PENGERTIAN ULTRASONIK
TRANSDUSER ULTRASONIK
BAHAN PIEZOELEKTRIK
SINYAL ULTRASONIK
MEDAN DEKAT DAN MEDAN JAUH
APLIKASI ULTRASONIK
PENGERTIAN ULTRASONIK
Frekuensi tinggi di atas 20 kHz
Tidak dapat didengar oleh telinga manusia
Panjang gelombang di udara maksimum 17,15 mm
TRANSDUSER ULTRASONIK
Mengubah energi listrik menjadi energi akustik
Bertindak seperti pengeras suara (loudspeaker)
BAHAN PIEZOELEKTRIK
Efek piezoelektrik langsung
Bila pelat piezoelektrik diberi tekanan, maka akan
timbul muatan listrik pada kedua permukaannya
Pelat juga merupakan kapasitor dengan konstanta
dielektrik tertentu, timbul beda tegangan
VL
f
2L
+
-
y
x
elektroda
+
L
SINYAL ULTRASONIK
FREKUENSI RESONANSI
2L
T
c
1
f
T
c
f
2L
Fresnel zone
D2
N
4
Fraunhofer zone
Sin 1,22
D
2
0,5 IR
N
R
Io
Io
2
I R ,0
IR,0
I0
R
I R , / 2 0,5 I R , 0
0,5 IR
p R , / 2 0,707 p R , 0
Contoh 3.1 :
c 1500
0,3 mm
6
f 5x10
D 2 (12,7 x10 3 ) 2
N
134 mm
3
4 4(0,3x10 )
Sin
0,3x10 3
0,029
1,22 1,22
3
2
D
12,7 x10
1,7 o
2
Contoh 3.2 :
c 5850
2,925 mm
6
f 2x10
D2
(25,4 x10 3 ) 2
N
55 mm
3
4 4(2,925x10 )
Sin
2,925x10 3
0,14
1,22 1,22
3
2
D
25,4 x10
8o
2
Contoh 3.3 :
c
400
4 mm
3
f 100x10
D 2 (12,7 x10 3 ) 2
N
10 mm
3
4
4(4 x10 )
Sin
4x10 3
0,384
1,22 1,22
3
2
D
12,7 x10
23o
2
Contoh 3.4 :
N 10 mm
I 200, 0o
23o
2
2
2
10
Io
I o 0,0025 I o
200
APLIKASI ULTRASONIK
APLIKASI INTENSITAS TINGGI
Industri
Pemrosesan material gas, cairan dan padatan
APLIKASI INTENSITAS RENDAH
ULTRASONIC IN INDUSTRY
APPLICATION
DESCRIPTION
Imrovement in consistency
Food treatment
Derstroying molds,bacteria,
Tenderization,removing loose starch
APPLICATION
DESCRIPTION
Foaming of beverages
Emulsification,dispersion and
homogenization
APPLICATION
DESCRIPTION
Food treatment
Drying (plastic,paper,textile
webs)
Metal working
MATERIALS/
EQUIPMENTS
DEFECTS
Basic metal
Porosity,inclusions,
Center pipe
Metal
Fabricators
Lamination, seams,
inclusion,
Bursts, flaking, porosity,
concentricity
Aircarft
Automotive
Lamination, cracks
INDUSTRY
MATERIALS/
EQUIPMENTS
DEFECTS
Automotive
Lamination, cracks
Rubber
Tires
Plastics
Porosity, inclusions,
cracks
Delamination
Railroads
Fatique cracks
Metal stamping
Cracks
Laminations, inclusions
Fatique cracks
INDUSTRY MATERIALS/
EQUIPMENTS
DEFECTS
Electric power
Chemical and
refineries
Compressors
Vessels and piping
Connecting rods
Seams, lamination, weld
defects
Mining and
quarryng
Fatique crasks
Marine
Hull plate
Propellers shafts
Metallurgy
All metals
Physycal constants,
Grain size
Position
Composition
Thermometry
Density ,porosity
Anisotropy, texture
Pressure
Elastic properties
Viscosity in fluids
Acoustic emission
Imaging , holography
Dynamic force, Vibration,
acceleration
Level
Flowmetry
Location of low- reflectivity
interfaces
ULTRASONICS IN
INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL