ABSTRAK
TFE:
Daily vs placebo: daily
less frequent exacerbations were observed among children
with a positive skin test result (HR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.15-
0.61; P < .01).
Combined vs placebo: combined
1. Eksaserbasi jarang pada non-Hispanic children (HR,
0.37; 95% CI, 0.18-0.75; P< .01)
2. Eksaserbasi jarang pada anak dengan kadar IgE ≥ 350
K/ mL (HR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.03-0.92; P < .05)
3. Eksaserbasi jarang pada anak yang tidak menggunakan
oral corticosteroid pada 1 tahun sebelum studi (HR,
0.35; 95% CI, 0.16-0.76; P < .01)
ACD
Rescue vs placebo:
neither complete nor less than complete control was
associated with a significant increase in ACDs
Daily vs placebo:
1. significant improvement in ACDs was observed among
males, 45 (95% CI, 23-68; P < .01) more days a year
2. significant improvement was seen among children with
positive skin test results, 37 (95% CI, 14-60; P <.01)
more days a year
3. significant improvement was seen among children with
an IgE level of 350 K/mL or more, 44 (95% CI, 1-88; P
< .05) more days a year
4. a significant improvement was seen among children
with less than complete run-in asthma control, 48 (95%
CI, 8-87; P < .05) more days a year
Combined vs placebo
a significant improvement was seen among those with IgE
levels of 350 K/mL
or more and among those with IgE levels of less than 350
K/mL, 49 (95% CI, 1-98; P<.05) and 26 (95% CI, 6-47;
P<.01) more days a year, respectively.
Can the results TREXA trial hanya mengikutkan anak dengan asma
of study be persisten ringan dan bersifat steroid responsive, oleh
generalized? karena itu generalisasi hasil studi ini pada populasi yang
lebih luas dinilai terbatas. Namun hasil ini sangat bisa
digeneralisasikan pada anak yang menunjukkan repson
yang baik terhadap initial trial of daily inhaled
corticosteroid treatment.
How is the 84 uji formal interaksi, menggunakan signifikansi P <.10,
clinical oleh karena itu masih dimungkinkan 8 data yang signifikan
significance of didapat karena chance semata, peneliti sendiri
the study results? menyebutkan bahwa analisis data tersebut adalah sebuah
How is the pembentukan hipotesis dan sebaiknya tidak digunakan
applicability of sebagai guide clinical care.
study results
according to the
researcher?
B. Telaah Kritis VIA menggunakan metode dan
1. Validity partisipan yang sama, sehingga
a. Research question - Is the rincian metode penelitian lebih
research question well-defined jelas dicantumkan pada
that can be answered using penelitian 2011.
this study design? b. Randomization
Artikel dengan judul 1) Were the patients
Markers of Diferential randomized to the
Response to Inhaled Cortico- intervention and control
steroid Treatment Among groups by a well-defined
Children With Mild Persistent method of randomization?
Asthma merupakan TREXA Was the randomization list
(The Treating Children to concealed from patients,
Prevent Exacerbations of clinicians and researchers?
Asthma) trial, randomized, The Data Coordinat-
double blind, placebo- ing Center (DCC; Penn
controlled trial. Metode yang State Hershey College, PA,
digunakan sesuai dengan USA) generated the random
tujuan dari penelitian ini yakni allocation sequence. The
mengetahui respon klinis DCC had no interaction
penggunaan kortikosteroid with participants, but was
inhalasi melalui karakteristik responsible for manage-
demografi spesifik, asthma ment of data and statistical
burden, dan atopik, sehingga analyses. The randomi-
dapat mengidentifikasi apakah sation sequence was
anak akan mendapatkan stratified according to
keuntungan yang besar bila clinical centre and age
mendapat terapi kortikosteroid group (6–11 years and 12–
inhalasi. Penelitian ini 18 years), in blocks of four.
merupakan lanjutan dari A pharmaceutical vendor
TREXA’s trial 2011 yang was selected to package,
code, and ship the drug characteristics at the
packets to each clinical beginning of the study?
centre. When a clinical “All individuals
centre deemed that a recruited had a history of
participant was eligible for mild persistent asthma
randomisation, the clinical during the previous 2 years,
centre coordinator logged and qualified for interrup-
onto the secure CARE tion or discontinuation of
Network website, entered controller treatment be-
the relevant information to cause their illness was well
confirm participant eligibi- controlled (as defined in US
lity, and received the National Asthma Education
appropriate drug packet and Prevention Program
code to be assigned to the asthma care guidelines10).
participant. Drug groups Participants were defined
were labelled as A, B, C, as having mild persistent
and D to mask statisticians asthma if they had, on
to treatment group during average, more than 2 days
the first complete run- per week with symptoms
through of data analyses” (eg, wheezing), more than
7
. 2 days a week on which
Artikel ini sudah mencan- they had to use albuterol to
tumkan bahwa cara control symptoms, or more
intervensi yang dilakukan than two awakenings at
melalui randomisasi berba- night per month when not
sis komputer, dan dapat using controller
dipastikan bahwa random- medication, or if they had
isasi tidak diketahui oleh to use daily controller
pasien, klinisi maupun treatment to keep their
peneliti. disorder well controlled” 7.
2) Do the patients in each “Eligible children
group have similar had mild persistent asthma
and demonstrated good were much the same
asthma control and high between participants who
protocol adherence during were randomised and those
the study’s 4-week run-in who were enrolled but were
period. Children also had not eligible for the
to demonstrate airway treatment phase (n=555)
reversibility and methach- Baseline characteristics
oline responsiveness; were much the same
however, these require- between individuals in the
ments were later relaxed to four treatment groups7.
aid recruitment” 3 Adanya kriteria inklusi dan
“Children were excluded if eksklusi bahkan dicantum-
they demonstrated any of kan dengan jelas pada
the following markers of paragraf pertama result
severe asthma: baseline TREXA’s trial 2011, bahwa
FEV1 less than 60% of setiap grup mempunyai
predicted, asthma-related karakteristik dasar klinis
hospitalization within the yang sama.
past year, an asthma c. Blinding
exacerbation in the past 3 1) Were the patients and
months or more than 2 in clinicians kept blinded
the previous year, or a (masked) to which
previous life-threatening treatment was being given?
exacerbation. The institu- Were they kept blinded until
tional review boards of the end of the study?
each participating institu- “Children were
tion approved the clinical provided with placebo
trial protocol; children inhalers for daily and
gave assent, and parents rescue use to ensure
gave consent”3. blinding”3.
Sociodemographic The Data Coordinating
and clinical characteristics Center (DCC; Penn State
Hershey College, PA, USA) the relevant information to
generated the random confirm participant eligibi-
allocation sequence. The lity, and received the
DCC had no interaction appropriate drug packet
with participants, but was code to be assigned to the
responsible for manage- participant. Drug groups
ment of data and statistical were labelled as A, B, C,
analyses. The randomi- and D to mask statisticians
sation sequence was to treatment group during
stratified according to the first complete run-
clinical centre and age through of data analyses”7.
group (6–11 years and 12– Pasien dan klinisi dipasti-
18 years), in blocks of four. kan tidak ada yang
A pharmaceutical vendor mengetahui setiap detail
was selected to package, intervensi yang dilakukan.
code, and ship the drug d. Follow-up
packets to each clinical 1) Were all patients counted at
centre. When a clinical the end of the study? If not,
centre deemed that a how many patients were
participant was eligible for lost to follow up and for
randomisation, the clinical what reason?
centre coordinator logged
onto the secure CARE
.
Network website, entered
Gambar B.1 Follow Up Participant of Study7.