with
low-quality news by knowing every aspect
for making good quality news
It can be concluded, that good
quality news is such as news that is made
accurately and interestingly, news that has
news sources that are credible and can be
justified, news that has an alignment of
title and content of news, and news that is
made creatively and different from other
news, as well as news that can increase
knowledge and benefit the readers.
While the characteristics of low-
quality news, namely news that is made
quickly without paying attention to the
accuracy of the news, news sources that
are not credible, controversial news, and
news that is made monotonous or lacks
uniqueness or creativity, and news that
does not have good values.
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