2. Translasi
Transkripsi
Urutan rantai nukleotida template/cetakan dari
suatu DNA untai ganda disalin untuk
menghasilkan satu rantai molekul RNA
Transkripsi berlangsung didalam inti sel
Translasi
mRNA
Ribosome
TRANSLATION
Polypeptide
(a)
Prokaryotic cell. In a cell lacking a nucleus, mRNA
produced by transcription is immediately translated
without additional processing.
Nuclear
envelope
TRANSCRIPTION DNA
Pre-mRNA
RNA PROCESSING
mRNA
Ribosome
TRANSLATION
(b)
Polypeptide
Figure 17.3b
DNA
Gene 2
molecule
Gene 1
Gene 3
DNA strand 3 5
(template) A C C A A A C C G A G T
TRANSCRIPTION
U G G U U U G G C U C A
mRNA 5 3
Codon
TRANSLATION
5 3
3 5
Rewound
RNA
5 3
3 3 5
5
RNA
transcript
5 3
3 5
5 3
RNA
polymerase
T C C A A
A
3
3 end
A E G C A
5
T A G G T T
Direction of transcription
5
(downstream) Template
strand of DNA
Newly made
RNA
TRANSLASI
Dalam proses translasi, sel mengintrepetasikan
suatu kode genetic menjadi protein yang sesuai
Kode genetic tersebut berupa serangkaian kodon
disepanjang molekul RNA duta, intrepeternya
adalah RNAt
RNAt mentransfer asam amino disitoplasma
keribosom
Molekul RNAt membawa asam amino spesifik pada
salah satu ujungnya yang sesuai dengan triplet
nukleotida pada ujung RNAt lainnya disebut
antikodon
Ribosom memudahkan perlekatan yang spesifik
antara antikodon RNAt dengan kodon RNAd
Tahap Translasi
1. Inisiasi
Sub unit ribosom kecil mengikatkan diri pada RNAd
dan RNAt inisiator
Sub unit ribosom kecil melekat pada tempat
tertentu dari ujung 5 dari RNAd
Didekat tempat perlekatan ribosom subunit kecil
mRNA
Ribosome
TRANSLATION
Polypeptide
Amino
acids
Polypeptide
tRNA with
amino acid
attached
Ribosome
Gly
tRNA
Anticodon
A A A
U G G U U U G G C
5 Codons 3
mRNA
TRANSCRIPTION DNA
1
RNA is transcribed
from a DNA template.
5 RNA RNA
transcript polymerase
2
In eukaryotes, the RNA transcript
RNA transcript (pre- (pre-mRNA)
mRNA) is spliced and Intron
modified to produce
mRNA, which moves Aminoacyl-tRNA
from the nucleus to the synthetase
cytoplasm.
NUCLEUS
Amino
FORMATION OF acid
INITIATION COMPLEX AMINO ACID ACTIVATION
tRNA
CYTOPLASM 3After leaving the 4
Each amino acid
nucleus, mRNA attaches attaches to its proper tRNA
to the ribosome. with the help of a specific
enzyme and ATP.
mRNA Growing
polypeptide
Activated
amino acid
Ribosomal
subunits
5
TRANSLATION
5
A succession of tRNAs
E A
add their amino acids to
A A A Anticodon the polypeptide chain
as the mRNA is moved
U G G U U U A U G
through the ribosome
one codon at a time.
Codon (When completed, the
polypeptide is released
from the ribosome.)
Ribosome
TRANSCRIPTION DNA
1
5 RNA
transcript
2
RNA transcript
(pre-mRNA)
Intron
Aminoacyl-tRNA
synthetase
NUCLEUS
Amino
FORMATION OF acid
INITIATION COMPLEX AMINO ACID ACTIVATION
tRNA
CYTOPLASM 3 4
Each amino acid
attaches to its proper tRNA
with the help of a specific
enzyme and ATP.
mRNA Growing
polypeptide
Activated
amino acid
Ribosomal
subunits
5
TRANSLATION
5
A succession of tRNAs
E A
add their amino acids to
A A A Anticodon the polypeptide chain
as the mRNA is moved
U G G U U U A U G
through the ribosome
one codon at a time.
Codon (When completed, the
polypeptide is released
from the ribosome.)
Ribosome
KUNCI
DNA sense/templet : AG-TS
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