Rehmadanta Sitepu
Dogma Sentral
replication
Dogma Sentral Biologi Molekuler
Replikasi
Sintesis Protein
Table 17.1
Sintesis Transkrip RNA
Tahapan 5
Promoter
Transcription unit
3
trankripsi
3 5
DNA
Start point
RNA polymerase 1 Initiation. After RNA polymerase binds to
Initiation the promoter, the DNA strands unwind, and
the polymerase initiates RNA synthesis at the
Elongation 5
start point on the template strand.
3
3 5
RNA
5 3
3 3 5
5
RNA
transcript
3 Termination. Eventually, the RNA
transcript is released, and the
polymerase detaches from the DNA.
5 3
3 5
5 3
Completed RNA
transcript
Sintesis RNA- Inisiasi
1 Eukaryotic promoters
Promotor memberi sinyal
TRANSCRIPTION DNA
RNA PROCESSING Pre-mRNA
Polypeptide
RNA polymerase II
Transcription factors
5 3
3 5 5
RNA transcript
Transcription initiation complex
Sintesis RNA - Elongasi
RNA polimerase mensintesis untai tunggal RNA terhadap untai DNA template
(anti-sense strand), menambahkan nukleotida ke ujung 3 'dari rantai RNA
RNA polimerase bergerak di sepanjang DNA utk menguraikan double helix,
memegang 10 sampai 20 basis DNA pada suatu waktu untuk
memasangkannys nukleotida RNA
Elongation Non-template
strand of DNA
RNA nucleotides
RNA
polymerase
T C C A A T
A
3 C T U
3 end
T
G
A U
G
G
EG A
5 C A C A C
A
T A
A G G T T
Direction of transcription
5 Template
(“downstream”)
strand of DNA
Newly made
RNA
Sintesis RNA- Terminasi
urutan tertentu dalam pemutusan sinyal
DNA transkripsi
Ketika salah satu dari ini yang dihadapi
oleh polimerase, transkrip RNA dilepaskan
dari DNA dan double helix dapat zip lagi.
Transcription Overview
Translasi
Translasi adalah Sintesis TRANSCRIPTION DNA
Polypeptide
Translasi melibatkan
Amino
mRNA acids
Polypeptide
Ribosomes - Ribosomal RNA
tRNA with
Transfer RNA amino acid
Ribosome attached
Genetic coding - codons Trp
Phe Gly
tRNA
C
C
GC G
A
Anticodon
A A A
U G G U U U G G C
5 Codons 3
mRNA
Kode Genetik
informasi genetik dikodekan sebagai urutan triplet basa nonoverlapping,
atau kodon
gen menentukan urutan basa sepanjang molekul mRNA
DNA Gene 2
molecule
Gene 1
Gene 3
DNA strand 3 5
(template) A C C A A A C C G A G T
TRANSCRIPTION
U G G U U U G G C U C A
mRNA 5 3
Codon
TRANSLATION
Initiator tRNA
GTP GDP
E A
mRNA
5 3 5 3
Start codon
1 2
A small ribosomal subunit binds to a molecule of The arrival of a large ribosomal subunit completes
mRNA. In a prokaryotic cell, the mRNA binding site the initiation complex. Proteins called initiation
on this subunit recognizes a specific nucleotide factors (not shown) are required to bring all the
sequence on the mRNA just upstream of the start translation components together. GTP provides
codon. An initiator tRNA, with the anticodon UAC, the energy for the assembly. The initiator tRNA is
base-pairs with the start codon, AUG. This tRNA in the P site; the A site is available to the tRNA
carries the amino acid methionine (Met). bearing the next amino acid.
Elongasi Ikatan Peptida
Pada tahap elongasi, asam amino ditambahkan satu per
satu untuk asam amino sebelumnya
E E
P A P A
Release
factor
Free
polypeptide
5
3 3
3
5 5
Stop codon
(UAG, UAA, or UGA)
1 When a ribosome reaches a stop 2 The release factor hydrolyzes 3 The two ribosomal subunits
codon on mRNA, the A site of the the bond between the tRNA in and the other components of
ribosome accepts a protein called the P site and the last amino the assembly dissociate.
a release factor instead of tRNA. acid of the polypeptide chain.
The polypeptide is thus freed
from the ribosome.