MODERN
P E N G O L A H A N M O D E R N
Outline
Teknologi Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Modern
Pengawetan vs Pengolahan
1 Pengawetan: Menjaga mutu
Pengolahan: Mengubah bentuk produk
Tujuan/Mengapa diperlukan?
2 Memperpanjang umur simpan
Lebih enak dan mudah dicerna
Prinsip Pengawetan
3 Menunda dan atau menghilangkan
penyebab pembusukan/menghentikan
aktivitas m.o.
Prinsip Pengolahan
4 Memperbaiki bentuk, cita rasa, tesktur, dan LOREM IPSUM DOLOR SIT AMET, LACUS NULLA
AC NETUS NIBH ALIQUET, PORTTITOR LIGULA
aroma dari bahan pangan
JUSTO LIBERO VIVAMUS PORTTITOR DOLOR,
Diversifikasi produk
CONUBIA MOLLIT.
Nilai tambah
Food Technology Objectives:
Originally:
preservation of food
to make food more palatable and
digestible
• Additional objectives :
developing new food products
giving food desired functional properties
improving nutritional and organoleptic quality
ensuring safety
Objective
• To understand :
how different food technologies can be
used to prevent spoilage and/or control
hazards in foods
the factors (parameters) which
influence the process and thus the
safety of the final products
how to monitor these factors
Food Preservation Criteria
• Vitamins A,D, E
• Minerals Na, K, Ca, P
• Carbohydrates
• Non-protein nitrogenous compounds.
• Enzymes
• Other
3
Low Temperature Food Preservation
• Reasons for use
1) slow growth / reproduction of organism
2) reduced chemical and enzymatic activity
3) easy to perform
Problems
• microorganisms are not destroyed
Cooling /keeping cool
• Ice slurry is good for cooling fish down quickly
• compleatly surrounds the fish
• good heat transfer
• Flake ice is good for keeping fish cool
• keeps fish moist while melting
• blood water and slime is washed off
• This may require less ice than the current practices and give much
better quality fish
Common causes of
food spoilage
60°
Fridge 10°
0°
Freezer oC SAFE
Minimum levels of aW permitting growth
( at near optimum temperatures )
Fresh meats
Fresh fish (C. perfringens,
Fresh fruits Salmonella)
> Fresh vegetables
0.98 Canned vegetables in brine
Canned fruit in light syrup
(<3.5 % salt, 26% sugar)
(Pseudomonas)
Fermented sausages
Processed cheese (B. cereus,
0.93 -
C. botulinum,
0.98 Bread Salmonella)
Evaporated milk lactobacilli, bacilli and
Tomato paste Micrococci
(10% salt, 50% sugar)
Range of aW in foods and their microbial flora
0.6 - 0.85
Dried fruit
Flour Xerophilic fungi
Cereals Halophiles
Salted fish Osmophilic yeasts
Nuts
pH
Min Max.
14
13
12
11 Fermented shark
10
9 Egg white
8
7 Fish Milk Flour Vegetables
6 Meat
5
4 Beer
Citrus fruits Soft drinks
3
2
Food technologies
that may kill certain
microbes
➢ Heat treatments
➢ Irradiation
➢ Disinfection
➢ Freezing (parasites only)
➢ High pressure technology
• Method of heating Heating medium
• Cooking Water
• baking / roasting Air
• Boiling Water
• Frying oil
• Grilling Air
• Microwave electromagnetic radiation
• pasteurization heat exchanger / water
• Sterilization steam under pressure
SNI 4110:2014
Tugas Praktik Individu
Studi kasus:
Daerah “A” merupakan salah satu sentra produk perikanan terintegrasi.
Berbagai bahan baku tersedia di lokasi ini, seperti ikan tuna, tongkol,
cakalang, kembung, kurisi, bandeng, udang, rajungan, dan lain-lain.
Jika anda sebagai seorang ahli pengolahan ikan, maka melihat potensi bahan
baku yang tersedia melimpah, naluri untuk melakukan proses pengolahan
langsung tumbuh. Coba uraikan pendapat anda, proses pengolahan apa yang
menurut anda paling:
a. Mudah dilakukan
b. Mudah terserap pasar/terjual
c. Menguntungkan dalam jangka waktu cepat
Tugas Praktik Individu
Acuan:
1. Tulis uraian anda dalam deskripsi paragraf
2. Minimal 300 kata, tulis tangan di buku tulis
3. Bisa ditambahkan dengan flow chart/diagram
4. Pilih salah satu jenis produk dan uraikan alasannya
5. Deadline Jum’at, 10 Maret 2023 pukul 15:00 WIB
(dikumpulkan di meja ibu)