LIKUIFACTION
LIKUIFACTION
State Criteria
• Sebuah review singkat tentang konsep dasar
prilaku tanah non kohesi disajikan sebagai
berikut:
• Untuk tanah pasir yang lepas, saat diberi
tegangan deviator akan mengalami
pemadatan (e mengecil) pada regangan yang
kecil dan pada regangan yang besar (tegangan
tidak dapat meningkat lagi) ec akan tercapai
CVR,padat,lepas,
CVR,pasir padat,pasir lepas,
State Criteria
• Material yang lepas,pwp bertanda +
• Material yang Padat,pwp bertanda –
• CVR Line adalah suatu kondisi dimana pasir
akan berpindah pada perubahan yang besar
• Dipertimbangkan sebagai batasan pada tanah
apakah rentan terhadap likuifaksi atau tidak
• Keruntuhan sebuah bendungan yang terletak
di bawah CVR dapat juga terlikuifaksi akibat
phenomena yang kompleks.
CVR Line,batasan terlikuifaksi atau tidak, bendungan,
CVR Line, fungsi tegangan confining,batasan terlikuifaksi atau tidak
Critical Void Ratio
• In 1936, Dr. Arthur Casagrande performed a
series of drained strain-controlled triaxial tests
and discovered that initially loose and dense
specimens at the same confining pressure
approached the same density when sheared
to large strains.
• The void ratio corresponding to this density
was called the critical void ratio (ec).
CVR line
Use CVR lIne
CVR line,susceptibility,nonsusceptibility
Use CVR lIne
• Merupakan batas antara lokasi yang dapat
terlikuifaksi dan yang tidak dapat
e e
dense Undrained
dense Undrained
s3c logs3c
Arithmetic Logaritmic
τ~γ τ
εv ~γ
(Dilatancy)
γ
Simple explanation of dilatancy curve
εv τ~ γ, εv ~ γ (Dense sand)
(Comp.)
Expansion,compression,dilatancy,pasir padat, 17
Behaviour of initial Loose and Dense sand
B
Steady State of Deformation
• In the mid-1960s, Gonzalo Castro, a student of
Casagrande, performed an important series of
undrained, stress-controlled triaxial tests.
• Castro observed three different types of
stress-strain behavior depending upon the soil
state.
• Dense specimens initially contracted but then
dilated with increasing effective confining
pressure and shear stress.
Runtuh,gagal,likuifaksi,
Static triaxial test stress paths for
three specimens of different
densities.
A=lepas,B=padat,C=menengah=A
Steady State of Deformation
• Medium dense soils initially showed the same
behavior as the loose samples but, after
initially exhibiting contractive behavior, the
soil "transformed" and began exhibiting
dilative behavior.
• Castro referred to this type of behavior as
"limited liquefaction“, for sample C
flow liquifaction,
Steady State of Deformation
• Untuk sample B (Padat), awalnya sample
tanah mengalami pemadatan, sampai
akhirnya mengalami pengembangan pada saat
terjadi regangan yang besar
Pemadatan,pengembangan,
Steady State of Deformation
• Castro plotted the relationship (see figure
below) between effective confining pressure
and void ratio at large strains for these
undrained, stress-controlled tests.
• Castro referred to the curved produced by this
plot, which is similar to the CVR line for the
drained strain controlled tests performed by
Casagrande, as the Steady State Line (SSL).
Left: 3-D steady state line. Right: 2-D Projection of SSL plotted on graph
of void ratio versus the logarithm of confining pressure or steady state
strength.
3D, susceptible,SSL,
Steady State of Deformation
• SSL is very useful for understanding the basic
concepts of liquifaction
• Cyclic mobility, another liquefaction-related
phenomenon, can occur in dense as well as
loose soils.
Kerentanan,SSL,
State Parameter (Ψ)
(Ψ),SSL,ess,
State Parameter, (Ψ)
• Dinyatakan dengan persamaan:
• Dimana ess adalah void ratio pada kondisi stady
state pada tegangan efektif confining
• Jika State parameter ini bernilai positif, maka
sampel tanah adalah loose dan akan mengalami
pemadatan, maka saat gempa akan rentan
mengalami flow liquifaction.
• Jika State parameter ini bernilai negatif, maka
sampel tanah akan mengalami pengembangan
(pecah), maka akan tidak mengalami flow
liquifaction
(Ψ),pemadatan,flow likuifaksi,pemadatan,pengembangan,
State Parameter, (Ψ)
(Ψ),keakuratan,
Terima kasih