TRANSLASI

DEFINISI

 Translasi merupakan proses penerjemahan suatu kode

genetik menjadi protein yang sesuai.
 Kode genetik tersebut berupa kodon di sepanjang
molekul mRNA, sebagai penerjemahnya tRNA. tRNA
membawa asam amino.
 Translasi berlangsung di dalam sitoplasma dan ribosom.
ISTILAH-ISTILAH DALAM PROSES TRANSLASI
 Kodon
mRNA yang akan diterjemahkan
 Anti-kodon
Bagian ujung bebas RNAt yang telah diaktifkan yang dapat mengikat
asam amino.
 Faktor inisiasi (IF)
Menyatukan semua mRNA, tRNA start, sub unit ribosom kecil, dan
diikuti oleh peletakan sub unit ribosom besar.
 Enzim aminoasil-tRNA sintetase
Enzim yang digunakan untuk mengaktivasi asam amino terikat ke tRNA
yang sesuai.
 tRNA
Penerjemah pesan yang dibawa serangkaian kodon di sepanjang molekul
mRNA
 Ribosom
Tempat penterjemahan berlangsung/proses translasi, disusun oleh
molekul rRNA dan beberapa macam protein, ribosom tersebar diseluruh
bagian sel
PROSES TRANSLASI TRANSCRIPTION DNA
1 RNA is transcribed
from a DNA template.
3

5 RNA RNA
transcript polymerase
RNA PROCESSING Exon
2
In eukaryotes, the RNA transcript
RNA transcript (pre- (pre-mRNA)
mRNA) is spliced and Intron
modified to produce
mRNA, which moves Aminoacyl-tRNA
from the nucleus to the synthetase
cytoplasm. NUCLEUS

Amino
FORMATION OF acid
INITIATION COMPLEX AMINO ACID ACTIVATION
tRNA
CYTOPLASM 3 After leaving the 4
Each amino acid
nucleus, mRNA attaches attaches to its proper tRNA
to the ribosome. with the help of a specific
enzyme and ATP.
mRNA Growing
polypeptide
Activated
amino acid

Ribosomal
subunits

5
TRANSLATION
5
A succession of tRNAs
E A add their amino acids to
A A A Anticodon the polypeptide chain
as the mRNA is moved
U G GU U U A U G
through the ribosome
one codon at a time.
Codon (When completed, the
polypeptide is released
from the ribosome.)
Ribosome
TRANSCRIPTION DNA

mRNA
Ribosome
TRANSLATION
Polypeptide

Amino
acids
Polypeptide

tRNA with
amino acid
attached
Ribosome

Gly

tRNA

Anticodon
A A A
U G G U U U G G C

5 Codons 3
mRNA
 Release
factor
Free
polypeptide

5
3 3
3
5 5

Stop codon
(UAG, UAA, or UGA)
PERBEDAAN TRANSLASI PADA SEL
EUKARIOTIK DAN PROKARIOTIK

EUKARIOTIK

Nuclear
envelope

DNA
TRANSCRIPTION

RNA PROCESSING
Pre-mRNA

mRNA

Ribosome
TRANSLATION Eukaryotic
(b)cell. The nucleus provides a separate
compartment for transcription. The original RNA
Polypeptide
transcript, called pre-mRNA, is processed in various
Figure 17.3b ways before leaving the nucleus as mRNA.
PERBEDAAN TRANSLASI PADA
SEL EUKARIOTIK DAN
PROKARIOTIK

PROKARIOTIK

DNA
TRANSCRIPTION

mRNA
Ribosome
TRANSLATION

Polypeptide

(a) Prokaryotic cell. In a cell lacking a nucleus, mRNA

produced by transcription is immediately translated
without additional processing.