V1 x C1 = V2 x C2
Keterangan V= volume dan C konsentrasi
Insect Mortality
100
90
80
70
% Mortality
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 5 10 15
Grafik hsl percobaan
Misal:Marshall 25 ST (carbosulfan 25,53%)
Ppm
No g/l ppm (dibulatkan) log
1 0,50 127,650 128 2,107
2 1,00 255,300 255 2,407
3 1,75 446,775 447 2,650
4 2,00 510,600 511 2,708
5 2,25 574,425 574 2,759
6 2,50 638,250 638 2,805
7 2,75 702,075 702 2,846
8 3,00 765,900 766 2,884
Penghitungan LD50
Metode Grafik
dan
Probit analisis
Grafik hsl percobaan
Curve is sigmoidal
Mortality increases with log dose
Transformation
Transformation is
necessary for statistical
analysis
⚫ Curve is sigmoidal
⚫ Mortality increases with log dose
⚫ Probit transformation of % mortality vs log dose
makes it linear
Probit transformation of % mortality vs log dose makes it
linear
Transformation is necessary for statistical analysis
Penghitungan LD50
Metode Grafik
1. koreksi % mortality
(rumus Abbot)
Rumus abbot (faktor koreksi)
X - Y
% Kematian terkoreksi = (--------------)*100
x
X = proporsi yg hidup pd kontrol; Y = proporsi yg hidup pada perlakuan
1. koreksi % mortality
2. transformasikan % mortality terkoreksi ke
nilai probit—gunakan tabel probit
3. transformasikan konsentrasi ke log kons
4. Hitung garis regresi antara nilai probit dan
log konsentrasi
5. Tentukan nilai X pada nilai probit 5
2.Tabel Probit--Persentase kematian yang
10,811
ditransformasikan menjadi nilai probit -- 18,919
32,432
43,243
64,865
78,378
89,189
94,595
3,77
4,12
4,53
4,80
5,39
5,77
6,23
3.Kons Vs mortality
No Mortality
Kons(ppm) Log konst (%) Probit
0 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
1 127,650 2,107 10,811 3,77
2 255,300 2,407 18,919 4,12
3 446,775 2,650 32,432 4,53
4 510,600 2,708 43,243 4,80
5 574,425 2,759 64,865 5,39
6 638,250 2,805 78,378 5,77
7 702,075 2,846 89,189 6,23
8 765,900 2,884 94,595 6,64
Mortality vs konsentrasi
Log konst Probit
0,000 0,000
2,107 3,77
2,407 4,12
2,650 4,53
2,708 4,80
2,759 5,39
2,805 5,77
2,846 6,23
2,884 6,64
4.Hitung garis regresi antara nilai probit dan log kons
Y= -3,887+3,4187X
5. Tentukan nilai X pada nilai probit 5
Y= -3,887+3,4187X
5= -3,887+3,4187X
X=( 5+3,887)/3,418 =2,6
– Houseflies- thorax
– Cockroaches sternum
Injection
⚫ Saline or vegetable oil / inert solvent
⚫ Surfactants (Triton X) solvents like acetone,
ethanol can be toxic
⚫ abdominal midline parallel to the gut
⚫ Flies- thorax parallel to the gut
⚫ Caterpillars in the proleg
Testing formulations
⚫ Mimic the application
– formulation development and evaluation
– not best for comparing toxicity
⚫ Spray towers
⚫ Precision dusters
⚫ Fumigant chambers
⚫ Dip testing
LC50
⚫ Aquatic organisms- add insecticide to water
– LC50 (lethal concentration)
– not LD50 (lethal dose)
⚫ Baits
– Oral LC50
– Ad libitum- dose not controlled
– True Oral LC50
⚫ Small bait entirely consumed
⚫ Place insecticide directly into mouth/gut
Lethal Time 50 (LT50)
⚫ LT50
– evaluating resistance in field populations
(cockroaches, mosquitoes)
– limited numbers available contact toxicity.
⚫ Contact toxicity
– Pesticide dissolved in solvent
– Used to coat glass container or filter paper
– Insects placed in container, time to death noted
– Assume dose increases linearly with contact time
Knockdown
⚫ KD50, KT50
– Stinging insects (wasps)
⚫ Effective Dose
– ED50, EC50
– Hormone analogs, chemicals that control without
killing
⚫ LD95, LD99
– Used for control rates