02 RUMUSAN MASALAH
03 TEORI
04 HIPOTESIS
05 PEMBAHASAN
PENDAHULUAN
Timur Tengah merupakan sebuah wilayah yang menjadi
penghubung antara Benua Eropa dan juga Benua Asia. Secara
etnocultural, penggolongan untuk negara-negara yang berada di
kawasan Timur Tengah di dominasi oleh bangsa Arab, sementara jika
di tilik dari etnoreligius, sebagian besar dari kawasan Timur Tengah
di dominasi oleh pengaruh agama Islam.
Negara-negara di kawasan Timur Tengah memiliki dinamika
dalam banyak bidang seperti ekonomi, politik, sosial, maupun
budaya. Kawasan Timur tengah memiliki cadangan SDA berupa
minyak dan gas alam yang begitu melimpah.
Kawasan ini tentu tidak luput dari berbagai konflik dan bahkan
konflik ini sudah ada semenjak dekade ke-20. Beberapa penyebab
konflik pada kawasan Timur Tengah ini dapat diakibatkan oleh
berbagai faktor, mulai dari geopolitik, ekonomi, sampai ideologi.
Contohnya seperti konflik antara Iran dan Irak di perairan Shatt al-
Arab.
Kawasannya berada di antara tiga benua, Asia, Afrika dan
Eropa, secara otomatis menjadi penghubung ketiga benua
tersebut dan menjadi penting bagi strategi ekonomi,
perdagangan serta pertahanan global.
Perjanjian ini berfokus pada dua masalah utama, yakni demarkasi (batas
pemisah) antara daratan dan perairan, dan pelaksanaan kontrol perbatasan
yang ketat. Perjanjian tersebut membagi rata antara sungai Shatt al-Arab
antara Irak dan Iran, yang kemudian berfungsi sebagai dasar untuk
perjanjian bilaeral lainnya, termasuk hubungan ekonomi.
TIMELINE
1990 1994
Perang Iran-Irak telah usai, namun Pada bulan Oktober 1994, Irak memindahkan beberapa pasukan
bukan berarti konflik di Timur Tengah Republik ke Kuwait, yang mendorong pengerahan besar-besaran
telah usai. Irak, sebagai negara besar, pasukan AS ke Teluk untuk mencegah serangan Iran. Langkah ini
menginvasi tetangganya yang lebih dianggap sebagai tanda bahwa Saddam frustrasi dengan sanksi
kecil, Kuwait pada tanggal 2 Agustus lanjutan yang dijatuhkan oleh Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, tetapi
1990.Hal ini semata-mata karena Irak sejak itu dia mengambil garis yang lebih moderat dan setuju untuk
ingin memperluas garis pantainya guna mengakui keberadaan dan perbatasan Kuwait. Pada tahun 1995,
memperluas kepentingan perdagangan Saddam berjanji untuk bekerja sama sepenuhnya dengan Komite
minyaknya, termasuk keberadaan dua Khusus Komisi Perlucutan Senjata PBB untuk mencegah para
pulau, yakni Valba dan Bubiyan pembelot mengungkapkan informasi. pada waktu yang sama,
Prancis dan Rusia telah mendesak pelonggaran sanksi
DAMPAK DARI ISU
Dalam Perang Irak-Irak, korban tewas Irak melebihi 200.000, sementara jumlah
kematian Iran melebihi 1 juta. Angka ini tidak termasuk korban luka parah dan
penyakit "Sindrom Perang Teluk". Sementara Perang yang terjadi di teluk Persia itu
yang dilakukan oleh Iran-Irak pastinya mengakibatkan suatu efek buruk yang
mengakibatkan berbagai Negara melakukan intervensi seperti Amerika serkat dan
Rusia.
Dalam kurun waktu yang cukup panjang perang teluk menyebabkan terjadinya
fluktuasi harga minyak dunia, mengakibatkan krisis politik dan juga disintegrasi sosial
dikawasan timur tengah, adanya gangguan pelayaran internasional di kawasan teluk
Persia yang menjadi tempat konflik perbatasan.
Faktor-faktor yang telah dijelaskan melatarbelakangi terbentuknya kebijakan luar
negeri Iran dan Irak terhadap politik luar negeri mereka, Sehingga kedua Negara
membuat suatu kebijakan luar negeri berupa Perjanjian Aljazair.
KESIMPULAN
Timur Tengah merupakan suatu wilayah yang memiliki keragaman ras dan
budaya, memiliki SDA berupa minyak bumi dan gas alam yang melimpah beserta
keunggulan lainnya. Namun di balik itu semua kerap terjadi konflik yang mewarnai
perjalanan bebrapa negara di kawasan tersebut. Hal tersebut terjadi karena berbagai
faktor seperti ideologi, ekonomi, maupun geopolitik. Salah satu konflik yang pernah
terjadi karena masalah geopolitik ialah konflik di Shatt al-Arab yang melibatkan Irak
dan juga Iran. Irak yang notabene memiliki garis pantai yang sempit tidak bisa
melakukan perdagangan minyak melalui jalur laut. Karena itulah Irak berambisi untuk
menguasai wilayah Shatt al-Arab tersebut, namun Iran bersikeras untuk
mempertahankan wilayahnya sendiri, alhasil konflik pun terjadi. Oleh karena itu kedua
negara memutuskan untuk menciptakan suatu perjanjian internasional guna
merespon konflik tersebut. Perjanjian itu dinamakan sebagai perjanjian Aljazair atau
Algiers Agreement tahun 1975.
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