Parkinson
Parkinson
Klasifikasi:
a. Primer/ idiopathic parkinsonism
Parkinson disease, genetic Parkinson's disease
b. Sekunder / acquired parkinsonism
Infeksi, toksin, obat-obatan, vaskular, trauma.
11/14/21
c. Parkinson plus syndrome / Multiple system
degeneration
--> Primary Parkinsonism dengan gejala:
◦ Lewy Body Dementia,
d. Hereditary parkinsonism
hereditary juvenille dystonia parkinsonism, Lewy Body
Disease, Huntington's disease, Wilson's disease
11/14/21
PENYAKIT PARKINSON
Penyakit Parkinson
Defisiensi dopamine di basal
ganglia/striatum/substansia nigra
(Perdossi,2015)
Staging
Hoehn dan Yahr:
◦ Stadium I-V
Classification:
◦ idiopathic Parkinsonisme (Primer)
◦ Symtomayic Parkinsonisme ( Sekunder)
◦ Parkinson Plus Syndrome (Multiple System
Degeneration)
◦ Heredodegeneratif Disease
(Perdossi,2015)
PATOFISIOLOGI
Anatomi Ganglia Basalis
(Blausen,2007)
Gejala dan Tanda
▪Tanda motorik:
◦ Gejala ringan:
Tremor saat istirahat
Bradikinesia
Rigiditas/chogwil Phenomenon
(Perdossi,2015)
▪Non- Motoric symptom (NMS)
-under diagnose klinis (62 % NMS)
-sering : nocturia (66,7%), urinary
incontinence (61%), constipation (46,7%),
dementia (43,9%), depression (48,2 %),
insomnia (44,3%), concentration
dysfunction (44%)
(Perdossi, 2015)
Screening tool NMSQ
11/14/21
Penatalaksanaan
Pharmacologi
a. Dopaminergic
◦ L-Dopa
◦ DA agonist : bromocriptine, ronipirole,
pramipexole, rotigotine
◦ MAO-B inhibitor : selegiline, rasagiline
◦ COMT inhibitor : entacapone, tolcapone
◦ NMDA receptor antagonist : amantadine
(Samuel,2005)
L-Dopa
L-dopa + peripherally acting DDC
inhibitor (carbidopa, beserazide)
menurunkan efek samping ( nausea,
arrythmia, postural hypotension)
Dosis :
◦ Tahap awal :
carbidopa 25 mg—L-dopa 100 mg tid
beserazide 50 mg—L-dopa 100 mg tid
L-Dopa
◦ up titration L-Dopa ( 1 tab setiap 2-4 hari-->
4 minggu.
◦ Dosis optimum: <1 gr L-dopa/hari .
Agonis Dopamine
Pramifexole :
sering digunakan pada Parkinson Ds > 5 tahun
indikasi diberikan untuk Parkinson Ds > 60 thn
Dosis:
0,50 – 0,7 mg /hari baik untuk tremor
Terapi kombinasi
Rejimen tipikal :
◦ carbidopa+ L-dopa (25mg-100mg) TID sampai 3
bulan --> + bromocriptine 2,5 mg/hari, naikan titrasi
dalam 3 bulan, Max dosis 2,5mg TID
◦ Menurunkan efek samping : dyskinesia dan gejala
fluctuating motorik
(Samuel,2005)
Anti Cholinergic
Tahap awal tremor
◦ Ethopropazine : 10 – 20 mg tid
◦ Benztropine : 0,5 – 4,0 mg bid
◦ Biperidine : 1,0 – 2,0 mg tid
◦ Trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride : 1,0 – 5,0 mg
tid
(Samuel,2005)
Terimakasih