CHEVRON

WELL CONTROL WORKBOOK

HOMEWORK: BARRIER

1. When removing the tree on a well that has a recently tested sub-surface safety valve, it is not
necessary to install a back-pressure valve in the tubing hanger.
Ketika membuka tree pada sumur yang mempuyai sub-surface safety valve yang baru saja di
test, tidak diperlukan pemasangan Back Pressure Valve di tubing hanger.

a) True. Benar
b) False. Salah
 CHEVRON
WELL CONTROL WORKBOOK

HOMEWORK: SURF & SS EQUIPMENT

1. Label the Valves and indicate which one should not be used in routine
2 well servicing operations except in emergency.
Beri tanda pada valve dan tunjukkan valve yang harus tidak
dipergunakan pada operasi well service kecualti pada kondisi darurat
(emergency).

1.

2.

3.

4.

2. Define the following:

Beri penjelasan dari hal berikut:

a. Production Tubing: Tbg yang digunakan untuk mengalirnya fluida yang diproduksi

b.Work String: String yang digunakan untuk pekerjaan Work over

c. Packer: Suatu alat yang digunakan untuk isolasi Zone sesuai yang dikehendaki
 CHEVRON
WELL CONTROL WORKBOOK

d.Bridge Plug: Salah satu jenis permanent Packer untuk mengisolasi Zone bagian
bawah

e. Blast Joint:

f. Safety Joint:

g.Sliding Sleeve

h.SCSSV:

3. Factors to consider when selecting the xmas tree include:

Faktor-faktor yang dipertimbangkan dalam memilih Xmas tree adalah:
a. Size and Pressure Rating. Ukuran dan pressure rating
b. Surface environment and Temperature. Kondisi lingkungan permukaan &
temperatur
c. Type of fluid produced. Jenis fluida yang diproduksi.
d. All of the above. Semua hal di atas.

4. Emergency shut down systems can be activated by;

Emergency shut down system dapat diaktifkan melalui;
a. Differential pressure change. Perubahan differential pressure.
b. Loss of control pressure. Kehilangan control dari pressure
c. Manual and remote controls. Manual atau remote control.
d. All of the above. Semua hal di atas.

5. A back pressure valve can be used while testing BOPs with a tubing hanger in place.
Back Pressure Valve dapat dipakai ketika melakukan test BOP menggunakan tubing hanger.
a. True. Benar
b. False. Salah

6. A two-way check valve can be used while nippling down BOPs and nippling up tree.
Two way check valve dapat dipakai ketika nipple down BOP dan nipple up tree.
a. True. Benar
b. False. Salah
CHEVRON
WELL CONTROL WORKBOOK

HOMEWORK: Surface BOP Equipment

1. Identify the BOP components that are controlled by manifold pressure:

(Pick 3 answers)
Tunjukkan komponen BOP yang dikontrol dari manifold pressure. (Pilih 3 jawaban)
a) Pipe rams
b) Blind rams
c) Annular
d) HCR valves

2. According to API RP 53, what is the recommended reservoir capacity for a BOP closing
unit?
Merujuk pada API RP 53, apa yang direkomendasikan pada kapasitas reservoir untuk BOP
closing unit?
a) 2 times USEABLE accumulator volume. 2 kali volume USEABLE accumulator.
b) 2 times total accumulator volume. 2 kali volume akumulator total
c) 5 times total accumulator volume. 5 kali volume akumulator total.

3. Which two pressure readings should decrease if you operated the pipe rams?
Pada dua pembacaan pressure manakah yang akan turun ketika kita mengoperasikan pipe
ram?
a) Manifold pressure
b) Annular pressure
c) Accumulator pressure
d) Precharge pressure
 CHEVRON
WELL CONTROL WORKBOOK

4. Using the information below, calculate the accumulator volume and number of 10 gal bottles
required for a Chevron operation. Accumulator pressure is 3000 psi. Pre-charge is 1000 psi.
Menggunakan informasi di bawah ini, hitung volume akumulator dan jumlah botol berukuran
10 galon yang dibutuhkan untuk operasi Chevron. Pressure akumulator adalah 300 psi. Pre-
charge sebesar 1000 psi.

Item Open Closing

Volumes Volumes

Annular BOP 48 54
Ram Type BOP 23.1 24.7

Total vol closing =54+24.7=78.7 galons

Vol require =1.5x78.7=118 galons
Jadi vol acc =118x(1000/1200 – 1000/3000)=59 galons
Jumlah botol = 59: 10 = 5.9= 6 btl

5. On a 3000 psi accumulator system, what are the normal operating pressures or pressure
ranges seen on the gauges?
Pada system akumulator 3000 psi, berapakah pressure operasi normal atau kisaran
pressure yang terlihat pada pressure gauge berikut?

Rig Air Gauge 1200 psi

Manifold Gauge 3000 psi

Accumulator Gauge 3000 psi

Annular Gauge 1500 psi

CHEVRON
WELL CONTROL WORKBOOK

6. The following statements relate to the Driller’s remote control BOP control panel located on
the rig floor. Decide if the statements are true or false.
Pernyataan berikut ini terkait dengan driller’s remote control BOP control panel yang
terletak di rig floor. Jawab apakah pernyataan tersebut benar atau salah.
a) The master control valve must be depressed for five seconds then released before
operating a BOP function.
Master control valve harus di tekan terus selama lima detik kemudian dilepas
sebelum mengoperasikan fungsi BOP.
TRUE BENAR FALSE SALAH

b) The master control valve must be held depressed while BOP functions are operated.
Master control valve harus terus ditekan ketika mengoperasikan fungsi BOP.
TRUE BENAR FALSE SALAH

c) The master control valve on an air operated panel allows air pressure to go to each
function in preparation for you operating the function.
Master control valve pada air operated panel menghendaki pressure udara menuju
ke masing-masing fungsi sebelum kita dapat mengoperasikan fungsi tersebut.
TRUE BENAR FALSE SALAH

d) If you operate a function without operating the master control valve, that function
will not work.
JIka anda mengoperasikan suatu fungsi BOP tanpa mengoperasikan master control
valve, fungsi tersebut tidak akan bekerja.
TRUE BENAR FALSE SALAH

7. After blow through occurs with a mud-gas separator, why may it be hard to stop the
separator from blowing through even if you slow the pumps down?
Setelah terjadi blow through di mud gas separator, mengapa menjadi sulit bagi kita untuk
menghentikan separator tersebut dari blow through meskipun kita menurunkan laju popa
a) The liquid leg column must be re-established before gas will stop blowing through.
Kolom liquid leg harus di buat kembali sebelum gas akan menghentikan blow through.
b) The liquid leg should be surfaced primed by bleeding excess gas off.
Kolom liquid leg harus di priming dari permukaan dengan melakukan bleed gas keluar.
c) The baffle plates must be removed from the separator.
Baffle Plate harus di lepas dari separator.
d) The vent line must be decreased in diameter. Therefore, it is necessary to place a
butterfly valve on the vent line before starting operations.
Mengurangi diameter dari vent line. Sehingga, diperlukan pemasangan butterfly valve
pada vent line sebelum memulai operasi.
 CHEVRON
WELL CONTROL WORKBOOK

HOMEWORK: INTRO TO WORKOVER AND COMPLETION

1. By properly adjusting the closing pressure, an annular can close on dual tubing strings.

a) True
b) False

Dengan mengatur closing pressure, annular BOP dapat menutup penuh pada dual tubing
string.
a) Benar
b) Salah
CHEVRON
WELL CONTROL WORKBOOK

HOMEWORK: BASIC CONCEPTS

1. Calculate hydrostatic pressure:

Hitung hidrostatik pressure:

Depth Fluid Weight Hydrostatic Pressure

Kedalaman Berat fluida Hydrostatic Pressure

7520' 11.6 ppg 0.052X11.6X7520 = 4536__psi

9526' 8.9 ppg ________psi
11200' 9.6 ppg ________psi

2. Calculate pressure gradient:

Hitung pressure gradient:

Fluid Weight Pressure Gradient

Berat Fluida Pressure Gradient

10.6 ppg X 0.052 = 0.5512______psi/ft

8.9 ppg ___________psi/ft
14.7 ppg ___________psi/ft
2.0 ppg ___________psi/ft

3. Calculate equivalent fluid weight:

Hitung Berat Fluida Ekuivalen:

Pressure Perf Depth Equivalent Fluid Weight

Pressure Kedalaman perfo Berat Fluida Ekuivalen

1925 psi 3526' ___________ppg KW=1925:(3526X0.052)=10.5PPG

6362 psi 7942' ___________ppg
7540 psi 11416' ___________ppg

4. Calculate circulating bottom hole pressure:

Hitung Bottom Hole Pressure Sirkulasi

Depth Fluid Weight HP Ann. Friction Loss Circ. Bottom Hole Press
Kedalaman Berat Fluida HP Friction loss di Annular BHP Sirkulasi

9625' 9.7 ppg ______psi 170 psi __________psi

12210' 9.3 ppg ______psi 260 psi __________psi
BHP=(9625X0.052X9.7)+170=5025 PSI
 CHEVRON
WELL CONTROL WORKBOOK

5. Calculate equivalent circulating density:

Hitung Berat Sirkulasi Ekuivalen (ECD):

Depth Fluid Weight Annular Friction Loss ECD

Kedalaman Berat Fluida Friction Loss di Annular ECD

8745' 8.6 ppg 90 psi _____ppg

11230' 10.7 ppg 235 psi _____ppg
9543' 9.2 ppg 180 psi _____ppg

ECD=((90/(0.052X8745))+8.6=8.8 PPG

6. Calculate surface pressure needed to balance formation pressure:

Hitung surface pressure yang diperlukan untuk mengimbangi formation pressure.

Form Press Perf Depth Fluid Weight Surface Press.

Form Press Kedalaman perf Berat Fluida Surface Press.

5885 psi 7805' 10.6 ppg __________psi

7846 psi 9627' 9.1 ppg __________psi
6159 psi 8312' 8.9 ppg __________psi
SP=5885-(7805X0.052X10.6)=1583 PSI

7. Calculate the fluid weight necessary to balance a formation gradient of .612 psi/ft.
Hitung Berat Fluida yang diperlukan untuk mengimbangi Gradien Formasi sebesar 0.612
psi/ft

Answer___________
Jawaban: KW=0.621/0.052=11.94=12PPG

8. If the fluid weight is 9.2 ppg, what is the fluid gradient?

Jika Berat Fluida sebesar 9.2 ppg, berapakah besar Fluid Gradient?

Answer: ___________
Jawaban:Gradient =9.2x0.052=0.4748 psi/ft

9. Hydrostatic pressure is the primary well control during workover & completion operations .
Hydrostatic Pressure adalah primary well control dalam operasi workover & completion.

a) True/ Benar
b) False/ Salah
CHEVRON
WELL CONTROL WORKBOOK

10. For a well shut in, BHP will be equivalent to the HP plus SP.
Dalam kondisi sumur ditutup, BHP akan sebanding dengan HP ditambah SP.

a) True/ Benar
b) False / Salah

11. Calculate the pump displacement in bbl/stroke.

Hitung displacement pompa dalam bbl/stroke

Triplex pump = 1 Out Triplex pump=0.000243x(6.5)2 x12x0.97=0.1195bbl/stroke

Stroke Length = 12”
Liner = 6 ½”
Efficiency = 97%

12. Calculate the surface pressure when well is shut in

Hitung Surface Pressure dalam kondisi sumur ditutup.

Depth = 10,800’ MD/10,100’ TVD

Formation Gradient = 0.5297 psi/ft

a) Well full of gas (gas gradient = 0.1 psi/ft)

Sumur penuh dengan gas(gradient gas =0.1 psi/ft)
SP=(0.5297X10100)-(0.1X10100)=4340 PSI

b) Well full of 10.3 ppg brine

Sumur penuh dengangaram (brine) 10.3 ppg
SP=(0.5297X10100)-(0.052X10.3X10100)=5350-5410= -60 PSI (SUCKING)

13 A 20 bbl gas bubble migrates up the hole 2,500' in a 8,000’ well while the well is shut in.
Assuming 8 ½” hole and 10 ppg mud, what would be the corresponding increase in casing
pressure?
Kolom gas sebesar 20 bbl bermigrasi ke atas lubang 2,500’ di dalam sumur sedalam 8,000’
ketika sumur dalam kondisi tertutup. Dengan menganggap lubang berdiameter 8 ½” dan
berat fluida 10 ppg, berapakah kenaikan Casing Pressure yang terjadi?

14. As a 10 bbl gas bubble at 4500 psi is circulated out of a well, it is allowed to expand (fluid is
bled off the top of the well). When the bubble has expanded to 40 bbls, what would the
pressure in the bubble be, neglecting temperature?
10 bbl kolom gas bertekanan 4,500 psi disirkulasikan keluar sumur, diperbolehkan
ekspansi/ mengembang dengan membuang fluida di permukaan sumur. Ketika gas
berkembang menjadi 40 bbls, berapakah pressure pada gas dengan mengabaikan
faktor temperatur?
 CHEVRON
WELL CONTROL WORKBOOK

15. a) What is the capacity factor (bbls/ft) of 1.25” Coiled Tubing with an ID of 1.09”?
Berapakah capacity factor (bbls/ft) dari 1.25” Coil Tubing dengan ID 1.09”?

b) What is the capacity factor of 2 7/8” Tubing with an ID of 2.441”?

Berapakah capacity factor dari 2 7/8” tubing dengan ID 2.441?

c) What is the capacity factor of 3 1/2” Tubing with an ID of 2.764”?

Berapakah capacity factor dari 3 ½” tubing dengan ID 2.764”?

d) What is the annulus capacity factor of 9 5/8” Casing with an ID of 8.681” with
3 1/2” OD Tubing in the casing?
Berapakah capacity factor dari 9 5/8” casing dengan ID 8.681” daN 3 ½” OD
tubing di dalam casing?

e) What is the annulus capacity factor of 7” Casing with an ID of 5.751” with 2 7/8”
OD Tubing in the casing?
Berapakah annulus capacity factor dari 7” casing dengan ID 5.751” dengan 2 7/8”
OD tubing di dalam casing?

f) What is the annulus capacity factor of 3 1/2” Tubing with an ID of 2.764” with
1 1/4” OD Coiled Tubing in the tubing?
Berapakah annulus capacity factor dari 3 1/2 “tubing dengan ID 2.764” dengan 1
¼” OD Coiled Tubing di dalamnya?

16. If the fluid weight in the hole is 10-ppg (0.52 psi/ft fluid pressure gradient), what would be the
amount of pressure change at the bottom of the hole when the unexpanded bubble rises 500-ft?
Jika Berat Fluida di dalam lubang sebesar 10 ppg (gradient pressure 0.52 psi/ft), berapakah
perubahan pressure di Bottom Hole ketika gas naik sejauh 500 ft?

0.52x500 = 110 psi

17. After unsetting the packer, a well is shut in. There is 500 psi on the tubing/casing annulus and
there were 10 bbls of gas trapped in the annular space beneath the packer. The packer is at
10,050’ and the annulus is full of 10.2 brine. The gas bubble then rises to 6, 000 feet with the
well shut-in. If the perforations are plugged, what will the surface pressure be at that time?
Setelah unset packer, sumur di tutup. Terbaca 500 psi di tubing/ casing annulus dan terdapat 10
bbls gas terperangkap di annular di bawah packer. Kedalaman packer adalah 10,050’ dan
annulus penuh dengan brine 10.2 ppg. Kemudian gas naik menuju kedalaman 6,000’ dengan
kondisi well ditutup. Jika perforasi dalam kondisi tertutup, berapakah surface pressure yang
terjadi pada saat itu?
Build press akibat migrasi gas=(10050-6000)x0.052x10.2=2148 psi
Jadi Surface press=2148+500=2648 psi
CHEVRON
WELL CONTROL WORKBOOK

18. After producing for two days the production tubing sanded off at 3,900 ft. Knowing that the
producing zone is located at 11,780 ft TVD and has a pore pressure at 10.6 ppg, what is the
maximum differential pressure that could be across the sand plug if it is washed out using 10.6
ppg brine? (Assume a 0.1 psi/ft gas gradient below the plug)
Setelah berproduksi selama 2 hari, di dalam tubing string sanded off (tertumpuk pasir) pada
kedalaman 3,900 ft. Zona produksi berada di kedalaman 11,780 ft TVD dan mempunyaipore
pressure seberat 10.6 ppg. Berapakah maksimum differential pressure yang dapat terjadi di
kedua sisi timbunan pasir jika dilakukan wash out menggunakan garam/brine 10.6 ppg?
Asumsikan terdapat kolom gas dibawah dengan gradient 0.1 psi/ft.
a) 2,150 psi
b) 5,705 psi Diff press=(11780-3900)x01=788 psi
c) 3,555 psi
d) 788 psi

19. You plan on perforating a Zone at 8100’ TVD/MD using TCP guns. The expected reservoir
pressure at 8100’ TVD is 4500 psi. There is 10 ppg filtered brine in hole. How many full stands
of tubing (93’/std) would be run dry to enable you perforate the well with 500 psi
underbalance?
Anda berencana melakukan perforasi pada zona berkedalaman 8,100’ TVD/ MD menggunakan
TCP guns. Reservoir Pressure yang diharapkan pada 8,100’ TVD adalah 4,500 psi. Terdapat
brine sebesar 10 ppg di dalam lubang. Berapa stand tubing (93’/std) yang dikosongkan (run
dry) yang memungkinkan anda melakukan perforasi dengan underbalance 500 psi?
a) 1 std
b) 2 stds
c) 3 stds
d) 4 stds
 CHEVRON
WELL CONTROL WORKBOOK

HOMEWORK: KICKS

1. Select 3 positive kick indicators.

Pilih tiga positive kick indicator
a. Pump rate increase. Laju pompa bertambah.
b. Pit gain. Bertambahnya volume fluida di pit
c. Flow check positive (flow with pump off). Terdapat laju fluida ketika pompa mati.
d. Trip tank is full. Trip tank dalam kondisi penuh.
e. increase in flow out. Bertambahnya laju aliran yang keluar.

2. What are the three S’s in order for shutting a well in while tripping?
Apakah tiga S yang mesti dilakukan untuk menutup sumur ketika sedang tripping?
a) _______________________________
b) _______________________________
c) _______________________________

3. Which 2 of the following do not increase as gas migrates in a shut in well?

Dua faktor manakah yang tidak bertambah pada saat terjadi migrasi gas pada sumur yang
ditutup?
a) Bottom hole pressure.
b) Casing shoe pressure.
c) Gas bubble pressure.
d) Shut in casing pressure.
e) Shut in workstring pressure.
f) Pit Volume.

4. Why is it important to minimize influx?

Mengapa sangat penting meminimalisasi jumlah influx?
a) To be able to circulate the influx out of the well at minimum pump speed. Agar bias
melakukan sirkulasi influx keluar sumur dengan kecepatan pompa minimum.
b) To reduce pressures in the well (surface pressure, shoe pressure). Untuk mengurangi
pressure yang terjadi dalam sumur (surface pressure, shoe pressure)
c) To maintain BHP relatively constant during the killing operation. Untuk menjaga agar
BHP relative konstan pada saat operasi killing

5. When a kick occurs, why is it important to get the well shut in as soon as possible?
Ketika terjadi kick, mengapa sangat penting untuk menutup sumur secepat mungkin?
I) A larger pit gain will result in a higher SITP resulting in a heavier kill weight fluid.
Pit Gain yang besar akan menghasikan SITP yang besar sehingga memerlukan kill weight
fluid yang lebih berat.
a) True. Benar
b) False. Salah
 CHEVRON
WELL CONTROL WORKBOOK

II) A larger pit gain will result in higher SICP.

Pit Gain yang besar akan menghasilkan SICP yang lebih besar.
a) True. Benar.
b) False. Salah.

6. In a "Swabbed-In Type Kick" (with the workstring properly stripped back to bottom), and by
utilizing the Driller's Method of well control. It is possible to successfully kill a well in "one
circulation", if constant bottom hole pressure is maintained equal to or greater than formation
pressure.
Pada kondisi “Kick karena Swab” (dengan workstring sudah dilakukan stripping ke dasar
sumur dengan benar), dan digunakan Driller’s Methods, sangat mungkin untuk melakukan kill
sumur dengan “satu sirkulasi”, jika bottom hole pressure dijaga konstan sama atau lebih besar
dari formation pressure.
a) True. Benar.
b) False. Salah.

7. If a well is shut-in on a gas kick and the gas migrated up hole 500-ft unexpanded, answer the
following:
Kondisi suatu sumur tertutup dan terdapat gas kick yang bermigrasi keatas sejauh 500 ft
tanpa ekspansi. Jawab pertanyaan berikut ini:
a) What happens to the Shut-in casing pressure?
Apa yang terjadi pada Shut In Casing Pressure?
a) Increases. Bertambah.
b) Decreases . Berkurang.
c) Stays the same. Tetap sama.

b) What happens to the bottom hole pressure?

Apa yang terjadi pada Bottom Hole Pressure?
a) Increases. Bertambah.
b) Decreases . Berkurang.
c) Stays the same. Tetap sama.

III. What happens to the Shut-in tubing pressure?

Apa yang terjadi pada Shut In Tubing Pressure?
a) Increases. Bertambah.
b) Decreases . Berkurang.
c) Stays the same. Tetap sama.

8. What well control problem should you be aware of when pulling a retrievable packer? (one
that has been in the well for a long time)
Problem well control apa yang harus anda waspadai ketika mencabut retrievable packer?
(satu hal yang sudah ada di sumur dalam periode yang lama)
a) lost circulation
b) swabbing
c) surging
d) casing rupture. Casing pecah
 CHEVRON
WELL CONTROL WORKBOOK

HOMEWORK: W/O & COMP FLUID

1. If you have a calcium chloride brine and the following conditions, what fluid density should be
mixed?
Jika anda mempunyai garam calcium chloride dengan kondisi di bawah ini, berapakah berat
fluida yang harus dibuat?
Average well bore temperature = 160o F
Temperatur sumur rata-rata= 160o F
Fluid density to balance zone pressure = 10.5 ppg (Calculated from reservoir pressure)
Berat Fluida untuk mengimbangi pressure formasi= 10.5ppg (dihitung dari reservoir
pressure)
Surface mixing temperature = 90o F
Temperatur di permukaan = 90o F
___________________ ppg

2. What is crystallization of brines and what is its importance in well control?

Apa yang dimaksud dengan kristalisasi garam dan apa kaitan utamanya dalam well
control?
_________________________________________________________________

3. What is a packer fluid?

Apa yang dimaksud dengan packer fluid?
____________________________________________________________

4. What are some characteristics of completion fluids?

Sebutkan beberapa karakter dari completion fluid?
a) Easily weighted or diluted for well control.
Mudah diperberat atau dilarutkan untuk well control
b) Non-damaging to the reservoir and wellbore
Tidak merusak reservoir atau lubang sumur
c) Stable at surface and down hole conditions
Stabil pada kondisi permukaan atau di dalam lubang sumur.
d) Readily available, economical and potentially recyclable
Siap tersedia, ekonomis dan dapat di daur ulang
e) All of the above.
Semua pilihan di atas

5. The rate of migration of a gas bubble in a brine will generally be slower than in a drilling
mud.
Laju migrasi dari gelembung gas di dalam air garam secara umum lebih lambat
dibandingkan di dalam drilling mud.
a) True. Benar
b) False. Salah
CHEVRON
WELL CONTROL WORKBOOK

6. The formation pressure at the perfs at 10,000’ is 4472 psi. What brine weight would you
mix at surface to workover this well. Average wellbore temperature is 160 oF and surface
temperature is 80oF. Please use the following density temperature relation
Pressure formasi pada lubang perforasi di 10,000’ adalah sebesar 4472 psi. Berapakah
berat garam yang akan anda campur pada kondisi permukaan untuk melakukan workover di
sumur ini?
Temperatur rata-rata lubang sumur adalah 160OF dan temperatur di permukaan sebesar
80o F. Gunakan table hubunga antara berat (density) garam dan temperature di bawah ini.

Brine Weight - ppg Weight loss – ppg/°F

8.4 – 9.0 0.0017
9.1 – 11.0 0.0025
11.1 – 14.5 0.0033
14.6 – 17.0 0.0040
17.1 – 19.2 0.0048
MW=((4472:(0.052X10000))+(80X0.0017)=8.6+0.136=8.736 PPG

a. 9.6
b. 10.2
c. 8.8
d. 9.2