NON VERBAL

COMMUNICATION
• Perilaku
nonverbal
memainkan
peran penting
dalam
komunikasi
manusia
– Fungsi pesan nonverbal :
1. Memperkuat pesan verbal
2. Bertentangan pesan verbal - nada
suara yang terdengar marah ketika
Anda sedang tidak marah
3. Mengatur percakapan
4. Suplemen atau mengganti pesan
verbal
5. Membangun hubungan baik dengan
orang lain
 -
• Mehrabian , 1972:
93 persen dari semua
makna sosial dalam
komunikasi tatap
muka disampaikan
melalui isyarat
nonverbal
• Komunikasi nonverbal sebagai " pesan
diam" yang menyertai pesan verbal tapi
juga bisa berdiri sendiri .
• Komunikasi nonverbal menyampaikan
perasaan di balik pesan dan biasanya
terlihat dalam postur seseorang , ekspresi
wajah , penampilan , infleksi vokal , jarak
interpersonal antara komunikator , dan
lingkungan .
• Perbedaan lintas budaya juga dapat
mempengaruhi komunikasi nonverbal
• Komunikasi Antar Budaya memberi batasan –
batasan :
• Komunikasi non verbal adalah komunikasi
tanpa kata
• Komunikasi non verbal terjadi bila individu
berkomunikasi tanpa menggunakan suara
• Setiap hal yg dilakukan seseorang yg diberi
makna oleh orang lain
• Studi mengenai ekspresi wajah, sentuhan,
gerak isyarat, bau, perilaku mata dll.
 Types of Nonverbal Communication

• Wajah Tubuh : Mimik muka, gerak tubuh, kontak

mata, sentuhan dsb
• Isyarat paralinguistik seperti kenyaringan ,
tingkat berbicara , nada , kata seru , variasi
pitch, penggunaan jeda dapat memiliki pengaruh
besar pada apakah dan bagaimana seseorang
bereaksi terhadap individu
 I.PARALANGUAGE
• Paralanguage mengacu pada setiap pesan
yang menyertai dan bahasa suplemen
• Cara bagaimana orang mengucapkan
lambang – lambang verbal.
• Petunjuk verbal menunjukkan apa yg
diucapkan
• Paralinguistik mencerminkan bagaimana
cara mengucapkannya.
 WAJAH
• The Face is a central
aspect of one’s
appearance
• Providing the primary
source of information
as to one’s emotional
state :
happines,fear,surpri
se, sadnes,
anger,disgust,
contempt, interest
Komunikasi Wajah /Facial
expressions :
Adalah gerakan –
gerakan wajah yang akan
dikomunikasikan dalam
hubungan antar pribadi
untuk mengekspresikan
emosi. Ada delapan
kategori komunikasi
wajah : bahagia, sedih,
terkejut, takut, marah,
muak, jijik, rasa tertarik.
Facial expressions
may be unintentional
or intentional.
 EYE GAZE
• The eyes are perhaps the most important
component of the facial system in terms of
communication
• Based on direction and duration of eye
gaze, or the absence thereof, cues
provided that serve as the basis of
inferences as to : interest, readiness to
interact, attraction
• Pupil size may also to be important
• Pupil of the eye can be an indication of
interest or attraction
 Eye Communication

• Monitor Feedback
• Secure Attention and Interest
• Regulate or Control
Conversation
• Signal Nature of Relationship
• Signal Status and Aggression
• Compensate for Distance
• Eye contact, an important
channel of interpersonal
communication, helps
regulate the flow of
communication.
• And it signals interest in
others. Furthermore, eye
contact with audiences
increases the speaker's
credibility. Teachers who
make eye contact open the
flow of communication and
convey interest, concern,
warmth and credibility.
• Eye contact -- Degree,
frequency: staring, quick
glances, none, etc.
• Effect of Positive Eye Contact
Interested and attentive
Friendly and approachable
Honest and straightforward

Effect of Negative Eye Contact

Disinterested and remote

Arrogant and proud
Shifty and Untrustworthy
•If you roll your Pleasant, direct eye contact is
eyes you might as maintained by looking at the
well say, 'I'm so area between the nose and
over what you're mouth and occasionally to the
saying' eyes
 THE BODY
• Appearance plays an important role in
interpersonal relations, particularly in
initial impression
• Physical attractiveness is not only
important to dating preferences but also is
often a predictor of how
successful,popular, sociable, credible,
etc
• A number of factor contribute to
appearance : hair, physique,
dress,adorment, artifacts
 Hair
• Hair and beard length,color,
and style also important
non verbal message
sources
• There factors contribute to
overall attractiveness
• May also serve as the basis
of inferences as to one’s
personality,age,
occupation,attitudes,
beliefs, and values
 PHYSIQUE
• Physique include : body type, size
and shape
• Who appear to be soft,round &
overweight (endomorphs)---
affectionate,calm,
cheerful,extroverted, forgiving, kind,
warm
• Who appear to be muscular,bony, and
athletic – looking (mesomorph)-
active, argumentative, assertive,
competitive, confident, dominant,
optimistic
• People who are thin & thin in
appearance ( ectomorph) -- aloof,
anxious, cautious,cool,
introspective,meticulous,sensitive, shy
 Dress & Adorment
• Dress fulfills a number of
functions for us humans, self-
assertion, self denial,
concealment, group identification,
display of status or role
• Cosmetics, jewerlry,eyeglasses,
tattoos, hair waves, false
eyelashes, body piercings
• Our social idendity and image
is defined, sustained and
positively or negatively
modified by communication
through appearance
 Artifacts
• Technology, furniture, decorative
items.
• Cars, home -- objects –that
provide from which other my draw
inferences about our financial
resources, aesthetic preferences,
personality, status, occupation
 GESTURES-KINESIC
• Movement of body, head, arms, legs,
or feet - Kinesics - also play
important role in human
communication
• Gesture, be purposeful – messages
which are intended to achieve a
particular purpose ---- or incidental
and unintended
• Gestures
.
In the video A World of Gestures, people from all over the world demonstrate
the remarkable
diversity of international gestures.
Can you guess the meaning of this Japanese gesture?
a. I'm scared like a bunny
b. I've been hearing things about you
c. I'm angry
In A World of Gestures, we see
this gesture performed by a
woman from Iran. Can
you guess what this Iranian
gesture means?
a. Good luck to you
b. You will always be number one
for me
c. "Screw You" (obscene)
In A World of Gestures, this woman
from France demonstrates this
gesture.
Can you try to guess
what this French gesture means?
a. I don't believe you
b. I wish I hadn't seen that
c. I am looking at a very handsome
man
 A clenched fist usually
indicates angry and
frustrated emotions but can
Greetings/Farewells -- How also be used to signify
are they done? Brief? With success when the arm is
warmth, or formality? thrust upwards with a
clenched fist
 • Touching your face can
indicate tense and nervous
"peace" and "okay." behaviour, or indicate
confusion or embarrassment.
 TOUCH
• Touch is another source of messages that
plays a central role in greetings, the
expression of intimacy, and acts of
aggression
• Level of contact and comfort with touching
vary to some extent from one culture to
another
• Haptics the study of how we use touch
to communicate
 III. Proxemics

• Proxemics the communication of space and

proximity.
• Edward T. Hall (1963) mengenalkan istilah
Proxemics.
• Proxemics merupakan cara bagaimana
orang – orang yang terlibat dalam
suatu tindak komunikasi berusaha
untuk merasakan dan menggunakan
ruang ( space).
• Skala jarak social, digunakan untuk
mengukur tingkat kesukaan atau pilihan
Proxemic Distances
 Proxemics
• Fluctuations in each category depend
on a number of factors: the culture
in which conversation takes
places,the ages of
interactants,topic being
discussed, setting, nature of the
relationships, attitutes and
feeling of individual
 Body positioning and the way space is used play
important roles in human interaction
• Slouching communicates • '
• 'I'm so not interested in being here

Good posture
communicates, 'I
am listening and
paying attention'
• Physical environment : building,furniture,
décor, lighting, cilor schemes result of human
decision making -- elements of our physical
environment also serve a number of
informational functions.
• Directing behaviour: each environment with its
furniture, décor, color serves as a source of
information that may impact on the people
present.
• Provide symbolic value : structures and their
contents, by virtue of their size, shape, use of
space, décor, may also symbolic significance for
us
• Regulating : environment may also provide the
basis for information that regulates-encourages
or discourages - interaction
 Faktor – faktor yang
mempengaruhi
komunikasi ruang
• Status : orang dengan status setara menjaga
jarak yg lbh dekat dengan daripada orang dng
status berbeda.
• Konteks: makin besar ruang fisik tempat kita
berada, makin kecil jarak pribadi.
• Kultur
• Masalah yang dibahas: bicara masalah pribadi,
jarak makin dekat.
• Usia dan Jenis kelamin
• Evaluasi positif dan negatif : menjaga jarak
lbh jauh antara kita dng kita nilai negatif.
 Cultural Use of Space

In North American corporate offices, for instance, the boss is usually physically isolated
in a very separate private room.  
This tends to minimize his or her personal contact with ordinary workers.
 In contrast,
Japanese offices commonly are set up with the boss's desk at the end of a row of
pushed
together desks used by subordinate employees.  This maximizes his interaction with
them.
• The objects of our
physical environment
also serve as non
verbal information
sources, providing
clues as to how they
are to be understood,
related to, and
whether and how
they are to be used
KOMUNIKASI TEMPORAL /CHRONEMICS
• menyangkut penggunaan waktu
bagaimana kita mengaturnya,
bagaimana bereaksi dan pesan
yang dikomunikasikan
 TIME
• Time, timing, timeliness can also be significant in the
communication process.
• The way time is shared in conversation
• Timing plays a role in interaction at two levels of
analysis : (1) micro, (2) macro
• Micro conversational time- use characteristic : the
speed at which we talk, the number and extend
of pauses and interruptions, our “talk –to-
silence” ratio, our patterns of conversational
“turn taking”.
• There factors can play an important role in term of
message transmission, reception and interpretation
• Too little talking - disinterest
• Macrolevel : general decisions as to whether to even
engage in conversation at a particular point in time
• Timeliness-being “late” or “early”- be a potential
information source
• The meaning of verbal & non verbal
messages depend not only on the messages
that are available but also on our individual
ways of processing information and on
our social interactions with others
• Our verbal & non verbal behaviours –
some intentionally enacted-create a pool
of messages that is part of the
environment that surrounds us
• !"
Nord Chinese gesture for "Thank you for
serving me!"

South Chinese gesture for "Thank you for

serving me!"