PENYAKIT AKIBAT KERJA

(OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES)

Kepres
Penyakit Yang
22 tahun 1993 Disebabkan
Penyakit Yang Timbul Oleh Pekerjan
Karena Hubungan Kerja
Atau
Lingkungan
Permennakertrans Kerja
No. Per. 01/Men/1981

Penyakit Akibat Kerja

 PENYAKIT AKIBAT KERJA

 Artifisial = timbulnya karena adanya pekerjaan

 Man made Diseases = penyakit buatan manusia
 Dapat dicegah
 Terdapat sebab-sebab
 PAK mendapatkan kompensasi (compensable)
 CARA DETEKSI
PENYAKIT AKIBAT KERJA

Monitoring Kesehatan TK (Rikes awal, Monitoring Lingkungan Kerja

berkala, khusus)
Environmental Monitoring
• Riwayat penyakit Biological Monitoring
• Riwayat pekerjaan
• Pemeriksaan klinik
• Pemeriksaan lab
• Pemeriksaan Khusus
• Hubungan penyakit
dengan pekerjaan
 FAKTA DAN MASALAH

Monitoring
Monitoring
Kesehatan
LK
TK
 Genetic Multiplicity of
factors exposure
Lifestyle
Duration of
Age exposure

WORK- Workplace
Workers’
Factors Physical
Susceptibility RELATED properties
Race DISEASE
Magnitude of
Gender exposure
Medical Timing of
history exposure

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

Pertanyaan
 PENDAHULUAN
Penyakit Akibat Kerja maupun Penyakit Yang Timbul Karena
Hubungan Kerja mempunyai pengertian yang sama yaitu
penyakit yang disebabkan oleh pekerjaan atau lingkungan
kerja.

Dengan kata lain, Penyakit Akibat Kerja sama dengan Penyakit

Yang Timbul Karena Hubungan Kerja

Penyakit Akibat kerja adalah istilah yang dipakai dalam

peraturan yang dibuat atas dasar Undang-Undang Nomor 1
Tahun 1970 tentang Keselamatan Kerja

PAHK sesuai dengan Keppres RI no 22/1993

DIAGNOSIS PAK

Anamnesis tentang riwayat penyakit dan

riwayat pekerjaan.
Pemeriksaan Klinis
Pemeriksaan Laboratorium
Pemeriksaan Rontgen
Pemeriksaan Tempat dan Ruang Kerja.
 Hazard
 Suatu zat yang berpotensi menimbulkan
kerusakan/ penyakit
 WORKPLACE HAZARDS
Safety Hazards
 working conditions where harm
to the workers is of an
immediate and violent nature
 result in broken bones, cuts,
bruises, sprains, loss of limbs,
etc.
 the harm results in some kind of
injury to the worker
 associated with poorly guarded
or dangerous equipment and
machinery
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
Health Hazards
 working conditions which result
in an illness
 exposure to dangerous
substances or conditions, such
as chemicals, gases, dusts, noise
etc.
 often, latency between exposure
and disease
 Exposure

 ditandai adanya kontak dengan hazard

 Exposure adalah kombinasi dari
› Magnitude (kadar paparan )
› Frequency ( tingkat keseringan)
› Duration (lama paparan)
 Risk
 Likelihood that an agent will cause harm in the
actual circumstances of exposure

Hazard Exposure
 HAZARD AND RISK
 HAZARD  RISK
- any source of - the chance or
potential damage, probability that a
harm or adverse person will be
health effects on harmed or experience
something or an adverse health
someone under effect if exposed to a
certain conditions at hazard.
work.

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

Health Risk = Hazard x Exposure

Exposure

Hazard
 PHYSICAL
HAZARD

ERGONOMIC CHEMICAL
HAZARD HAZARD

BIOLOGICAL
HAZARD

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

 HAZARDS AT WORKPLACE
 Physical
 Chemical
 Biological
 Psychosocial
 Ergonomics
 Mechanical
 Classes of Hazards

Health hazard
The potential to cause harm to health

Chemical Psychological

Physical Ergonomic
Biological
 • Bacteria
Occupational Hazards • Fungi • Manual handling
• Insects • Repetitive movement
• Viruses • Restrictive working area

• Noise
• Vibration
• Radiation
BIOLOGICAL ERGONOMICAL
• Lighting
• Heat PHYSICAL
• Cold CHEMICAL PSYCHOLOGICAL
• Fibres
• Dusts
• Fumes • Job stress
• Gases • Job monotony
• Aerosols • Unsociable hours
• Mists • Job organization
• Liquids
• Vapours
 1. Chemical Hazards
Routes of entry into the body
Inhalation Skin Contact

Ingestion

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

 Chemical Hazards
Routes of excretion

Gastro-intestinal Renal (urine) Respiratory Skin (sweat, hair, nails)

(feces) (exhalation)

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

 CHEMICAL HAZARDS

 Solvents which may be present in

the working environment
 Dusts (sand, asbestos, cotton) as gases, vapours,
mists/aerosols, fumes,
 Paints dusts, liquids or solids.
 Pharmaceuticals
 Pesticides
 Metal fumes
 Acids & Alkali
2. PHYSICAL HAZARDS

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

Physical Hazards
 Noise

 Vibration

 Extreme Temperature

 Illumination

 Radiation

BOSH Training 2009 OSHC

Physical hazards
 Physical hazards
 Fall from heights e.g. scaffolding, high building
 Slips and trips
 Objects falling from cranes
 Dangerous heavy machinery
 Electrocution
 Confined spaces
BOSH Training 2009 OSHC
3. Biological hazards
 BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

 Bacteria
 Fungi – mold
 Virus – Bird Flu, Influenza, SARS
 Blood-borne pathogen - HIV, AIDS, Hepatitis
 Tuberculosis

e.g. farmers, health care workers, animal handlers

4. Psychosocial hazards
 Psychosocial hazards
 Work-related stress – excessive working time,
overwork, burnout
 Bullying – emotional, verbal
 Sexual harassment
 Violence at work
 Body odour
 Health effects:
› Occupational Stress, Anxiety, Depression
› Cardiovascular Disorders, GI Disorders
› Drug abuse, smoking
 5. ERGONOMIC FACTORS

• Working postures / chairs

• Space per work shift

• Working surface height

• Reach / machine feeding

• Space between machines

• Stress physical load

 ERGONOMIC FACTORS
 Lifting heavy loads/frequent bending/repetitive &
monotonous work

 Design of tools

 Displays and instructions

 Mental overload / visibilty

 Health Effects
 Musculo-skeletal disorders
 Backache/back strain/neck strain
 Repetitive strain injuries (RSI)
 Carpel tunnel syndrome

e.g. factory workers, Health care workers,

electronic, garment workers, VDU operators
 6. MECHANICAL HAZARDS
 Outdated machines

 Unsafe designs

 Complex / sophiscated machinery

 Poor maintenance

 Slippery /wet floors

Health effects: cut/crush injuries,fractures,fb eye

SELAMAT BELAJAR
SEMOGA SUKSES
AMIN
 Bagaimana menilai tingkat Risiko
 Bagaimana mengenali suatu hazard
 Bagaimana kita melakukan identifikasi hazard di
tempat kerja
 Bagaimana kita memperkirakan adanya Risiko
kesehatan dan atau kecelakaan di tempat kerja