CHEVRON

WELL CONTROL WORKBOOK

HOMEWORK: BULLHEADING
1. Before executing a "Bullheading" type kill, it is recommended to pump into the annulus and apply
some additional pressure for example 500 psi to:
Sebelum melakukan kill dengan “Bullheading”, direkomendasikan untuk memompa ke dalam
annulus dan menambahkan pressure seperti 500 psi untuk:
a) help keep the packer properly seated.
Membantu agar packer dapat berfungsi dengan benar.
b) determine if the tubing or casing begins to leak
Menentukan apakah terdapat tubing atau casing yang bocor.
c) provide more internal burst resistance to the tubing.
Memberikan tambahan ketahanan internal burst (resistance) pada tubing.
d) all of the above are correct
Semua yang di atas benar.

Given the following information regarding a Bullheading example:

Informasi berikut ini berkaitan dengan pertanyaan Bullheading di bawah:
Tubing: 2 7/8”, 6.5 lb/ft, N-80, 2.441” ID
Casing: 7”, 29 lb/ft, N-80, 6.184” ID
Packer Depth: 6000 ft TVD
Top Perf: 6150 ft TVD
Bottom Perf: 6450 ft TVD
TD: 6500 ft TVD
Gas Grad: 0.11 psi/ft
SITP: 2930 psi
Overbalance: 100 psi
Tree: 5000 psi working pressure
SICP: 30 psi

2. Calculate kill weight fluid: Hitung berat kill fluid:

Ppg KMW=(2930+100) / (6150x0.052)=9.47 ppg

3. Calculate the volume of fluid to pump 15 bbls over tubing displacement.

Hitung volume fluida yang digunakan untuk memompakan 15 bbl lebih dari tubing displacement.

Bbls Capacity=(0.00097x2.441x2.441x6000)+15=49.68 bbls

CHEVRON
WELL CONTROL WORKBOOK

4. Calculate the volume of fluid required to fill the casing below the packer to the bottom perf.
Hitung volume fluida yang dibutuhkan untuk mengisi casing di bawa hpacker sampai ke sisi
bawah perforasi.

Bbls Capacity=0.00097x6.184x6.184x(6450-6000))
=16.69 bbls

Using the following data answer questions 5- 9:

Gunakan data berikut ini untuk menjawab pertanyaan 5-9:
Casing - 7" - 29 #/ft.
Csg cap. = .0371 bpf
Tubing - 2 7/8", 6.5 #/ft.
Tbg cap. = .00579 bpf
Packer - 9200'
Sliding Sleeve - 9190'
Zone - 9250'-9300'
SITP - 750 psi
Est. gradient of formation - .4 psi/ft
Trip Margin - .3 ppg
Packer fluid - 10 ppg brine (annulus full)

Calculate: Hitung

5. Kill Weight: ________ppg KMW=750/(9250x0,052)+10=11.56 ppg

6. Volume to bullhead: ________bbls Capacity=(0.00579x9200)+((0.0371x(9250-9200))=

=53.29+1.86=55.15 bbls

Using the above well data, the tubing has been bullheaded with 9.7 ppg brine. The tubing pressure
has fallen to zero. The tubing is full of 9.7 ppg brine.
Menggunakan data sumur di atas, telah dilakukan bullhead lewat tubing dengan garam 9.7 ppg.
Tubing pressure drop menjadi nol. Tubing berisi penuh dengan garam 9.7 ppg.
 CHEVRON
WELL CONTROL WORKBOOK

7. What pressure would have to be applied to the tubing to balance the pressure across the sliding
sleeve prior to opening it?
Berapa pressure yang harus diberikan pada tubing untuk menyamakan pressure di atara sliding
sleeve sebelum dapat membukanya?

psi Defferential press=((0.052x(10-9.7)x9190))=144 psi

8. With the sliding sleeve opened, the zone will be:

Dengan terbukanya sliding sleeve, zona ini akan menjadi
a) Underbalanced
b) Overbalanced

9. By how much pressure?

Dengan pressure sebesar?

Psi Defferential press=(9250x0.052x10)-(9250-0.4)=1110 psi

10. Estimate the formation pressure at the top of the perfs:

Perkiraan formation pressure pada sisi atas perforasi adalah:

SITP = 2,300 psi SICP = 0 psi

Fracture pressure gradient at TOP = .832 psi/ft
Formation pressure gradient at TOP = .676 psi/ft
Top of perfs = 8,988 ft TVD/MD
Bottom of perfs = 9,025 ft TVD/MD

__________________psi FP top of perf=(8.988x0.676)+2300=8376 psi

CHEVRON
WELL CONTROL WORKBOOK

11. Well data:

SITP = 3,890 psi SICP = 0 psi
Fracture pressure gradient at TOP = .7956 psi/ft
Formation pressure gradient at TOP = .6656 psi/ft
Top of perfs = 9,015 ft TVD/MD
Bottom of perfs = 9,115 ft TVD/MD

Calculate the average density (ppg equivalent) of the fluid(s) in the tubing.
Hitung berat rata-rata (ppg equivalent) dari fluida di dalam tubing.

______________ppg ( 9015 x 0.6656) = 6000 psi

6000/( 9015 x 0.052 ) = 12.8 ppg

12. Given the following information, calculate the minimum required pump speed (SPM) to
effectively bullhead a gas kick down the tubing in this well
Dengan informasi di bawah ini, hitung laju pompa minimum (spm) untuk melakukan bullhead
gas kick dengan efektif melewati tubing pada sumur ini
.
Casing: 7” 26# P110 0.0382 bbl/ft
Tubing: 2 7/8” 10.4# N80 0.00449 bbl/ft
Migration rate of gas: 3000’ / hr
Pump output: 0.0300 bbl/stroke

a. 5
b. 3
c. 6
d. 8
 CHEVRON
WELL CONTROL WORKBOOK

HOMEWORK: DRILLER’S METHOD

1. A gas kick is being circulated using the driller’s method. The fluid density in the well is not
sufficient to kill the well. What will happen to bottom hole pressure in each of the following
situations?
Gas kick sedang disirkulasi menggunakan Driller’s Methods. Berat fluida di dalam well tidak
cukup untuk mematikan (kill) sumur. Apa yang akan terjadi pada Bottom Hole Pressure pada
setiap situasi berikut ini?

If workstring pressure is held constant while kill fluid is being pumped to the end of tubing
Jika worksting pressure dijaga konstan ketika kill fluid dipompakan sampai ujung tubing.
(a) Increase. Bertambah (b) Decrease. Berkurang (c) Stay the same. Tetap sama

If workstring pressure is held constant while kill Fluid is being pumped up the annulus
Jika workstring pressure dijaga konstan ketika kill fluid yang dipompa berada di annulus
(a) Increase. Bertambah (b) Decrease. Berkurang (c) Stay the same. Tetap sama

If the gas bubble is not allowed to expand

Jika gelembung gas tidak diperbolehkan untuk mengembang (ekspansi)
(a) Increase. Bertambah (b) Decrease. Berkurang (c) Stay the same. Tetap sama

If SPM is increased and workstring pressure is held constant

Jika SPM pompa dinaikkan dan workstring pressure dijaga konstan
(a) Increase. Bertambah (b) Decrease. Berkurang (c) Stay the same. Tetap sama

USE THE FOLLOWING FOR PROBLEMS 2 – 4.

GUNAKAN DATA BERIKUT UNTUK PROBLEM 2-4.
A kick is taken and the well is shut in with 600 psi on the tubing and 800 psi on the casing. The
kick is being circulated out by the Driller's Method. After the pump is brought up to speed, the
circulating tubing pressure stabilizes at 1,300 psi.
Kick terjadi dan sumur dimatikan dengan 600 psi di tubing dan 800 psi di casing. Kick
disirkulasikan dengan Driller Methods. Setelah pompa dinaikkan ke laju pemompaan, circulating
tubing pressure stabil pada 1,300 psi.
2. After the annulus volume (bottoms up) has been pumped, the circulating tubing pressure should be
about equal to:
Setelah dipompakan sebesar volume annulus (bawah ke atas), circulating tubing pressure menjadi:
a) 1,300 psi
b) 700 psi
c) 800 psi
d) none of these

3. At the same time (one bottoms up has been pumped) you would expect the circulating casing
pressure to be:
Pada saat yang sama (satu bottoms up dipompakan), circulating casing pressure akan menjadi:
a) about 800 psi
b) zero
c) about 600 psi
CHEVRON
WELL CONTROL WORKBOOK

d) none of these

4. If the well is shut-in after reading these circulating pressures (one bottoms up has been pumped),
the pressures should be about:
Jika well ditutup setelah membaca circulating pressure ini (setelah dipompakan satu bottoms up),
pressure akan menjadi sekitar:
a) TP = 0 psi CP = 600 psi
b) TP = 0 psi CP = 0 psi
c) TP = 600 psi CP = 600 psi
d) TP = 0 psi CP = 100 psi

5. The principle involved in CONSTANT BOTTOM HOLE PRESSURE methods of well control
is to maintain a pressure that is:
Prinsip yang ada di dalam metode CONSTANT BOTTOMHOLE
PRESSURE dari well control adalah untuk menjaga pressure tersebut :
3” piston
a) Equal to the slow rate circulating pressure.
Sama dengan slow rate circulating pressure.
b) Equal to or only slightly above formation pressure.
Sama atau sedikit di atas formation pressure
c) Equal to the shut in drill pipe pressure.
Sama dengan shut in drill pipe pressure
d) At least equal to the shut in casing pressure.
Sekurangnya sama dengan shut ini casing pressure

6. While washing sand, the well kicks and is shut-in. After pressures stabilize you decide to
kill the well using the Drillers Method. Use the following steps and put them in the correct order.
Ketika wash sand, sumur terjadi kick dan ditutup. Setelah pressure stabil, anda memutuskan
untuk kill sumur dengan Driller Methods. Gunakan langkah berikut ini dan letakkan dalam
urutan yang benar.
a) Bring pumps up to kill speed holding annulus pressure constant
Naikkan laju pompa pada kill speed dengan menjaga annulus pressure konstan
b) Hold annulus pressure constant till kill fluid fills the workstring
Jaga annulus pressure kontan sampai kill fluid mengisi volume workstring.
c) Hold workstring pressure constant until the kick is out of the well
Jaga workstring pressure konstan sampai kick keluar dari sumur.
d) Hold workstring pressure constant till kill fluid is at the surface
Jaga workstring pressure konstan sampai kill fluid berada dipermukaan
e) Hold annulus pressure constant while shutting down the pumps and checking the SITP&
SICP. Jaga annulus pressure kontan ketika mematikan pompa dan check SITP&SICP.
f) Bring pumps up to kill speed holding annulus pressure constant
Naikkan laju pompa pada kill speed dengan menjaga annulus pressure konstan

Place your answers in the correct order. Tempatkan jawaban anda pada urutan yang benar:
1st_____ 2nd_____ 3rd_____
4th____ 5th_____ 6th____ _
 CHEVRON
WELL CONTROL WORKBOOK

7. During a Drillers method kill you see that the Workstring pressure is 100 psi below the correct
pressure while pumping at 4 bpm. To make a correction you should;
Selama proses kill dengan Drillers Method, anda melihat workstring pressure 100 psi di bawah
pressure yang seharusnya pada pemompaan 4 bpm. Koreksi yang anda lakukan:
a) Speed the pump up to 5 bpm
Tambah laju pompa menjadi 5 bpm.
b) Close the choke quickly till you see workstring pressure come up 100 psi
Tutup choke dengan cepat sampai terlihat workstring pressure menjad i100 psi.
c) Close the choke slightly till you see the annulus pressure increase by 100 psi then monitor
change on the workstring gauge
Tutup choke dengan perlahan samapai terlihat annulus pressure bertambah 100 psi dan
kemudian dimonitor kenaikan pressure di workstring gauge.

8. While circulating out the influx the toolpusher instructs the Operator to increase the pump speed
from 3 bpm to 4 bpm. The choke operator decides to maintain constant pressure on the workstring
gauge. What will happen to bottomhole pressure?
Ketika mensirkulasikan influx keluar, toolpusher memerintahkan operator untuk menaikkna pump
speed dari 3 bpm menjadi 4 bpm. Choke operator memutuskan untuk menjaga pressure konstan di
workstring gauge. Apa yang terjadi pada bottomhole pressure?

a) Increase. Naik
b) Decrease. Turun.
c) Stay the same. Tetap sama
CHEVRON
WELL CONTROL WORKBOOK

HOMEWORK: REVERSE CIRCULATING

1. With the well hydrostatically balanced, the BHP will be the same whether forward
circulating or reverse circulating at the same pump rate.
Dengan kondisi sumur seimbang secara hidrostatik, BHP akan tetap sama antara menggunakan
forward circulation atau reverse circulation pada laju pompa yang sama.
a) True. Benar
b) False. Salah

2. When bringing the pumps up to speed in a reversing operation on an underbalanced well (while
attempting to hold BHP approx. constant), which pressure is to be held constant?
Dengan menaikkan pompa ke laju pemompaan pada operasi reversing pada kondisi sumur
underbalanced (dengan upaya menjaga BHP relatif konstan), pressure manakan yang dijaga
konstan?
a) Shut in tubing pressure.
b) Shut in tubing pressure plus a safety factor
c) Shut in casing pressure
d) Shut in casing pressure plus a safety factor

3. The annulus is full of 10 ppg fluid.

The tubing is full of 7 ppg fluid.

To reverse circulate the well with 10 ppg fluid while holding the bottom-hole pressure constant,
which of the following should you do?
(Assume that the pump has already been brought up to a selected, constant speed and you are
maintaining the correct bottom hole pressure.)
Untuk melakukan reverse circulation pada sumur dengan 10 ppg fluid dengan menjaga bottomhole
pressure konstan, langkah manakah seharusnya anda lakukan?
(Anggap bahwa pompa sudah berada pada laju pemompaan, kondisi laju pompa konstan dan anda
berupaya menjaga bottomhole pressure yang benar.)
a. hold CP constant. Jaga CP konstan.
b. hold TP constant. Jaga TP konstan.
c. hold TP constant for one tubing volume, then hold CP constant. Jaga TP konstan
pada pemompaan satu volume tubing, kemudian jaga CP konstan.
d. none of these. Tidak ada yang benar.

4. When removing a gas kick from a well with poor casing or wellhead integrity, in most cases
which method minimizes the amount of casing pressure imposed on wellhead and surface
equipment?
Ketika membuang gas kick keluar dari sumur dengan kondisi integritas casing & wellhead yag
buruk, pada umumnya metode mana yang bisa meminimalkan besarnya casing pressure yang
terjadi pada wellhead atau peralatan permukaan?
a. Driller’s
b. Wait and weight
c. Reverse circulation
d. Volumetric
 CHEVRON
WELL CONTROL WORKBOOK

HOMEWORK: VOLUMETRIC

1. Allowing the gas to expand only enough to maintain bottomhole pressure by careful choke
operations is known as:
Dengan membiarkan gas mengembang secukupnya untuk menjaga bottomhole pressure dengan
melakukan pengoperasian choke secara hati-hati di kenal dengan:

a) No expansion program
b) Boyle’s Law
c) Controlled expansion
d) Volumetric Method
e) Constant pit level law

2. The volumetric method should be used when:

Metode volumetric digunakan ketika:
a) gas is migrating and you cannot circulate.
Gas bermigrasi dan anda tidak bisa melakukan sirkulasi.
b) you have a ported float in the string
Anda mempunyai ported float di string.
c) you do not have enough barite to weight up to kill weight mud.
Anda tidak mempunyai barite yang cukup untuk membuat kill mud weight.

3. While using the volumetric method (well kicked while out of the hole), how many barrels of
fluid could be bled off before the overall hydrostatic head is reduced by 100 psi given the
following data?
Ketika menggunakan metode volumetrik (terjadi kick ketika sumur tanpa string), berapa barrel
fluida yang bisa di buang (bleed off) sebelum seluruh tekanan hidrostatik dikurangi sebesar 100
psi dengan menggunakan data berikut ini?

9-5/8" x 47 ppf casing Cap. = 0.07323 bbl/ft

Fluid wt. = 9.4 ppg

a) 15 bbl
b) 12.4 bbl
c) 10.9 bbl
CHEVRON
WELL CONTROL WORKBOOK

GIVEN:
MW = 9.6 ppg
Casing = 7” 38 ppf, ID = 5.92”
SICP = 700 psi

While pulling out of the hole with logging tools, it is noticed that the well is flowing and the trip
tank indicates a 5 bbl gain. We decide to use the volumetric method. Using the given data
answer the following questions.
Ketika pulling keluar lubang dengan logging tools, sumur mngalami flowing dan trip tank
mengindikasikan 5 bbl gain. Kita memutuskan untuk menggunakan metode volumetrik. Dengan
menggunakan data di atas, jawablah pertanyaan berikut ini.

4. How far will the bubble rise before an additional 100 psi increase is seen on the casing pressure
gauge?
Seberapa jauh gelembung gas akan naik saat tambahan kenaikan 100 psi terbaca di pressure
gauge?
_____________ ft.

5. How much volume of fluid will we bleed while we maintain constant casing pressure of 800 psi?
(assume for this example no safety factor is used)
Berapa volume fluida yang akan dibuang (bleed) ketika kita menjaga casing pressure jonstan di
800 psi? (pada contoh ini, tidak mempergunakan safety faktor).

_____________ bbls.
 CHEVRON
WELL CONTROL WORKBOOK

HOMEWORK: LUBE AND BLEED

1. During a lubricate and bleed procedure, a 15-bbl slug of 10-ppg fluid is pumped into the 9 5/8”
47 ppf casing (ID=8.681”) with no tubing in the hole. How much hydrostatic pressure is added
inside the wellbore due to the fluid pumped?
Selama melakukan prosedur lubricate and bleed, 15 bbl slug fluida seberat 10-ppg dipompakan
ke dalam 9 5/8” 47 ppf casing (ID=8.681”) tanpa tubing di dalam lubang sumur. Berapakah
tambahan pressure hidrostatik di dalam lubang sumur karena pemompaan fluida tersebut?

_____________psi

2. What is the basic principle of the Lubricate and Bleed Method?

Apa prinsip dasar dari metode Lubricate and Bleed?
a) Pump Annular fluid and bleed pressure at surface simultaneously
Pompakan fluida di annular and buang (bleed) pressure di permukan secara simultan.
b) Exchange pressure at surface for pumped, settled fluid volume in annulus
Penukaran pressure di permukaan dengan volume fluida yang dipompakan di annulus.
c) Continuous circulation of heavy fluid
Sirkulasi secara menerus dari fluida yang berat.
d) Gradual overbalance with increasingly heavy fluid
Overbaalnce secara bertahap dengan menambah lumpur yang berat.

3. Before executing a "Bullheading" type kill, it is recommended to pump into the annulus and apply
some additional pressure for example 500 psi to:
Sebelum melakukan kill dengan “Bullheading”, direkomendasikan untuk memompa ke dalam
annulus dan menambahkan pressure seperti 500 psi untuk:
e) help keep the packer properly seated
Membantu agar packer dapat berfungsi dengan benar.
f) determine if the tubing or casing begins to leak
Menentukan apakah terdapat tubing atau casing yang bocor.
g) provide more internal burst resistance to the tubing
Memberikan tambahan ketahanan internal burst (resistance) pada tubing.
h) all of the above are correct
Semua yang di atas benar.
CHEVRON
WELL CONTROL WORKBOOK

GIVEN:
MW = 9.6 ppg
Casing = 7” 38 ppf, ID = 5.92”
SICP = 700 psi

4. In the well whose data is given above, the drill pipe was pulled out of hole when a kick was
detected and shut in. The volumetric method was used to maintain constant BHP while the gas
migrates to surface. It is desired to use the lube and bleed to bleed off the gas out of the well.
How many barrels of fluid do we need to pump into the annulus before 100 psi bled off?
Di dalam sumur dimana data-datanya telah diberikan di atas, drill pipe dicabut dari dalam
lubang ketika terdeteksi kick dan sumur ditutup. Metode volumetric digunakan untuk menjada
BHP konstan ketika gas bermigrasi menuju permukaan. Dikehendaki metode lube and bleed
untuk membuang gas keluar sumur. Berapa barrel fluida yang dibutuhkan untuk dipompakan ke
dalam annulus sebelum dilakukan bleed off sebesar100 psi.

_________ bbls.

5. If the annulus pressure is 1400 psi before pumping into the well above, what pressure will you
bleed off (bleeding gas only) to after pumping?
Jika pressure annulus sebesar 1400 psi sebelum dipompakan fluida ke dalam sumur, pada
pressure berapakah anda lakukan bleed off setelah pemompaan?

___________psi
 CHEVRON
WELL CONTROL WORKBOOK

HOMEWORK: COMPLICATIONS

1. During a well kill operation, slowly but regularly you have had to reduce choke size because the
drill pipe and casing pressures keep dropping with constant pump strokes. What is a likely cause
of this?
Ketika sedang melakukan operasi kill sumur, secara perlahan dan terus-menerus anda harus
menurunkan choke size (menutup choke) karena pressure drill pipe and casing terus menurun
padahal stroke pompa tetap konstan. Apa yang menjadi sebab dari hal ini?

a) A bit nozzle is washing out.. Lubang bit mengalami aus (wash out)
b) The choke is plugging. Choke tersumbat.
c) The choke is washing out. Choke wash out
d) A bit nozzle is plugging. Lubang bit tersumbat

2. Which of the following parameters can be affected by a string washout during a well kill
operation? (Pick two answers)
Manakah dari parameter0parameter di bawah ini yang diakibatkan dari string washout selama
operasi kill sumur? (Pilih dua jawaban)

a) Kick tolerance
b) Formation fracture pressure
c) Slow circulating rate pressure
d) Bottom hole pressure