KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas segala rahmatNYA
sehingga makalah inidapat tersusun hingga selesai . Tidak lupa kami juga
mengucapkan banyak terimakasih atas bantuandari pihak yang telah berkontribusi
dengan memberikan sumbangan baik materi maupun pikirannya.
Dan harapan kami semoga makalah ini dapat menambah pengetahuan dan
pengalaman bagipara pembaca, Untuk ke depannya dapat memperbaiki bentuk
maupun menambah isi makalah agarmenjadi lebih baik lagi.
Karena keterbatasan pengetahuan maupun pengalaman kami, Kami yakin
masih banyakkekurangan dalam makalah ini, Oleh karena itu kami sangat
mengharapkan saran dan kritik yangmembangun dari pembaca demi kesempurnaan
makalah ini.
13 November 2015
Penyusun
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman Judul.......................................................................................... i
Kata Pengantar........................................................................................ ii
Daftar Isi................................................................................................ iii
BAB I : Pendahuluan
A.Latar Belakang............................................................................ 1
B.Rumusan Masalah........................................................................ 1
C.Tujuan Penulisan.......................................................................... 1
BAB II: Pembahasan
A.Pangeran Diponegoro.................................................................. 2
B.Sebab-sebab................................................................................. 2
C.Jalanya Perang............................................................................. 3
D.Akhir Perang Diponegoro............................................................ 5
BAB III: Penutup
A.Kesimpulan.................................................................................. 6
B.Saran............................................................................................ 6
Daftar Pustaka......................................................................................... 7
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
A. Latar Belakang
Perang diponegoro disebut juga perang Jawa. Sebab-sebab yang
menimbulkan perangDiponegoro itu adalah peristiwa-peristiwa yang terjadi di
kalangan keraton Yogyakarta maupun didaerah wilayahnya sebagai akibat ikut
campurnya kekuasaan asing dalam tata pemerintahan kerajaan.Sedang pemimpin
peperangan tersebut adalah putera Sultan Hamengku Buwono III raja
Yogyakartabernama Pangeran Diponegoro. Adapun daerah-daerah yang bergejolak
dapat dikatakan hampermeliputi semua daerah kerajaan. Mataram yaitu kerajaan
besar di Jawa pada abad XVII-XVIII. Karenaitu tidak mengherankan apabila perang
Diponegoro ini juga disebut perang Jawa. Dan salah satu sebabpecahnya perang
Diponegoro sejak tahun 1825 hingga tahun 1830 itupun tidak lain karena
Kompeniatau kekuasaan Belanda pada waktu itu ikut campur dalam pemerintahan
kerajaan Yogyakarta. Hal itudirasa oleh Pangeran Diponegoro sangat bertentangan
dengan adat pemerintahan keraton.
B. Rumusan Masalah
1. Siapakah Pangeran Diponegoro?
2. Apa saja yang menyebabkan meletusnya perang Diponegoro?
3. Bagaimana jalannya perang Diponegoro?
4. Bagaimana akhir perang Diponegoro?
PEMBAHASAN
BAB III
PENUTUP
A. Kesimpulan
Perang diponegoro adalah perang yang berlangsung antara tahun 1825-1830
di dareah jawatengah dan sebagian jawa timur. Dalam perang terjadi antara Belanda
penduduk pribumi yang dipimpinoleh Pangeran Diponegoro. Perang ini disebabkan
pihak Belanda membangun jalan dari Yogyakartake Magelang yang melewati
makam lelehur pangeran Diponegoro. Dalam peperangan yangberlangsung selama
lima tahun ini dimenangkan oleh pihak belanda. Setelah kekalahan
tersebutpangeran Diponegoro di tangkap dan di asingkan ke Manado dan
dipindahkan ke Makassar sampai beliau wafat tanggal 8 januari 1855. Perang ini
juga mengakibatkan banyak korban tewas dari pihakBelanda maupun pribumi.
B. Saran
Semoga dengan dibuatnya makalah ini, kita bisa mengetahui bagaimana susahnya
pejuangIndonesia zaman dahulu merebut NKRI, dari bertaruh harta maupun nyawa.
Janganlah melupakan jasa
pahlawan yang telah gugur dalam membela Indonesia dan semoga kita bisa
mengambil nilai-nilai luhurdari mereka.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Al Ansori,
Junaedi.2007. Sejarah Nasional Indonesia Masa Prasejarah Sampai Proklamasi ke
merdekaan,Jakarta: PT Mapan.Ricklefs,M.C.1999. Sejarah Indonesia
Modern,Yogyakarta : Gajah Mada University Press.Kartodirdjo,A .Sartono.
1973.Sejarah Perlawanan-perlawana Terhadap Kolonialisme,Yogyakarta:Gramedia
Diponegoro War Papers
FOREWORD
Praise be to God Almighty for all His graces so that this paper can be
compiled to completion. We also do not forget to express our gratitude for the
assistance from those who have contributed by contributing both material and
thoughts.
And we hope that this paper can increase knowledge and experience for
readers, In the future, we can improve the form or add content of the paper to make
it even better.
are still many shortcomings in this paper. Therefore, we sincerely hope for
suggestions and constructive criticism from readers for the perfection of this paper.
Compiler
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword................................................ .............................................. ii
Chapter I Introduction
A. Background.............................................. ....................................... 1
Chapter II Discussion
A. Conclusion............................................... ........................................ 6
B. ......................................................... ................................................ 6
Bibliography................................................ ......................................... 7
CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY
A. Background
The Diponegoro war is also known as the Java war. The causes that gave
rise to the Diponegoro war were events that occurred in the Yogyakarta palace and
the kingdom. The leader of the war was the son of Sultan Hamengku Buwono III, the
king of Yogyakarta, named Prince Diponegoro. The turbulent areas can be said to
cover almost all the kingdom's areas. Mataram was a large kingdom in Java in the
XVII-XVIII centuries. Therefore, it is not surprising that the Diponegoro war is also
called the Java war. And one of the reasons for the outbreak of the Diponegoro war
from 1825 to 1830 was none other than the Dutch Company or power at that time
B. Problem Formulation
DISCUSSION
The Diponegoro War was a war that took place between 1825-1830 in
Central Java and parts of East Java. In the war occurred between the Dutch
A. Prince Diponegoro
III of the concubine Raden Ayu Mengkarawati, daughter of the Regent of Pacitan.
secluded residence located a few kilometers from the Yogyakarta palace. There he
entered the pesantren circles and did not want to face the palace which he did not
like because of many conspiracies, moral decline, moral violations, and destructive
experienced a spiritual incident, he dreamed that he was a future king who had the
task that he had to enter an era of destruction that must purify him. After 20 years of
waiting for a good time, while the situation is getting worse. In 1820, small rebellions
B. Causes
Seeing the situation of Java which was full of suffering, with the people burdened
with the obligation to pay taxes. And must meet the needs of the Dutch and the
nobles who became Dutch accomplices. This made Prince Diponegoro could not
stand to see the situation. In addition, the Netherlands at that time interfered in
Jarot, as the sultan of Yogyakarta, even though he was only three years old at that
1825, a road was built near Tegalrejo the Dutch made a road from Yogyakarta to
Diponegoro and the people felt offended and angry because Tegal Rejo is the burial
place of the ancestors of Prince Diponegoro (Junaidi, 2007: 85). In addition, the road
construction will displace a lot of land. This is the starting point for the Diponegoro
war. To solve the land problem, actually the Dutch Resident, A.H.Smisaert invited
Prince Diponegoro to meet him. But the invitation was rejected outright by him. The
Dutch East Indies government then made pegs in the area that was made a road.
This unilateral pegging made Prince Diponegoro furious, then ordered his people to
remove the stakes. Seeing Prince Diponegoro's behavior, the Dutch had a reason to
arrest Diponegoro and take action. The cannon soldiers were also brought to
Diponegoro's residence in Tegalrejo. On July 20, 1825, the Tegalrejo war was
surrounded by Dutch soldiers. Due to the cannon attack, Prince Diponegoro and his
family were forced to flee because he had not prepared for war. They went to save
southward to Selarong Cave. The cave, which is located in Kentolan Lor Hamlet,
some of the nobles of Yogyakarta and Central Java who were disappointed with the
Sultan and the Dutch. Fifteen of the twenty-nine princes joined Diponegoro, as did
forty-one of the eighty regents. One of the nobles who followed Diponegoro was
Sentot Prawirodirjo, a young commander who was tough on the battlefield. The
religious community joined Diponegoro, including Kiai Mojo who became the spiritual
leader of the rebellion. The rural people also fought on Diponegoro's side and
assisted his troops when they could no longer fight. Initially the battle was carried out
openly with the deployment of infantry, cavalry and artillery troops by the Dutch.
Diponegoro's party responded and fierce fighting took place on both sides.
Battlefields took place in dozens of cities and villages throughout Java. Logistics
lines also built from one area to another to support the needs of the war. The Dutch
the Dutch also directed spies to seek information in order to formulate a war
namely by scattering, moving places and attacking while the enemy was off guard.
This strategy was very troublesome for the Dutch army. Not to mention Prince
Diponegoro has the support of the people. Initially, many wars occurred in the
western areas of the Yogyakarta palace, such as Kulonprogo, Bagelen, and Lowano
Major attacks from Diponegoro's supporters were usually carried out in the rainy
months because heavy tropical rains hampered the movement of the Dutch troops.
In addition, malaria and dysentery also weakened the morale and physical strength
had suffered a major defeat in October 1826 when he was pushed back in
Surakarta. However, at the end of 1826 the Dutch government troops seemed
unable to advance anymore, and Diponegoro still controlled various interior areas of
Central Java. –Steps have been tried by the Dutch, among others, in August 1826
the Dutch returned the elderly Sultan Hamengkubuwono II from exile in Ambon and
re-occupied him on the throne of Yogyakarta (1826-1828). But this step failed to
persuade the Javanese people to stop supporting the rebellion. (Ricklefs, 1999:179).
to break this guerrilla resistance. In the face of this resistance, the Dutch
implemented the Stelsel Fort (Fort system) strategy at the orders of General De
Kock. With this tactic, the Dutch Army established forts in each of the areas under its
control and roads were made between the forts. As a result, Diponegoro's troops
experienced difficulties because the relationship between troops and the people
became difficult. The people are instigated and pitted against politics Devide et
empera. The strength of Diponegoro's troops was getting weaker because many
leaders died, were arrested, or surrendered. Defects and the number of prisoners
from the rebels were increasing. In April 1829 Kiai Mojo was arrested. In September
1829, Diponegoro's uncle, Prince Mangubumi and the main commander of Sentot,
both surrendered. Furthermore, Sentot was used by the Dutch to carry out his duties
against the Padri in Sumatra, while Mangkubumi was appointed as one of the most
senior princes from Yogyakarta. Finally, in March 1830 Diponegoro was willing to
negotiate in Magelang. But when he got there he was arrested. The Dutch exiled him
to Manado and then to Makassar, where he died in 1855. The rebellion finally ended,
on the Dutch side this war had killed at least 8000 Dutch soldiers and on the
indigenous side around 200.000 died so that the population of Yogyakarta was
CHAPTER III
CLOSING
A. Conclusion
The Diponegoro War was a war that took place between 1825-1830 in
Central Java and parts of East Java. In the war occurred between the Dutch
indigenous population led by Prince Diponegoro. This war was caused by the Dutch
building a road from Yogyakarta to Magelang that passed through the grave of
Prince Diponegoro. In the war that lasted for five years was won by the Dutch. After
the defeat, Prince Diponegoro was arrested and exiled to Manado and transferred to
Makassar until he died on January 8, 1855. This war also resulted in many deaths
B. Suggestion
Hopefully, by writing this paper, we can find out how difficult it was for
heroes who have died in defense of Indonesia and hopefully we can take the noble
Al Ansori, Junaedi. 2007. Indonesian National History Prehistoric Period Until the