DISAIN PENELITIAN

PTSP8-102

SESI 05:
SETTING RESEARCH PROBLEMS, QUESTION
RESEARCH, AND OBJECTIVES

Prof. Dr. Ir. Suripin, M.Eng

 Rencana 1 Pendahuluan Prof. Dr. Ir. Suripin, M.Eng
Pembelajaran 2 Menulis Proposal Penelitian Prof. Dr. Ir. Suripin, M.Eng
3 Telaah literatur / studi pustaka (bagian -1) Prof. Dr. Ir. Suripin, M.Eng
Semester (RPS) 4 Telaah literatur / studi pustaka (bagian -2) Prof. Dr. Ir. Suripin, M.Eng
Setting research Problems, Question Research &
Prof. Dr. Ir. Suripin, M.Eng
5 Objectives
6 Pemilihan Disain Penelitian Prof. Dr. Ir. Suripin, M.Eng
7 Sitasi dan Referensi Prof. Dr. Ir. Suripin, M.Eng
8 Ujian Tengah Semester (UTS)
9 Pengumpulan Data Kuantitatif Prof. Dr. Ir. Sriyana, MS
10 Pengumpulan Data kualitatif Prof. Dr. Ir. Sriyana, MS
11 Proses dan Analisis Data Penelitian Prof. Dr. Ir. Sriyana, MS
12 Menyusun Laporan Penelitian Prof. Dr. Ir. Sriyana, MS
13 Menulis Artikel Ilmiah Prof. Dr. Ir. Sriyana, MS
14 Paparan Proposal Penelitian Tim Dosen
15 Paparan Proposal Penelitian Tim Dosen
16 Ujian Akhir Semester (UAS)
 RENCANA No. NAMA
TOPIK/JUDUL 1
2
M HAFIZ ADILLA
MUHAMAD RIZKI HANTONO
PENELITIAN 3 IRAWATI FEBRIANI
MOIHB 2022 4 ADI PRASETYA NUGROHO
5 EGA IRAWAN
6 SITI ROBIATUL ADAWIYAH
7 NAN ADY WIBOWO
8 DIONYSIUS EDNA HARTYAN
MUHAMAD AIRLANGGA
9 Studi Dampak Perubahan Iklim terhadap Pola Operasi Waduk Leuwikeris Kabupaten Ciamis
AHMADI
10 ARI YUDHA BASKORO
11 SYAHRIZAL MUFRODI
12 INDAH TRI WAHYUNI
13 CINDY TRYAMARTI
YAN AHMAD CHRISTY
14 PAMBUDI
15 DILLON ASMARA MAKNUN
16 DIMAS BAGUS WICAKSONO
RENCANA JUDUL TESIS
Studi Pola Operasi Waduk X akibat Perubahan Iklim
Optimasi Pola Operasi Waduk Logung Akibat Perubahan Tata Guna Lahan
Optimasi Pola Operasi Waduk Cacaban untuk Pemenuhan Kebutuha Irigasi
Optimasi Pola Operasi Waduk Cengklik di Kabupaten Boyolali
Efektifitas Pengerukan Sedimen Waduk Pengga ditinjau dari Sisi Manfaat dan Biaya
Studi Pengaruh Sedimentasi terhadap Pola Operasi waduk
Studi Perubahan Pola Operasi Waduk Akibat Perubahan Iklim di Bendungan Nipah Kabupaten
Sampang
Kajian Pola Operasi Bendungan Tugu dengan Debit Andalan dari Data GPM
Optimasi Pola Operasi Waduk Sermo di Kabupaten Bantul DIY
Studi Dampak Perubahan Iklim dan Perubahan Tata Guna Lahan terhadap Erosi dan Sedimentasi
DTA Waduk
Analisa Keruntuhan Bendungan Akibat Overtopping dan Pemetaan Genangan Banjir
Optimasi Pola Operasi Bendungan Sadawarna untuk Menghadapi Perubahan Iklim Tahun 2030-
2050
Kajian Pengendalian Sedimentasi di Waduk Sengguruh Kabupaten Malang
Optimasi Pola Operasi waduk Semantok dengan Inflow Debit Andalan dan Inflow Debit Bangkitan
AWLR
Kajian Pengaruh Evaporasi dan Evapotranspirasi terhadap Tampungan Waduk
 RENCANA No.
1
NAMA
GERSON SIMBOLON
RENCANA JUDUL TESIS
Analisa Efektifitas Diafragma Wall terhadap Rembesan Bendungan Cengklik
TOPIK/JUDUL 2 GILANG BOBBY HILMAWAN
Evaluasi Efektifitas Pemasangan Chimnery Horizonatal Drain & Penambahan
Counter Wieght terhadap Stabilitas Bendung Cipancuh
PENELITIAN 3 ERIC SANDY MARBUN Analisa & Simulasi Bencana Banjir akibat Keruntuhan Bendungan Logung

MRIKB 2022
ZHAFARINA MALAHA Kajian Perilaku Penurunan Tubuh Bendungan Saat Pengisian Awal dengan
4
NASMIARTA Menggunakan Data Instrumentasi
MUHAMMAD
5 Analisis Perilaku Deformasi Vertikal dan Horizontal pada Bendungan Panohan
FADHLURRAHMAN HAZIM
6 IRFAN BAHARUDIN Studi Deformasi Bendungan Menggunakan Metode Geodetik
ALEXANDER CHRISTIAN
7 Tinjauan Instrumentasi Terpasang pada Bendungan Pascakonstruksi
TIBARRENA
8 SADEWA EKA PRATAMA Pengaruh Tekanan Air Pori terhadap Stabilitas Bendungan Urugan Batu
9 ALFIAN ARBIE SIMBOLON Kanjai Pengaruh Tekanan Piezometrik terhadap Stabilitas Bendungan Urugan
10 AGUNG ARIYAN PUTRA Kajian Dinamis pada Bendungan Urugan
11 NOOR JAKIRIN Perilaku Deformasi Bendungan Penjalin
12 HENU SATYA ALIPUTA Retrofitting Bendungan Tukuk untuk Meningkatkan Produksi Listrik
ALBI DANIEL
13 Analisa dan Studi Deformasi pada Bendungan Pidekso
HASUDUNGAN
MAULANA SEPTIAN DWI
14 Kajian Pengaruh Rembesan terhadap Kestabilan Bendungan
PRANATA
AHMAD HUSNI MUBARAK
15 Kajian Pengaruh Tekanan Air Pori terhadap Rembesan dan Stabilitas Bendungan
KURNIA ZAIN
 RENCANA No. NAMA RENCANA JUDUL TESIS
TOPIK/JUDUL 1 FIRDAZAM Pengendalian Sedimentasi pada DAS Walanae
PENELITIAN
SDA 2022 2 LILIS SURYANI Prediksi Usia Guna Waduk Beringin Sila

MUHAMMAD Evaluasi Drainase Jalan Pangeran Suryanata Kota

3
SYAHRIZAL MUSLIMIN Samarinda

Analisa Kapasitas Saluran Drainase di Jalan Desa Sawahan

4 DYAH JULIA SYIFA
Boyolali
 RENCANA ANGGA HERMAWAN ALIE
Pemodelan Mengunakan Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Dalam Operasi
Instrumentasi Hidro – Meteorologi Guna Mengoptimalkan Pengelolaan

TOPIK/JUDUL RICKY ZEFRI

Banjir Bendungan Ciawi
Optimasi Pemanfaatan Bendungan Untuk Daerah Irigasi
PENELITIAN DEVITA SATYA LESTARI
Analisis Neraca Air dan Kualitas Air Pada Daerah Aliran Sungai yang Masuk ke
Bendungan Dengan Menggunakan Pemodelan Ribasim
MOIHB 2021 YULI KURNIA SARI
Optimasi Pola Operasi Bendungan kaskade Batutegi - Way Sekampung Provinsi
Lampun
Kajian Respon Perubahan Karakteristik Curah Hujan Dan Iklim Terhadap
LINA DWI DAMAYANTI Keandalan Bendungan (Studi Kasus: Bendungan Samboja)
ANAS ZULFIKAR RASYID Review Pola Operasi Waduk Jatibarang Kabupaten Semarang

DEVI ISMIJAYANTI Optimasi Pola Operasi Waduk Lempake di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur

PROPEZITE NURHUTAMA MUSTAIN Evaluasi Pola Operasi Waduk Akibat Perubahan Iklim di Bendungan Kedungombo
Optimasi Pola Operasi Bendungan kaskade Batutegi - Way Sekampung Provinsi
AGUNG WASONO Lampung
ANGGA SUPRIYANTO Kajian Hidro-Meteorologi Bendungan Tugu
Pendugaan Beberapa Kondisi Debit Puncak Untuk Penilaian Keamanan
DIAN SWASTIKA Bendungan Manggar Kota Balikpapan
MOCH IBNU HARDIANSAH
FATHIR ARFIANSYAH
SYAIFUL BAHTIAR
 RENCANA NAMA/NIM TOPIK/JUDUL RENCANA PENELITIAN
TOPIK/JUDUL YUDHA PRATAMA NARRA PUTRA Evaluasi Keamanan dan Stabilitas Tubuh Bendungan Serta Efektivitas Penanganan
PENELITIAN 21010121413010 Longsoran pada Tubuh Bendungan (Studi Kasus Bendungan Cipancuh)

MRIKB 2020 ANDREAN RAHADY JUANIZAR

Model Interaksi Deformasi Tubuh Bendungan dan Kejadian Rembesan dalam
Beberapa Skenario Perubahan Tinggi Muka Air Sebagai Evaluasi Keamanan
21010121413014
Bendungan
MUHAMMAD FUAD MAULANA Analisis Rembesan dan Stabilitas Bendungan Urugan dengan Metode Elemen
21010121413022 Hingga
Analisa Keamanan Struktur Bawah Bendung Trenggalek Menggunakan
PATRICK MATHEUS
Perbandingan Data Antara Model Finite Element dengan Data Instrumentasi pada
21010121413025
Tubuh Bendungan yang Kritis
NUR ALVI ANISA Penentuan Prioritas Penanganan Komponen Bendungan Menggunakan Metode
21010121413027 Analytic Network Process
BRAMANTYO HERAWANTO Pengaruh Peningkatan Kapasitas Tampungan Waduk Terhadap Keamanan Tubuh
21010121413028 Bendungan (Studi Kasus : Bendungan Kedung Ombo)
HOTMA LAMTIO PURBA
Analisis Keamanan Struktur Bendungan Haliwen
21010121413029
IRFAN RIFQI SATRIO Analisis Kestabilan Lereng Tubuh Bendungan Ladongi Berdasarkan Data
21010121413033 Instrumentasi Keamanan Bendungan
ZAKARIYA AHMAD AJI PAMUNGKAS Analisa Instrumentasi Rembesan Dan Deformasi Untuk Evaluasi Keamanan
21010121413037 Bendungan
RIZKA SARTIKA HUTAMI Analisis Pengaruh Perilaku Rembesan Terhadap Stabilitas dan Keamanan
21010121413038 Bendungan Sermo
 RENCANA
TOPIK/JUDUL NAMA/NIM TOPIK/JUDUL RENCANA PENELITIAN

PENELITIAN Pemodelan Arus dan Gelombang akibat bangunan di

SDA ZIHAD AL FATTAH
Pantai Pekalongan

2021 NURDICKY FEBRIAN ADITYA Strategi Penanganan Banjir di Pantura

YULIANI WAHYU SARDANA Neraca Air (Ketersediaan Sumber Daya Air)

Pemilihan Strategi Pengendalian Kehilangan Air pada

INDRA RIA SAPUTRI
Saluran Air Baku Klambu Kudu Semarang

DEWI SHINTA RELUSYANI Erosi dan Sedimen Sungai

FIRDAZAM Pengendalian sedimen dengan perkuatan tebing

 Hot research Integrated Water Resources Management
topics on water 1) Water stress, droughts and floods, including impact of climate
resources change
2) Catchment management and ecosystem services on different scales
3) Large-scale nature-based solutions and biodiversity
4) Water rights, trading and partnerships

Holistic Assessments
1) Life cycle assessment, water efficiency, water footprint, virtual
water, etc.
2) Planetary boundaries and science of sustainability
3) Water resource management towards Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs)
Hot research Groundwater
1) Groundwater mapping, monitoring and modelling
topics 2) Protection of groundwater quality and quantity
3) Soil contamination and groundwater remediation
4) Governance, management and institutional arrangements

Surface Water
1) Surface water monitoring systems and models
2) Protection of surface water quality and quantity
3) Source-to-sea pollution management
4) Pollution from point sources – agriculture, industry, urban
5) Diffuse pollution – sources and mitigation
6) Water-related ecosystems and environmental flows
reservoir 1. Sedimentation: erosion, sediment flushing; dredging,
operation 2. Water quality: pollution, karamba, eutrophication, weeds,
3. Climate changes: hydrometeorological extreme events
issues 4. Environmental: fish habitat, river regime, downstream river
stability,
5. Backwater flooding,
6. Real time operation: hydrometry, hydrometeorology
7. Slope instability,
8. Land slide,
9. Excessive seepage,
10. Earthquake, and
11. Dam break.
reservoir 1. Optimal Reservoir Operation considering the Water Quality,

operation 2. Optimal Reservoir Operation considering the Sediment Inflow,

3. A stochastic conflict resolution model for water quality
issues management in reservoir-river systems,
4. Challenges of reservoir planning and management in a
changing world,
5. Developing Optimal Reservoir Operation for Multiple and
Multipurpose Reservoirs ,
6. Reservoir operations under climate change: Storage capacity
options to mitigate risk,
7. Effects of dams on downstream flow regime,
8. Modeling Real‐Time Reservoir Operations,
9. Effectiveness of existing dams in creating drought/flood
resiliency.
 Identifying
the problem

Writing
Reviewing
report, and
literature
publication

RESEARCH
Processing Setting
and research
analyzing questions,
data
PROCESS objectives,
and
hypothesis

Collecting Choosing the

data study design

Deciding on
the sample
design
 1. Problem(s)
FONDAMENTAL
QUESTIONS
WHAT 2. Research questions
3. Objectives
4. Hypothesis
 • Helps solve the problem, and to theory or
improve current practice
Most important-
o The core research problem identified is
expressed in a specific question format
What is a
o The process to answer the research question
researchable guides the rest of the journey
questions
• Need to be usable, current, and clear

• The answer(s) to the question will explain,

describe, identify, predict, or qualify
 • What is the situations?
• What is the relationship between the
variables?
What kind of
• What population is affected?
questions form
• When did the event happen?
research
• What factors are associated with the
question? condition?
• What caused the conditions?
• What is the effect of an intervention?
 PICO format

Population,
How to
structure a Intervention/exposure of interest
research
Comparison/control
question?
Outcome

Sometimes additional T for Time

 How effective is permeable pavement in reducing
flooding?
Example
PICO format
How to
Population, Location of flooding
structure a
research Intervention/exposure of
Permeable pavement
interest
question? No permeable pavement; other
Comparison/control solution

Outcome Reduced flooding

 How to increase dam safety and ability of the dam body to
resist earthquake?
Example
PICO format
How to
Population, dam safety
structure a
research Intervention/exposure of
earthquake
interest
question?
Comparison/control no earthquake

Outcome increased stability

 What are the underlying factors have contributed
to the increase in flooding?
Writing
research What is the level of development of flood control
facilities in flooded areas?
questions
What is the effects of the existing flood control
facilities on reducing the flooding?
 What are the characteristics of the flooded area?

- Descriptive -
Research
What are the factors associated with the reduction of
questions flooding in the study area?
→ study design - Analytic -
How effective is the implementation of permeable
pavement to reduce flooding in the study area?

- Effect of intervention-
 Maksud:
• Memecahkan masalah banjir di Kota Semarang.

Tujuan:
• menemukan pola curah hujan harian dan besarnya probabilitas pada das
MAKSUD DAN untuk berbagai periode di kota semarang.
TUJUAN • merumuskan hubungan antara curah hujan dan genangan banjir, sebaran
genangan, luas, kedalaman, lama genangan.
PENELITIAN • mendiskripsikan kondisi sistem drainase yanag ada.
• menemukan faktor –faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya banjir di kota
semarang. menganalisis konstribusi masing-masing faktor.
• mengevaluasi alternatif pemecahan yang layak (feasibel).;
• menetapkan alternatif yang paling menguntungkan untuk jangka pendek,
menengah, dan jangka pajang.
 • Batasan dilakukan agar penelitian dapat dilakukan
sesuai dengan kendala (constraint) waktu;
BATASAN
MASALAH
• Juga dapat dipakai untuk menyederhanakan
permasalahan penelitian.
 • Berisi tentang dampak atau akibat dari seselasinya
penelitian
• Akibat postif bisa terjadi pada masyarakat umum,
masyarakat ilmiah, atau pada diri penulis sendiri.
MANFAAT
PENELITIAN Contoh:
1. Penelitian ini akan memberikan kontribusi dalam pemanfaatan
teknologi nano dalam bidang teknik sispil secara aplikatif.
2. Penelitian ini akan membantu pemerintah pusat maupun daerah
dalam menentukan pola tanam yang paling tepat dengan hasil yang
paling optimal.
3. Penelitian ini kana meningkatkan pemahaman penulis tentang eko-
drainase dalam penerapannya di perkotaan.
MAKING THE QUESTION ORIGINAL
 Research is adding to knowledge, so if someone has already
researched the topic, how do you make it original? Veal
(2006) has some suggestions:
MAKING THE
QUESTION • Geographically. Certain theories may have been tested in
ORIGINAL one area but have not received the same attention
elsewhere. Thus, you may find research focused on
erosion in the USA. Undertaking similar research in
Indonesia would provide you with the basis for an original
study.
 • Socially. You may find that certain social groups
have not received as much attention as others.
MAKING THE Existing work may focus exclusively upon men,
QUESTION and exclude women, or you may find a certain
ORIGINAL theory that has not been applied to the elderly,
or to the physically disabled for example.
 • Temporally. A theory may have been developed a
number of years ago, thus its relevance in
MAKING THE contemporary society could be investigated.
QUESTION Comparing the findings would be an original study
ORIGINAL in itself. You may also come across a study that
took place some years ago. Collecting more up to
date data may also form the basis for an original
project.
 • Contextually. You may find existing theories
from outside the field of sport studies that
MAKING THE have yet to be applied to the sport context.
QUESTION Alternatively, you could revisit existing
ORIGINAL research using new theories and assess
whether such theories have greater
explanatory power.
 • Methodologically. You could collect different
MAKING THE data to explore a phenomenon. An example
QUESTION may be if you find a theory that has been tested
ORIGINAL quantitatively, and apply a qualitative research
design, or if you collect data using in-depth
interviews rather than questionnaire surveys.
 • Is the question of the appropriate complexity?
• Do you have access to required data,
ASSESSING
THE background etc.?
FEASIBILITY • Are there any specialist facilities and resources
OF A
required?
QUESTION
• Do you have the required expertise?
 Include:
1. A clear statement of the overall aims and objectives of the research.
2. A statement outlining the originality and importance of the research.
3. A brief description of existing work in the area.
4. How the research is to be conducted, the research design to be
WRITING A adopted, anticipated methods and indication of the sample group,
sample size and recruitment methods.
RESEARCH
PROPOSAL 5. How the data collected are to be analyzed.
6. The anticipated time scale for the research.
7. The anticipated outcomes of the research.
8. Any specific requirements in terms of access, financial
requirements, etc.
9. Any ethical issues that may be relevant to the study.
 1. The research problem

• The problem is of insufficient importance or unlikely to produce

any new or useful information.

WEAKNESSES • The hypothesis upon which the research is based is unsound, or is

not based on any existing evidence.
IN RESEARCH
PROPOSALS • The problem is more complex than the investigator appears to
realise.
• The research is overly complex, with too many elements.
 2. The approach

• The proposed methods are not suitable to achieve

the research objectives.
• The description of the approach lacks specificity
WEAKNESSES and clarity.
IN RESEARCH
• The research design has not been carefully
PROPOSALS
considered.
• The statistical aspects/details of the means by
which qualitative data are to be analysed have not
received sufficient attention.
 3. Personal characteristics

• The researcher does not have adequate experience or

WEAKNESSES ability to undertake such a project.
IN RESEARCH • The researcher seems unfamiliar with recent or
PROPOSALS important work in the area.
 1. The first stage of the research process is to identify a research topic for
investigation. This can be a difficult task, but it is important to the success of the
subsequent research project.
2. There are a number of sources of ideas for research topics, the main ones being
existing literature, social concerns and popular issues, personal characteristics
and preferences, brainstorming, and debate with your tutor.
SUMMARY 3. Although some degree of originality is desirable, the extent of this originality is
often overestimated. There are a number of ways by which research can be seen
to be original.
4. The topic should lead to a focused question, which forms the ‘vertical thread’ of
the research.
5. Answering the research question must be achievable, in terms of the personal
abilities of the researcher, access to an appropriate sample, and the availability
of any specialist resources or equipment.
 SMART
Developing Effective Objectives
 Specific : Be precise about what you are going to
achieve
Measurable : Quantify the objectives
SMART Appropriate : Align with the needs of the target
audience
Objectives Realistic : Do you have the resources to make the
objective happen?
Time-Specific : State when you will achieve the objective

39
 Specific: Be precise about what you are going to achieve
SMART: •
•
Specify target
Specify intended outcome
Specific • One outcome per objective
• Avoid vague verbs (e.g. know, understand)
Objectives • Make sure the objective is linked to the goal
• Sample: By January 2010, at least 3% of the engineering majors at the
institution will be female

40
 Measurable: Quantify the objectives
SMART: • Use measures as indicators of program success
• If possible, establish a baseline (e.g. In January
Measurable 2009, 2% of the engineering majors at the institution
Objectives were female)
• Sample: By January 2010, at least 3% of the
engineering majors at the institution will be female

41
 Appropriate: Align with the needs of the target
audience
• Meeting the objective will advance the goal
SM ART: • Identify a specific target audience
• Are inclusive of diversity within your group
Appropriate • Sample: By January 2010, at least 3% of the
Objectives engineering majors at the institution will be female
• Note: The “A” is sometimes called “Attainable” or
“Achievable” in the literature.

42
 Realistic : Do you have the resources to make the
objective happen?

RT:
• Are important to stakeholders
SMA • Are adequately resourced
Realistic •
•
Can be achieved
Sample: By January 2010, at least 3% of the engineering
Objectives majors at the institution will be female
Take care on what you say you can do! The January 2009
baseline was 2%. Is a 1% increase in one year realistic?

43
 SMART: Time-Specific: State when you will achieve the objective

Time- • Provide timeframe indicating when objective will be met

Specific • Sample: By January 2010, at least 3% of the engineering majors at the

Objectives institution will be female

44
 PROBLEM
Penggunaan air dalam penggelontoran sedimen yang mengendap
di waduk belum efisien

QUESTION
Bagaimana pengaruh tinggi muka air waduk terhadap efisiensi
penggelontoran sedimen yang mengendap di waduk?

Example RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

Efisiensi penggelontoran sedimen yang mengendap di waduk
dipengaruhi oleh tinggi muka air waduk

OBJECTIVES
menemukan tinggi muka air waduk optimum pada
penggelontoran sedimen yang mengendap di waduk
 PROBLEM
Ada perubahan koefisien gempa berdasarkan peta zonasi gempa
hasil revisi

QUESTION
Bagaimana pengaruh perubahan koefisien gempa terhadap
stabilitas tubuh bendungan?

Example RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

Peningkatan koefisien gempa berpengaruh pada peningkatan
gaya dan momen gelincir

OBJECTIVES
menemukan rumusan pengaruh peningkatan koefisien gempa
pada peningkatan gaya dan momen gelincir
 PROBLEM
Umur beberapa waduk di Indonesia lebih pendek dari umur
rencana

QUESTION
Bagaimana mengembalikan umur teknis waduk sesuai dengan
umur rencana?

Example RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

Efisiensi system sediment by passing dipengaruhi oleh sudut
confluence

OBJECTIVES
menemukan system sediment by passing yang efisien
 PROBLEM
Many land conservation programs on agricultural land
have failed
QUESTION
Do farmers not have the financial capacity to
implement a conservation-based farming system?
Example RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
Farmers are unable to implement a conservation-
based farming system because financial resources
are limited
OBJECTIVES
To describe how financial resources influence
farmers in deciding whether to implement a
conservation-based farming system
 PROBLEM
Banyak terjadi keterlambatan penyelesaian pekerjaan oleh
kontraktor

QUESTION
Bagaimana pengaruh kompetensi dan profesionalitas tenaga
kerja konstruksi terhadap penyelesaian pekerjaan?

Example RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

Kompetensi dan profesionalitas tenaga kerja konstruksi
berpengaruh pada penyelesian pekerjaan

OBJECTIVES
menemukan hubungan antara kompetensi dan profesionalitas
tenaga kerja konstruksi terhadap penyelesaian pekerjaan
dst.....