Kacang Soya
Kacang Soya
• Berbentuk glubus
• Kotilidon berwarna kuning / hijau
Biji • Julat berat 100 biji adalah 5-40 g
CIRI-CIRI BOTANI
• Pokok kacang soya yang matang setinggi 60
sentimeter (sm) akan mengeluarkan bunga
berbentuk rama-rama berwarna ungu.
• Bunga keluar di bawah ketiak daun antara 31
dan 40 hari selepas ditanam.
BUNGA
LENGAI
KATEGORI KACANG SOYA
• Kacang belum matang (Edamame): kacang soya besar
yang dituai awal, apabila kacang masih hijau. Manis.
Boleh ditambah kepada salad atau sup atau hidangan
nasi.
• Kacang soya matang segar(mature): kacang soya matang
berwarna coklat dan dituai apabila telah matang
sepenuhnya.
• Kacang soya kering: kacang soya kering, yang boleh
didapati di kedai-kedai makanan kesihatan masa yang
lama sebelum memasak.
• Kacang soya: kacang soya panggang yang menyerupai
kacang adalah tinggi dalam lemak.
MKS 1
• Tinggi pokok : 70 cm
• Tempoh matang : 70 hari
• Batang berbulu jarang
• Daun bujur
• Bilangan biji dalam lengai kebanyakan 2
• Panjang lengai 2-5.5cm
• Warna biji hijau muda semasa segar
• Berat biji 50 gm /100 biji
• Varieti yang disyorkan di Malaysia
Varieti Lain
• Palmetto
• NK3
• Improved Pelican
• Bossier
• Hardee
• Tankuro (black soybean)
• Lucky lion (green soybean)
• Kouri (brown soybean)
• Beer friend (red soybean)
Minyak soya
Coarse-
textured
Strongly alkaline Organic
weathere
soil
d
Micronutrients
are not applied
to soybean
fields except:
Iron deficiency occurs on:
Calcareous
soils
Soils with
pH above
7.3
Weed Control
• Soybeans cannot compete with weeds in the
early part of the growing season
• Herbicides, or cultivation, or both, are often
needed to control weeds until the soybeans
have developed enough canopy to provide
more competition
• As soon as soybeans fill in the rows, weeds are
suppressed.
Irrigation
• Responds when rainfall is limited.
• Abundant water while early vegetative stages
= excessive vegetative growth, increase
lodging.
• Water is adequate
= should be delayed until flowering
• Soybean is very sensitive to excess moisture
and the crop is affected, if water stagnates in
the fields.
• The crop should not suffer due to water stress
from flowering and maturity.
Large nodules on soybean roots which show
that proper nitrogen-fixing bacteria are present
Disease
DISEASE SYMPTHOM PREVENTION
Frog eye leaf spot - Lesions are reddish in - Planting resistant varieties.
- Caused by Cercospora colour but changes to brown
sojina. and then to smoky gray.
Brown spot - Angular reddish-brown - Crop rotation.
- Caused by Septoria spots at leaves, stem and - Crop residues should be
glycines. pods. plowed under.
- Causes early defoliation.
Target spot - Reddish-brown spots that - Planting resistant varieties.
- Caused by Cornespora are encircled.
casucola.
Downy mildew - Leaves are covered with - Crop rotation.
- Caused by Peronospora mildew growth. - Plowing under residue.
manchurica. - Planting disease-free seed.
NEMATODE
• Root-knot nematode cause knot-like swellings or galls on
the roots.
• The plants will have a stunted growth and will wilt during
dry weather and show marginal firing of the leaves.
• Rotation with nonsusceptible crops are the best control
available.
• Plants affected by Heterodera glycines will have stunted
growth as well and the foliage is prematurely yellowed.
• The controls are planting resistant varieties, crop rotation
and preventing movement of infected soils.
INSECT PESTS
Pod and flower feeding •Bollworms and stink bugs, Mexican bean
beetle, grasshoppers, green clover worm,
and velvet bean caterpillars.
•Feeds on pods and flowers.
•Direct yield reduction.
Seed and seedling feeding •Seed corn maggot, seed corn beetle,
wireworm, grape calapsis, white grubs,
thrips, southern corn rootworm, bean leaf
beetle and garden symphylans.
•Feeds on the seed, seedling, plant roots
and leaves.
• Control measures are based on integrated pest management (IPM). One insecticide
application is sufficient to control insect attacks.
Bacterial blight Bacterial pustule
tuai
• Penghasilan dunia : 25 %
• Menanam ( pertengahan bulan Ogos ke
Brazil
pertengahan Disember)
• Menuai ( Februari sampai Mei)
• Pengeluaran dunia : 19 %
Argentin • Menanam : Oktober hingga
Dismber
a • Menuai : April hingga Jun
• Pengeluaran dunia 7 %
• Menanam ( Lewat April
China hingga pertengahan Jun)
• Menuai : September hingga
awal Oktober
AKTIVITI SEMASA MENUAI
THRESHING
Proses memisahkan kacang dari sarung mereka