Persaingan Sempurna
TR = (P X Q)
Pendapatan Perusahaan Kompetitif
MR =ΔTR/ ΔQ
Persaingan Sempurna
Marginal Revenue = price
Average Revenue = price
Total Revenue = price X quantity
Illustrasi....
Product
price Quantity
(average demanded Total Marginal
revenue) (sold) revenue revenue
$131 0 $ 0
]
.
Product
price Quantity
(average demanded Total Marginal
revenue) (sold) revenue revenue
$131 0 $ 0
] $131
131 1 131
Product
price Quantity
(average demanded Total Marginal
revenue) (sold) revenue revenue
$131 0 $ 0
] $131
131 1 131
] 131
131 2 262
Product
price Quantity
(average demanded Total Marginal
revenue) (sold) revenue revenue
$131 0 $ 0
] $131
131 1 131
] 131
131 2 262
] 131
131 3 393
Product
price Quantity
(average demanded Total Marginal
revenue) (sold) revenue revenue
$131 0 $ 0
] $131
131 1 131
] 131
131 2 262
] 131
131 3 393
] 131
131 4 524
18
Product
price Quantity
(average demanded Total Marginal
revenue) (sold) revenue revenue
$131 0 $ 0
] $131
131 1 131
] 131
131 2 262
] 131
131 3 393
] 131
131 4 524
] 131
131 5 655
] 131
131 6 786
] 131
131 7 917
] 131
131 8 1048
] 131
131 9 1179
] 131
131 10 1310
Pendapatan Total, Rata-rata, &
Marjinal bagi Perusahan Kompetitif
Price Quantity Total Revenue Total Cost Profit Marginal Revenue Marginal Cost
(P) (Q) (TR=PxQ) (TC) (TR-TC) (MR=ΔT R / ΔQ ) MC= Δ T C / Δ Q
0 $0.00 $3.00 -$3.00
$6.00 1 $6.00 $5.00 $1.00 $6.00 $2.00
$6.00 2 $12.00 $8.00 $4.00 $6.00 $3.00
$6.00 3 $18.00 $12.00 $6.00 $6.00 $4.00
$6.00 4 $24.00 $17.00 $7.00 $6.00 $5.00
$6.00 5 $30.00 $23.00 $7.00 $6.00 $6.00
$6.00 6 $36.00 $30.00 $6.00 $6.00 $7.00
$6.00 7 $42.00 $38.00 $4.00 $6.00 $8.00
$6.00 8 $48.00 $47.00 $1.00 $6.00 $9.00
Maksimalisasi Laba Perusahaan
Kompetitif...
Perusahaan memaksimalkan
Biaya laba melalui produksi
dan dengan kuantitas yang mana
Pendapatan biaya marjinal = pendapatan
marjinal MC
MC2
ATC
P=MR1 P = AR = MR
AVC
MC1
0 Q1 QMAX Q2 Kuantitas
Maksimalisasi Laba
Perusahaan Kompetitif
Pertanyaan Penting
Apakah akan Berproduksi?
Berapa besar yg akan diproduksi?
Apakah untung atau rugi?
27
Pendekatan Total Revenue-Total Cost
Total Total
Total fixed variable Total
product cost cost cost
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 28
Pendekatan Total Revenue-Total Cost
Total Total
Total fixed variable Total
product cost cost cost
0 $ 100
1 100
2 100
3 100
4 100
5 100
6 100
7 100
8 100
9 100
10 100
29
Pendekatan Total Revenue-Total Cost
Total Total
Total fixed variable Total
product cost cost cost
0 $ 100 $ 0
1 100 90
2 100 170
3 100 240
4 100 300
5 100 370
6 100 450
7 100 540
8 100 650
9 100 780
10 100 930 30
Pendekatan Total Revenue-Total Cost
Total Total
Total fixed variable Total
product cost cost cost
0 $ 100 $ 0 $ 100
1 100 90 190
2 100 170 270
3 100 240 340
4 100 300 400
5 100 370 470
6 100 450 550
7 100 540 640
8 100 650 750
9 100 780 880
10 100 930 1030 31
Pendekatan Total Revenue-Total Cost
Total Total Price: $131
Total fixed variable Total Total
product cost cost cost revenue Profit
0 $ 100 $ 0 $ 100 $ 0
1 100 90 190 131
2 100 170 270 262
3 100 240 340 393
4 100 300 400 524
5 100 370 470 655
6 100 450 550 786
7 100 540 640 917
8 100 650 750 1048
9 100 780 880 1179
10 100 930 1030 1310 32
Pendekatan Total Revenue-Total Cost
Total Total Price: $131
Total fixed variable Total Total
product cost cost cost revenue Profit
0 $ 100 $ 0 $ 100 $ 0 - $100
1 100 90 190 131 - 59
2 100 170 270 262 -8
3 100 240 340 393 + 53
4 100 300 400 524 + 124
5 100 370 470 655 + 185
6 100 450 550 786 + 236
7 100 540 640 917 + 277
8 100 650 750 1048 + 298
9 100 780 880 1179 + 299
10 100 930 1030 1310 + 280 33
Pendekatan Total Revenue-Total Cost
Total Total Price: $131
Total fixed variable Total Total
product cost cost cost revenue Profit
0 $ 100 $ 0 $ 100 $ 0 - $100
1 100 90 190 131 - 59
2 100 170 270 262 -8
3 100rapa240
Be profit 340 393 + 53
4 100 300 400 524 + 124
ma ksi mu mn ya?
5 100 370 470 655 + 185
6 100 450 550 786 + 236
7 100 540 640 917 + 277
8 100 650 750 1048 + 298
9 100 780 880 1179 + 299
10 100 930 1030 1310 + 280 34
Pendekatan Total Revenue-Total Cost
Total Total Price: $131
Total fixed variable Total Total
product cost cost cost revenue Profit
0 $ 100 $ 0 $ 100 $ 0 - $100
1 100 90 190 131 - 59
2 100 170 270 262 -8
3 100 240 340 393 + 53
4 100 300 400 524 + 124
5 100 370 470 655 + 185
6 100 450 550 786 + 236
7 100 540 640 917 + 277
8 100 650 750 1048 + 298
9 100 780 880 1179 + 299
10 100 930 1030 1310 + 280 35
Pendekatan Total Revenue-Total Cost
Total Total Price: $131
Total fixed variable Total Total
product cost cost cost revenue Profit
0 $ 100 $ 0 $ 100 $ 0 - $100
1 100 90 190 131 - 59
2
3
100
100
Grafik....
170
240
270
340
262
393
-8
+ 53
4 100 300 400 524 + 124
5 100 370 470 655 + 185
6 100 450 550 786 + 236
7 100 540 640 917 + 277
8 100 650 750 1048 + 298
9 100 780 880 1179 + 299
10 100 930 1030 1310 + 280 36
Profit Maximization, Pure Competition
800
600
400
200 Break-even point (normal profit)
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Quantity
37
Pendekatan Total Revenue -Total Cost
• Profit = TR - TC
• Grafik: profit maksimum selisih TR &
TC yg terbesar
• Break Even Point ! TR = TC
Pendekatan Marginal Revenue-Marginal Cost
Total Total Price =
Total fixed variable Total Marginal Marginal
product cost cost cost cost revenue
0 $ 100 $ 0 $ 100
100
] 90 $ 131
1 90 190
] 80 131
100
2Bagaimana170 jika 270 ] 70 131
3 100 240 340
4
perusahaan
100 300
] 60 131
400
berprod.
100 1 unit? ] 70 131
5 370 470
] 80 131
6 100 450 550
100
] 90 131
7 540 640
] 110 131
8 100 650 750
] 130 131
9 100 780 880
] 150 131
10 100 930 1030
Pendekatan Marginal Revenue-Marginal Cost
Total Total Price =
Total fixed variable Total Marginal Marginal
product cost cost cost cost revenue
0 $ 100 $ 0 $ 100
100
] 90 $ 131
1 90 190
] 80 131
Bagaimana
2 100 170 270
] 70 131
3 100 240 340
unit
4
yg100 300 400
] 60 131
kedua? 100
] 70 131
5 370 470
] 80 131
6 100 450 550
100
] 90 131
7 540 640
] 110 131
8 100 650 750
] 130 131
9 100 780 880
] 150 131
10 100 930 1030
.
Pendekatan Marginal Revenue-Marginal Cost
Total Total Price =
Total fixed variable Total Marginal Marginal
product cost cost cost cost revenue
0 $ 100 $ 0 $ 100
100
] 90 $ 131
1 90 190
] 80 131
2 100 170 270
3Bagaimana
] 70 131
100 240 340
] 60 131
100
unit
4
5
yg
100
ke 9?
300
370
400
470
] 70 131
] 80 131
6 100 450 550
100
] 90 131
7 540 640
] 110 131
8 100 650 750
] 130 131
9 100 780 880
] 150 131
10 100 930 1030
Pendekatan Marginal Revenue-Marginal Cost
Total Total Price =
Total fixed variable Total Marginal Marginal
product cost cost cost cost revenue
0 $ 100 $ 0 $ 100
100
] 90 $ 131
1 90 190
] 80 131
2Bagaimana
100 170 270
] 70 131
3 100 240 340
4 unit yg ke ] 60 131
100 300 400
] 70 131
5 10?
100 370 470
] 80 131
6 100 450 550
100
] 90 131
7 540 640
] 110 131
8 100 650 750
] 130 131
9 100 780 880
] 150 131
10 100 930 1030
Pendekatan Marginal Revenue-Marginal Cost
Total Total Price =
Total fixed variable Total Marginal Marginal
product cost cost cost cost revenue
0 $ 100 $ 0 $ 100
100
] 90 $ 131
1 90 190
] 80 131
2 100 170 270
93 unit100adalah
240 340
] 70
60
131
131
100
4profit
]
5 100
max
300
370
400
470
] 70 131
] 80 131
6 100 450 550
100
] 90 131
7 540 640
] 110 131
8 100 650 750
] 130 131
9 100 780 880
] 150 131
10 100 930 1030
Pendekatan Marginal Revenue-Marginal Cost
Total Total Price =
fixed variable Marginal
TC=880
Total Total Marginal
cost revenue
product cost cost cost
TR =9 X 131
0 $ 100 $ 0 $ 100
1 =1179
100
] 90 $ 131
90 190
] 80 131
100
Profit
2
3 100
170
240
270
] 70 131
340
] 60 131
=1179-880
4 100 300 400
] 70 131
5 100 370 470
=299
6 100 450 550
] 80 131
100
] 90 131
7 540 640
] 110 131
8 100 650 750
] 130 131
9 100 780 880
] 150 131
10 100 930 1030
200
160
Biaya & Pendapatan
120 MC
131
80 ATC
40 AVC
MR = MC
0
AFC
Solusi
0 2 4
Output
6 8 10
9
Optimum
200
160
Biaya & Pendapatan
MC
120
131
ATC
97.78
80
AVC
40
AFC
0 lihat
9
0
ATC2 4 6 8 10
Output
200
160
Biaya & Pendapatan
MC
120
131
Profit = 9 X (131 - 97.78) = 299 ATC
97.78
80
AVC
40
AFC
0
0 2 4 6 8 9 10
Output
Keputusan Jangka Pendek
Perusahaan Untuk Tutup
ATC
Jika P > AVC,
Tetap berproduksi AVC
Dlm jk pendek.
0 Kuantitas
Keputusan Jangka Pendek
Perusahaan Untuk Tutup
Biaya
MC
Masuk
Jika P > ATC
ATC
AVC
Keluar jika
P < ATC
0 Kuantitas
Kurva Penawaran Jangka Panjang
Perusahaan Kompetitif
Biaya
Kurva Penawaran Jk MC
Panjang Perusahaan
ATC
AVC
0 Kuantitas
Kurva Penawaran Jangka Pendek &
Jangka Panjang Perusahaan
◆ Kurva Penawaran Jangka Pendek
◆ Bagiandari kurva biaya marjinalnya yang
terletak di atas kurva biaya variabel rata-
rata.
◆ Kurva Penawaran Jangka Panjang
◆ Bagiandari kurva biaya marjinal yang
terletak di atas kurva total biaya rata-rata.
Menghitung Laba Perusahaan
Kompetitif Secara Grafis...
Harga a. Perusahaan dengan laba
MC ATC
Profit
P P = AR = MR
ATC
0 Q Kuantitas
Kuantitas yg dapat
memaksimalkan laba
Menghitung Laba Perusahaan
Kompetitif Secara Grafis...
Harga b. Perusahaan dengan Rugi
MC ATC
ATC
P P = AR = MR
Loss
0 Q Kuantitas
Rugi-Kuantitas yg dpt
meminimumkan laba
Persaingan Sempurna dan Efisiensi
Efisiensi Produktif
Persaingan Sempurna dan Efisiensi
Efisiensi Produktif
Produksi pd minimum ATC
Persaingan Sempurna dan Efisiensi
Efisiensi Produktif
Produksi pd minimum ATC
Efisiensi Allokatif
Persaingan Sempurna dan Efisiensi
Efisiensi Produktif
Produksi pd minimum ATC
Efisiensi Allokatif
harga = MC
Persaingan Sempurna dan
Efisiensi
Harga = MC
→ Nilai terakhir dari unit yg dibeli
adalah sama dengan opportunity cost
dari masyarakat untuk memproduksi
barang tersebut.
Price > MC → Underallocation
Price < MC → Overallocation
Price = MC → Yg diinginkan (“just right”)
Persaingan Sempurna dan Efisiensi
Efisiensi Produktif
Produksi pd minimum ATC
Efisiensi Allokatif
harga = MC
Efisiensi Dinamis
resources secara cepat merespon
perubahan selera,
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