PERANCANGAN MESIN PENCACAH JERAMI

UNTUK PAKAN TERNAK

Diajukan Kepada Fakultas Teknik

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
Sebagai Salah Satu Prasyarat Untuk Mendapatkan
Gelar Sarjana Teknik

Oleh :
TAUFAN EGA NUGRAHA
NIM: 201110120311056

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK MESIN

FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2017
 Taufan Ega Nugraha. (2017). Perancangan Mesin Pencacah Jerami Untuk Pakan Ternak.
Teknik mesin. Fakultas Teknik. Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. Pembimbing (1) Ir. Herry
Suprianto, MT (2) Ir. Ali Saifulah, MT .

ABSTRAK

Jerami adalah hasil samping usaha pertanian berupa tangkai dan batang
tanaman serealia yang telah kering, setelah biji-bijiannya dipisahkan. Massa jerami kurang lebih
setara dengan massa biji-bijian yang dipanen. Jerami memiliki banyak fungsi, di antaranya
sebagai bahan bakar, pakan ternak, alas atau lantai kandang, pengemas bahan pertanian
(misal telur), bahan bangunan (atap, dinding, lantai), mulsa, dan kerajinan tangan. Jerami
umumnya dikumpulkan dalam bentuk gulungan, diikat, maupun ditekan. Mesin baler dapat
membentuk jerami menjadi gulungan maupun kotak. (wikipedia)

Metode perancangan yang digunakan melalui beberapa tahapan, berikut tahapannya: 1)

Mencari data perancangan meliputi konsep membuat desain mesin, mencari data tentang rumput
gajah, dan spesifikasi motor penggerak. 2) melakukan study literatur meliputi pengkajian
terhadap alat pencacah serupa yang ada dipasaran. 3) perancangan sistem pencacah yang
meliputi spesifikasi dimensi pisau, dudukan pisau, poros, bantalan, puli, dan v-belt. 4)
perancangan rangka dan sambungan meliputi konstruksi rangka yang sesuai, pemilihan material
yang digunakan serta sambungan untuk menyatukan rangka. 5) melakukan pengecekan meliputi
pemeriksaan hasil perancangan secara terperinci. 6) pembuatan mesin yaitu prototipe dari mesin
yang telah dirancang sesuai dengan hasil perhitungan.

Pada perancangan mesin pencacah jerami ini menghasilkan kecepatan putaran poros 2025
rpm, dan menghasilkan kapasitas cacahan kurang lebih 60 kg/jam. Sumber penggerak mesin
adalah Motor listrik merk Yuema seri B3 6 pole dengan kecepatan 2000 - 2500 rpm. Sistem
transmisi menggunakan v-belt tunggal dengan puli penggerak diameter 71 mm dan puli yang
digerakkan 87,39 mm, serta pemasangan pasak pada poros dan puli agar sistem transmisi
berjalan dengan baik.

Kata kunci: perancangan, jerami, mesin pencacah jerami.

 Taufan Ega Nugraha. (2017). Perancangan Mesin Pencacah Jerami Untuk Pakan Ternak.
Teknik mesin. Fakultas Teknik. Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. Pembimbing (1) Ir. Herry
Suprianto, MT (2) Ir. Ali Saifulah, MT .

ABSTRACS

Straw is a by-product of agricultural business in the form of stems and stems of cereals that
have dried, after the grains are separated. Straw masses are approximately equivalent to the mass
of harvested grains. Straw has many functions, such as fuel, animal feed, pedestal or cage floor,
packaging of agricultural materials (eg eggs), building materials (roofs, walls, floors), mulch,
and handicrafts. Straw is generally collected in rolled, tied, or pressed form. The baller machine
can form the straw into rolls or boxes. (Wikipedia)
Design method used through several stages, following stages: 1) Looking for design data
include the concept of making machine design, searching data about elephant grass, and the
specification of the driving force. 2) conducting a literature study covering the assessment of
similar enumerator tools in the market. 3) design of enumeration system which includes
specification of knife dimension, holder of knife, shaft, bearing, pulley, and v-belt. 4) frame and
connection design including appropriate frame construction, material selection used and
connection to unify the frame. 5) Checks include detailed design results. 6) manufacture of
machine that is prototype of machine which have been designed according to result of
calculation.
In the design of this straw chopper machine produces a speed of 2025 rpm shaft rotation,
and produce a capacity of counted approximately 60 kg / hour. The source of the engine drive is
electric motor Yuema series B3 6 pole with speed 2000 - 2500 rpm. The transmission system
uses a single v-belt with a 71 mm diameter drive pulleys and 87.39 mm driven pulleys, and
mounting pegs on the shafts and pulleys for the transmission system to run properly.

Keywords: designing, straw, straw chop machine/ thrasher machine straw .

 DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR JUDUL ........................................................................................................i

POSTER ................................................................................................................... ii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN........................................................................................... iii
LEMBAR ASISTENSI ................................................................................................ iv
LEMBAR SURAT PERNYATAAN TIDAK PLAGIAT ........................................................ vi
ABSTRAKS............................................................................................................. vii
ABSTRACS ............................................................................................................ viii
KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................. ix
DAFTAR ISI .............................................................................................................. x
DAFTAR TABEL ...................................................................................................... xii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................. xii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang .......................................................................................... 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah .................................................................................... 3
1.3 Tujuan Perancangan................................................................................. 3
1.4 Batasan Masalah ...................................................................................... 3
1.5 Manfaat Perancangan .............................................................................. 4
1.6 Konsep Desain .......................................................................................... 5
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
2.1 Jerami Padi ............................................................................................... 7
2.2 Definisi Desain .......................................................................................... 7
2.3 Pisau Pencacah ....................................................................................... 10
2.4 Menentukan Daya Motor....................................................................... 11
2.5 Sabuk Penggerak .................................................................................... 12
2.6 Pulley ...................................................................................................... 14
2.7 Poros ...................................................................................................... 17
2.8 Pasak ...................................................................................................... 24
2.9 Rangka ...................................................................................................28
 2.10 Bantalan ............................................................................................30
BAB III PERHITUNGAN DAN PEMBAHASAN
3.1 Gaya Potong Jerami ............................................................................... 35
3.2 Perencanaan Pisau Pemotong ............................................................... 36
3.3 Pemilihan Motor .................................................................................... 40
3.4 Perencanaan Transmisi .......................................................................... 41
3.5 Sabuk dan Puli ........................................................................................ 41
3.6 PerencanaanPoros ................................................................................. 49
3.7 PerencanaanPasak ................................................................................. 53
3.8 PerencanaanBantalan ............................................................................ 54
BAB IV KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
4.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................................. 59
4.2 Saran ...................................................................................................... 60
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN
 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 : Faktor-faktor koreksi daya yang ditransmisikan fc ...................................... 18

Tabel 2.2: Ukuran Pasak................................................................................................. 27
 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1.1 : Bagian-bagian mesin pencacah jerami............................. 6

Gambar 2.1 : Pisau pencacah .................................................................10

Gambar 2.2 : Macam – macam pisau potong .........................................11

Gambar 2.3 : Kontruksi sabuk V ........................................................... 13

Gambar 2.4 : Ukuran penampang sabuk V ............................................13

Gambar 2.5 : Jenis sabuk .......................................................................14

Gambar 2.6 : Pully .................................................................................15

Gambar 2.7 : Poros ................................................................................23

Gambar 2.8 : Jenis – jenis bantalan gelinding .......................................31

Gambar 2.9 : Susunan sebuah bantalan .................................................31

Gambar 3.1 : Gaya yang bekerja pada pisau .........................................35

Gambar 3.2 : Pisau Pemotong ...............................................................36

Gambar 3.3 : Sketsa transmisi sistem pemotong ..................................41

Gambar Konsep Desain ........................................................................61

 DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Khurmi, R. S., Gupta, J. K. 1982. Machine Design. New Delhi:Eurasia Publishing House.

Sularso dan Suga, Kiyokatsu, (1991,1997). Dasar Perencanaan dan Pemilihan Elemen Mesin. Jakarta:

Pradnya Paramita.

(http://eprints.undip.ac.id/39427/1/Modifikasi_Mesin_Pencacah_Jerami.)

(http://www.fortunatakajamit.blogspot.com/2012/09/struktur-bangunan-baja.html?m=1)

(http://www.scribd.com/doc/210938549/ELMES)

Sularso, Kiyokatsu Suga. 2004. Dasar Perencanaan dan Pemilihan Elemen Mesin.
Pradnya Paramita. Jakarta.

Takesi Sato, N. Sugiarto Hariyanto. 1999. Menggambar Mesin . Pradnya Paramita.

Jakarta.

Aries Sationo, Sisminto. 2010. Autodesk Inventor Propesional 2009. C.V Andi Offset.
Yogyakarta.