LABORATORIUM
PADA ANEMIA
– Cara sianmethemoglobin
Ht (%) X 10
MCV = fl
Jumlah eritrosit (106/μl)
MCV < N : mikrositik
MCV = N : normositik
MCV > N : makrositik
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)
Hb (g/dl) X 100
MCHC = g/dl
Ht (%)
VI. Jumlah trombosit
• Faktor plasma
– Peningkatan fibrinogen, α2-, β-, γ-Globulin (protein fase
akut) LED cepat. Protein ini menurunkan muatan
negatif eritrosit (zeta potential) mempercepat
pembentukan rouleaux
– Albumin memperlambat sedimentasi Peningkatan
albumin LED lambat
– Kolesterol tinggi --> LED cepat
• Faktor eritrosit
– Peningkatan ratio plasma dan eritrosit seperti pada
anemia mempermudah sedimentasi LED cepat
– Luas permukaan eritrosit yang kecil seperti pada mikrosit
LED lambat
– Perubahan bentuk eritrosit menjadi irregular LED
lambat
• Faktor teknik
– Getaran
– Cahaya Tahap analitik di laboratorium
– Kemiringan tabung
Pendekatan diagnostik Anemia:
• Anamnesis:
onset /bleeding tendency / routine medicinal / occupation /
hobby / travel history / family / diet / GI symptoms /
menstruation cycle / history of previous pregnancy-delivery /
alcohol consumption , etc
• Pemeriksaan fisik :
conjunctiva & lips (pallor) / mouth (cheilosis) / tongue
(glossitis) / gum / nails (koilonychia) , hair (signa de bandera,
alopecia) , jaundice , petechiae , liver & spleen , lymphenodes
,rectal / vaginal toucher , feet (ulcer,arthritis)
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• Pemeriksaan Laboratorium
- CBC (complete blood count )→ to confirm
anemia (Hb, Ht, RBC) & the type of anemia
(MCV; MCH; MCHC)
- Reticulocyte count → reflects marrow’s responses .
- PBS : to look for the RBCs’ shape and any abnormalities of
RBCs besides the other blood cell lines
- Iron status ( Serum Iron ,TIBC, % Transferrin
saturation , Iron storage )
- Blood chemistry ( direct/total bilirubin,LDH
and stool examination for occult blood test , etc) .
PBS: Pheripheral blood smear
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- Radiological examinations ( Chest X-ray,
USG , MRI )
- Cardiological examinations (EKG,Treadmill,
Echocardiography)
Notes ! :
- First confirm Anemia ( Hb , Ht , RBC )
- Classify the anemia (MCV, MCH, MCHC)
- Causes of anemia
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SEDIAAN HAPUSAN DARAH TEPI
TUJUAN
MCV (< N)
Mikrositik
Fe Serum (Ferritin)
Rendah Tinggi
Normal
-An. Peny. Kronik
An. Def. Fe Thalassemia/Hb-pathy -An. Sideroblastik
- Pem. SST tdk mutlak pd An. Def. Fe - Elektroforesis Hb abnormal Pewarnaan besi SST
- Pd setiap pem SST perlu dilakukan - Besi SST abnormal (Ring Sideroblast)
pewarnaan besi
Diagnosis Banding :
An. Def. Fe An. Peny. Thalasemia An. Sidero-
Kronik / blastik
-MCV /N , kdg2
-MCH /N
-MCHC /N
-Fe Serum N
-TIBC N N
-Ferritin serum N N
-Cadangan (-) (+) (+) (+)
besi SST
-Besi (-) (-) (+) Ringed
eritroblast sideroblast
-Elektroforesis N N abnormal N
Hb
TERIMA KASIH
WASSALAM