Sumedi Sudarsono
1. Geometric Mean.
2. Harmonic Mean.
3. Quadratic Mean.
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1. M E A N
Σx
Mean = ----------
n
x1 + x2 + x3 + …….. + xn
Mean = ---------------------------------------
n
Contoh : Sampel lima mhs, ( n = 5 ) ditanya berapa
jumlah saudara kandungnya.
∑ x 5+4+2+6+3
Mean = ------------- = ---------------- = 4
n 5
Mean dapat dihitung secara Aljabar.
Kel A Kel B
Data : 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5, 5, 4.
Mean(A) = (2+3+4+5+6) / 5 = 4
Mean(B) = (5+6+5+5+4) / 5 = 5
Data : 2, 3, 2, 1, 2, 2 (n = 6).
Mean(1) = (2+3+2+1+2+2) / 6 = 2
Mean(2) = (2+3+2+1+2+2+14) / 7 = 4
Σ (x – Mean) = 0
x (x- Mean)
----------------------------------
2 ..
3 ..
4 ..
5 ..
6 ..
-----------------------------------------------
Mean = 4 0 = Σ (x- Mean)
x (x- Mean)
-----------------------------------
2 -2
3 -1
4 .
5 .
6 .
-----------------------------------
Mean = 4 Σ (x- Mean)
Σ (x – Mean) = 0
x (x- Mean)
-----------------------------------
2 -2
3 -1
4 0
5 1
6 2
-----------------------------------
Mean = 4 0 = Σ (x- Mean)
Contoh Soal :
Hitunglah :
(1). Rata-rata hitung = Mean
(2). Minimum
(3). Maksimum
(4). Range
(5). Buatlah Array
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Jawab contoh Soal :
165.25 155.10
163.15 145.25
155.35 170.15
160.10 169.11
173.13 167.15 (n = 10).
Wajib mempunyai :
(1). Scientific Calculator
(2). Tabel Statistik,
Keuntungan Nilai Mean :
Mean(A) = (2+3+4+5+6) / 5 = 4
Mean(B) = (5+6+5+5+4) / 5 = 5
(20)(160) + (60)(170)
------------------------------ = 167.5 Cm ( betul )
20 + 60
--------------------o-----------------------------
1). Geometric Mean
n
G Mean = √ {x1. x2. x3. … xn}
Data : 3, 1, 9.
3
G Mean = √ {3. 1. 9.} = 3
Geometric Mean
Data : 3, 5, 6, 6, 7, 10, 12 ( n = 7 ).
7
G = √ {(3)(5)(6)(6)(7)(10)(12)}
Log G = 1/7(Log 453600)
= 1/7 (5.6567) = 0.8081
G = 6.428
1. Menghitungnya susah.
2. Tidak dikenal secara luas.
3. Tidak dpt dihitung bila ada nilai nol atau
negatif.
2). Harmonic Mean
1 ∑ 1/x 1
---------- = -------- = ------ ∑ 1/x
H mean n n
Harmonic Mean
Data : 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
1 ½+1/3+1/4+1/5+1/6
------- = ------------------------- = 0.29
H mean 5
Data : 2, 3. 4, 5, 6.
∑x2
Q mean = √ { -------- }
n
90
Q mean = √ { -------- } = 4.243
5
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Next : Median
2. M E D I A N
1. Suatu nilai rata-rata posisi.
2. Nilai paling di tengah dari suatu array.
3. Rumus posisi Median = (n+1)/2.
4. Tidak dipengaruhi oleh nilai ekstrim.
5. Dipengaruhi oleh banyaknya n.
6. Semua kumpulan data dpt dihitung nilai median
Data : 2, 3, 4, 5, 14 Median = 4 (n = 5)
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Next : Mode
3. M O D U S = M O D E
The value which occurs most frequently.
Mode ialah nilai yg paling sering muncul
dalam suatu agregate (kumpulan data).
1,2,2,2,3,5 Mode = 2
3,3,7,8,12,16
3,3,4,5,6,7,7,
4,6,8,10,13,15,17
Mode ialah nilai yg paling sering muncul
dalam suatu agregate (kumpulan data).
1,2,2,2,3,5 Mode = 2
3,3,7,8,12,16 Mode = 3
3,3,4,5,6,7,7,
4,6,8,10,13,15,17
1,2,2,2,3,5 Mode = 2
3,3,7,8,12,16 Mode = 3
3,3,4,5,6,7,7. Mode = 3 dan 7
4,6,8,10,13,15,17
1,2,2,2,3,5 Mode = 2
3,3,7,8,12,16 Mode = 3
3,3,4,5,6,7,7, Mode = 3 dan 7
4,6,8,10,13,15,17 Mode = Tidak ada.
Hitunglah :
Mean,
Median,
Mode
Data : 6, 4, 5, 5, 4, 4, 2, 3, 2, 3.
∑x 6+4+5+5+4+4+2+3+2+3.
Mean = -------- = ----------------------------------
n 10
Mean = 3.8
Mode = 4
=====o0o=====
Descriptive Statistics
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Next : Variabilitas
(2). V A R I A B I L I T A S
1. Range = Rentangan.
2. Mean Deviation = MD.
3. Variance = Varians.
4. Standard Deviation = SD = Simpang baku = s.
5. Standard Error = SE.
6. Coefficient of Variation = COV.
7. Quartiles, Quintiles, Deciles, Percentiles.
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Nilai Variabilitas
nilai Penyebaran
nilai Pancaran
nilai Taburan
nilai Dispersi
1. R A N G E
1, 3, 2, 4, 7, 16 --- Range = 16 – 1 = 15
23,25,28,37,38 --- Range = 38 – 23 = 15
Range
Mid Range.
1 + 13
Mid Range = ------------ = 7
2
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Variabilitas
1. Range = Rentangan.
2. Mean Deviation = MD. .
3. Variance = Varians.
4. Standard Deviation = SD = Simpang baku = s.
5. Standard Error = SE.
6. Coefficient of Variation = COV.
7. Quartiles, Quintiles, Deciles, Percentiles.
2. MEAN DEVIATION
Berapa besar nilai-nilai data menyimpang
thd nilai Mean
x (x-Mean)
--------------------------------
2 -2
3 -1
4 0
5 1
6 2
----------------------------
Mean = 4 0 = Σ (x-Mean)
2. MEAN DEVIATION
∑(x – mean)2 10
Varians = ------------------- = ------- = 2.5
n–1 4
Variabilitas
1. Range = Rentangan.
2. Mean Deviation = MD.
3. Variance = Varians.
4. Standard Deviation = SD = Simpang baku =
s.
5. Standard Error = SE.
6. Coefficient of Variation = COV.
7. Quartiles, Quintiles, Deciles, Percentiles.
3. V A R I A N C E
∑(x – Mean) 2
Varians = ------------------- = 2.5
n-1
Variance
1. Range = Rentangan.
2. Mean Deviation = MD.
3. Variance = Varians.
4. Standard Deviation = SD = Simpang baku = s.
5. Standard Error = SE.
6. Coefficient of Variation = COV.
7. Quartiles, Quintiles, Deciles, Percentiles.
4. STANDARD DEVIATION
(SIMPANG BAKU)
1. Merupakan ukuran Variabilitas yg terbaik.
2. Nilainya setaraf dg nilai sebenarnya.
3. Besar simpang baku = akar dari Variance.
∑(x – mean) 2
s = √ { ---------------- } = √ 2.5 = 1.581
n–1
σn-1 = 1.581
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Standard Deviation
1. Range = Rentangan.
2. Mean Deviation = MD.
3. Variance = Varians.
4. Standard Deviation = SD = Simpang baku = s.
5. Standard Error = SE.
6. Coefficient of Variation = COV.
7. Quartiles, Quintiles, Deciles, Percentiles.
5. STANDARD ERROR
SD 1.581
SE = ---------- = ----------- = 0.707
√n √5
Variabilitas
1. Range = Rentangan.
2. Mean Deviation = MD.
3. Variance = Varians.
4. Standard Deviation = SD = Simpang baku = s.
5. Standard Error = SE.
6. Coefficient of Variation = COV.
7. Quartiles, Quintiles, Deciles, Percentiles.
6. COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION
s 1.581
COV = --------- (100%) = ---------- = 39.5 %
Mean 4
COV TB = (8/160)x100% = 5 %.
COV BB = (11/55)x100% = 20 %
Simpulan BB lebih bervariasi dp TB.
Array : 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6
(1). Range = 6 – 2 = 4.
s 1.316
(5). Standard Error = --------- = ---------- = 0.416
√n √ 10
s
(6). Cov = --------- (100%) = 34.63 %
Mean
=========================
Variabilitas
1. Range = Rentangan.
2. Mean Deviation = MD.
3. Variance = Varians.
4. Standard Deviation = SD = Simpang baku = s.
5. Standard Error = SE.
6. Coefficient of Variation = COV.
7. Quartiles, Quintiles, Deciles, Percentiles.
7.(1). QUARTILES
3(n+1)
Q3 = ----------- |--------|--------|--------|--------|
4 Q1 Q2 Q3
Quartiles Deviation =
Semi Inter Quartiles Range.
Q3 – Q1
QD = ----------------
2
7. (2) QUINTILES
(n+1) 2(n+1)
Posisi Quintile(1) = -------- Quin(2) = --------
5 5
7.(3). DECILES
(n+1) 2(n+1)
Posisi D1 = ---------- D2 = ------------
10 10
5(n+1) n+1
Posisi D5 = ----------- = ----------- Ini Posisi ?
10 2
7. (4). PERCENTILES
n+1 2(n+1)
Posisi P1 = ---------- P2 = ------------
100 100
50(n+1) n+1
P50 = -------------- = --------- Ini Posisi ?
100 2
Soal :
Data : 6, 4, 5, 5, 4, 4, 2, 3, 2, 3.
Array : 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6
(1). Quartiles pertama.
n+1
Posisi Q1 = ---------- = 11 / 4 = 2.75
4
Array : 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6
x : 1 = 0.75 : 1
x = 0.75 Q1 = 2.75
(2). Quartiles ke tiga.
3(n + 1)
Posisi Q3 = ---------- = 33 / 4 = 8.25
4
Array : 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6
Q1 = 2.75
Q2 = 4
Q3 = 5
=====o0o=====
(3). SKEWNESS = KEMIRINGAN
3(Mean – Median)
4.Coef of skewness = -----------------------
SD
3. SKEWED TO THE LEFT
3(Mean – Median)
Coeff of Skewness = -------------------------
SD
(4). KURTOSIS = PEAKNESS =
KERAMPINGAN
Data : 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
1. ∑x = ?
2. ∑x2 = ?
3. Mean = ?
4. Simpang baku = ?
5. Varians = ?
Jawab :
1. ∑x = 20
2. ∑x2 = 90
3. Mean = 4
4. Simpang baku = 1.581
5. Variance = 2.50