Disusun oleh:
Verosa Siregar 1620221186
Dietrichs E, Odin P. Algorithms for the treatment of motor problems in Parkinson’s disease. Acta Neurol Scand. 2017;136:378–385.
EPIDEMIOLOGI
Parkinson merupakan salah satu penyakit
gangguan neurologi tersering, risikonya
sekitar 1% pada usia diatas 60 tahun
Baehr & Frotscher (2010) Diagnosis Topik Neurologi DUUS, Jakarta : EGC
PATOFISIOLOGI
Baehr & Frotscher (2010) Diagnosis Topik Neurologi DUUS, Jakarta : EGC
PARKINSONISM
Idiopatik
Parkinsonism Primer
Penyakit
Parkinson
Paling sering
Parkinsonism Sekunder
dijumpai Drugs Induced,
Infectious,
Parkinson plus
Head Trauma, Dementia syndroma
(Alzheimer ’s
Tumor/paraneo Disease) ,
plastik, Multiple System
Atrophy,
Vascular, Normal Pressure
Toxins, Hydrocephalus,
Progressive
Metabolic, supranuclear palsy,
Hidrocephalus Corticobasal
ganglionic
Anoxic degeneration,
Hereditary
encephalopathy
disorders.
Baehr & Frotscher (2010) Diagnosis Topik Neurologi DUUS, Jakarta : EGC
MANIFESTASI KLINIS
Tremor
Resting tremor, postural tremor
Kasar, 3-7 getaran / detik
Tangan , kaki, badan, bibir
A kinesia
Facial hipomimia, hipofonia
Trunkal kesulitan berjalan
Upper ext mikrografia
P ostural
Hauser, RA (2018) Parkinson disease
Mudah terjatuh
Pada stadium lanjut
DIAGNOSIS
Motor
Pre- classical nigral
motor pathology
Pre- Extranigral pathology
clinical causing symptoms
Spesific pathology is
present with no clinical
signs at all. Potential
imaging andbiomarker
abnormalities may be able
to detect these changes
Khoo TK et al., The Spectrum of Non-motor symptoms in Early Parkinson Disease. Neurology. 2013 Jan 15. 80(3): 276-81
STAGING
Struktural
- Ct scan
- MRI
- USG transkranial
Fungsional
- PET
- SPECT
Baehr & Frotscher (2010) Diagnosis Topik Neurologi DUUS, Jakarta : EGC
STRATEGI TATALAKSANA
Non-Farmakologik
• Nutrisi
• Aktivitas
• Fisioterapi
Farmakologik
• Sistem dopaminergik
• Sistem kolinergik
• Sistem glumataergik
• Neuroprotektor
• Lain lain
Pembedahan
• Terapi fisik
Fisioterapi • Okupasi
• Psikoterapi
Strategi gerak
Strategi keseimbangan
• Melakukan ADL dengan duduk atau berdiri dengan kedu kaki terbuka lebar
dan lengan berpegangan pada dinding
• Hindari eskalator
• Saat berjalan ditempat ramai atau tidak rata harus konsentrasi penuh
Kognitif Kepribadian
Status
mental
Sistem kolinergik
Neuroprotektor
Transplantasi
Depression
Dementia
Suchowersky O, Reich S, Perlmutter J, Zesiewicz T, Gronseth G, Weiner WJ. Practice Parameter: Diagnosis and Prognosis of New Onset
Parkinson Disease: Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. 2006 Apr. 11. 66(&): 968-75