Wawan Riswanto
Think Tank MGEI, CPI PERHAPI
Agus Priadi Lumbantoruan
OUTLINE
• RESERVE
• CUTOFF GRADE
• PIT DESIGN AND PHASE
• MINE PLANNING
• EQUIPMENT AND CAPITAL EXPENDITURE
• ECONOMIC EVALUATION
RESERVE
Reserves :
• A Mineral Reserve is the economically mineable part of a Measured and/or
Indicated Mineral Resource.
• It includes diluting materials and allowances for losses, which may occur when
the material is mined or extracted
• Defined by appropriate level of study at Pre-Feasibility, Feasibility, or
equivalent,
• Includes the application of Modifying Factors.
• Such studies demonstrate that, at the time of reporting, extraction could
reasonably be justified
RESERVE
Resource to Reserve
RESERVE
Modifying factors:
• Mining
• Metallurgical & Processing
• Economic
• Marketing
• Legal
• Environmental
• Infrastructure
• Social
• Government
RESERVE
Reserve Development
CUTOFF GRADE
Definition
Nilai Cut-off Grade merupakan angka yang menunjukkan titik antara dua tindakan alternatif.
Material dengan nilai di atas Cut-off ditangani dengan satu cara, sedangkan material dengan nilai di bawah Cut-off ditangani dengan
cara lain.
Secara khusus, Cut-off digunakan untuk membedakan antara Ore/Bijih dan Waste/Batuan sisa, dengan kadar di atas Cut-off adalah
Ore/Bijih dan di bawah Cut-off adalah Waste/Batuan sisa.
Merupakan jumlah metal/logam (atau product berharga lain) per unit massa dari material.
• Cut-off grade dalam unit berat logam per berat batuan (g/t, troy oz/t) atau
revenue per berat batuan ($/t)
• Cost dalam unit currency per berat batuan ($/t)
• Metal Price dalam unit currency per berat logam ($/g , $/oz)
• Process Recovery dalam percentage (%)
CUTOFF GRADE
Definition
Jenis-jenis “Cut-off Grade”
Break-even Cut-off Grade - Grade material yang mencakup operating cost
dan sustaining capital untuk penambangan, processing, biaya
overhead, penjualan dan reklamasi. Ini juga harus
memperhitungkan G & A site dan regional.
Perubahan signifikan pada grade-tonnage curve untuk suatu sumber daya, dapat mempengaruhi strategi cut-off grade serta rencana penambangan
dan pengolahan.
Gambar berikut menunjukkan contoh grade-tonnage curve. Dalam contoh ini, nilai cut-off grade 1,5 g/t memberikan sumber daya 1Mt pada
kadar rata-rata ~ 2,4 g/t.
PIT DESIGN AND PHASE
Pit Optimization
- Proses penentuan batas bukaan tambang (pit) yang paling optimum (NPV
and IRR)
- Dalam konteks konservasi sumberdaya dan cadangan, untuk mendapatkan
sumberdaya tertambang yang paling besar tidak selalu menghasilkan
NPV/IRR yg paling besar
- Hasil dari pit optimization adalah “selected” optimum pit shell dan series
pit shell lainnya dari menaikkan dan menurunkan harga komoditas
mineral/logam
PIT DESIGN AND PHASE
Salah satu atau beberapa target tsb dapat tercapai dalam sebuah rencana
produksi
MINE PLANNING
EQUIPMENT & CAPEX
Jumlah alat
• Target produksi
• Physical availability, Produktivitas, jam kerja
• Lebar tambang, vertical advance
• Jarak angkut
EQUIPMENT & CAPEX
Common Capital expenditure for a mining project
• Mining equipment capital such as excavator/shovel, dump truck, drill rig, dozer, grader,
compactor, water truck, etc
• Mining infrastructure such as waste dump structure, workshop, warehouse, mess, office and
facility, fuel tank, power house, etc
• Processing infrastructure : crusher, processing plant, water treatment, tailing facility, etc
• Environmental facilities such as sediment pond, monitoring point, drainage system, etc
• Exploration cost
• Land Compensation
• Infrastructure: haul road, bridge, river diversion, port etc
• Legal, permits, consultants, software and license
• Capital replacement
• Others and contingency
EQUIPMENT & CAPEX
Sensitivity Analysis
• Commodity Prices
• Capital expenditures
• Operating Expenditures
• Recovery
• Exchange Rate
THANK YOU